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1.
以小白菜"上海青"为试验材料,研究了喷施蔗糖和葡萄糖对小白菜生长和硫代葡萄糖苷含量的影响。结果显示,蔗糖和葡萄糖喷施对小白菜地上部鲜重和干重均没有显著影响,喷施蔗糖均能够显著增加小白菜总脂肪族硫代葡萄糖苷、总吲哚族硫代葡萄糖苷和总硫代葡萄糖苷含量,其中,0.1mol/L蔗糖喷施显著提高了3-丁烯基硫代葡萄糖苷和吲哚-3-甲基硫代葡萄糖苷含量,0.2mol/L蔗糖喷施显著增加了吲哚-3-甲基硫代葡萄糖苷和4-甲氧基吲哚-3-甲基硫代葡萄糖苷含量。0.2mol/L葡萄糖喷施显著增加总硫代葡萄糖苷及单个硫代葡萄糖苷含量。蔗糖和葡萄糖喷施均有增加总吲哚族硫代葡萄糖苷相对百分含量的趋势。研究表明外源喷施糖对小白菜硫代葡萄糖苷含量和组成具有显著的影响。 相似文献
2.
为探讨6-苄氨基嘌呤(6-Benzylaminopurine,6-BA)处理对鲜切西兰花中硫代葡萄糖苷(简称硫苷)代谢的作用机理,该研究首先鉴定得出西兰花花球中分别以萝卜硫苷和萝卜硫素为主的12种硫苷和6种水解产物,然后以30 mg/L的6-BA溶液对鲜切西兰花进行处理,研究外源6-BA处理对其硫苷含量、黑芥子酶活性、硫苷水解产物及其代谢途径关键基因表达水平等的影响。结果表明,6-BA处理通过延缓西兰花花球叶绿素含量下降从而延迟其黄化进程;同时,显著提高了脂肪族硫苷合成相关基因MYB28、CYP79F1、CYP83A1、ST5b、FMOGS-OX1,和吲哚族硫苷合成关键基因MYB51、CYP79B2及CYP83B1的表达水平(P<0.05),其中6-BA处理组FMOGS-OX1的表达量在贮藏第6天时为对照组的1.93倍,MYB51的表达量为对照组1.41~1.91倍,CYP79B2的表达量在4 d后高出对照组41.90%~93.75%;由此,6-BA处理保持了其组织较高的萝卜硫苷、3-甲基亚磺酰丙基硫苷、吲哚甲基硫苷和4-甲氧基吲哚甲基硫苷的含量,总硫苷含量为对照组的2.46~4.79倍;此外,6-BA处理的西兰花花球组织黑芥子酶活性和其基因MYR的表达水平在4~8 d期间分别高出对照组15.32%~90.22%和25.86%~33.73%,并显著提高了其组织萝卜硫素等异硫氰酸酯水解产物的含量(P<0.05),其中萝卜硫素含量高于对照组17.58%~25.39%,但对硫苷水解关键基因ESP的表达量并无显著影响(P>0.05)。因此,6-BA处理可通过提高硫苷合成相关基因和水解关键基因来保持鲜切西兰花花球中硫苷的含量和异硫氰酸酯的水平,为西兰花功能活性成分的保持提供理论和技术支持。 相似文献
3.
硫代葡萄糖苷(GS)含量的多少是芜菁品质好坏的重要指标。本文采用沙培试验、 高效液相色谱法(HPLC)研究不同氮(80 kg/hm2、 160 kg/hm2和240 kg/hm2)和硫(10 kg/hm2和60 kg/hm2)供应水平对白玉芜菁叶和根中硫代葡萄糖苷组成和含量的影响。结果表明, 白玉芜菁叶片中有7种硫代葡萄糖苷,根中有9种硫代葡萄糖苷。叶片中总硫代葡萄糖苷含量是根部总硫代葡萄糖苷含量的1.16倍。增加硫供应水平,显著增加了根和叶中各种硫苷含量;随着氮供应水平的增加,吲哚族硫苷含量占总硫苷含量的比例显著增加。白玉芜菁中硫代葡萄糖苷的含量决定于氮和硫的平衡供应,在氮N 160 kg/hm2、 硫S 60 kg/hm2供应水平下硫代葡萄糖苷含量最高。 相似文献
4.
采用盆栽试验,研究了脂肪族芥子油苷和吲哚族芥子油苷的合成前体甲硫氨酸和色氨酸单独及配合表面活性剂叶面喷施对芥蓝(Brassica alboglabra L.)生长及菜薹中芥子油苷组分和含量的影响。结果表明,各处理对芥蓝生长指标及芥子油苷组分无显著影响,在芥蓝菜薹中均检测到7种脂肪族芥子油苷和4种吲哚族芥子油苷。与喷施清水对照相比,甲硫氨酸、色氨酸单独叶面喷施及表面活性剂辅助的色氨酸叶面喷施,对芥蓝菜薹总芥子油苷含量、总脂肪族芥子油苷含量和总吲哚族芥子油苷含量均无显著影响。表面活性剂辅助下甲硫氨酸叶面喷施处理中菜薹总芥子油苷和总脂肪族芥子油苷含量比清水对照处理分别提高28.5%和31.9%,其中在11种芥子油苷中脂肪族芥子油苷3-丁烯基芥子油苷含量提高幅度最大,达到44.3%,同时表面活性剂辅助下甲硫氨酸叶面喷施显著提高了芥蓝菜薹全硫含量并降低了氮硫比(N/S)。本试验结果表明,有效供给甲硫氨酸能明显促进脂肪族芥子油苷的合成和积累,而辅之以表面活性剂能增进叶面对甲硫氨酸的吸收效果,其影响机理还有待进一步研究。 相似文献
5.
砂培油菜苗能迅速从培养液中吸收~(35)SO_4~(2-),并迅速结合到硫代葡萄糖苷、氨基酸和蛋白质中。标记后,70%甲醇抽提的~(35)S申硫苷-~(35)S的百分含量随时间有规律地下降,而氨基酸中的~(35)S相应地上升。结合成分中~(35)S的相对含量在标记5天后保持恒定。开花后两周,豆荚和籽粒中硫苷-~(35)S的相对含量随时间线性增加,至开花后8周,种子中70%甲醇抽提成分的~(35)S均为硫苷-~(35)S。豆荚和籽粒中,硫苷-~(35)S与干物质含量均随时间线性增加。 相似文献
6.
花椰菜主要生物活性物质及其抗氧化能力分析 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
分析了花椰菜不同器官(花球、茎、叶和根)中芥子油苷等主要生物活性物质及其抗氧化能力,发现烯丙基芥子油苷是花椰菜中主要的芥子油苷,不同器官中芥子油苷的组分与含量差异显著,根系中的总芥子油苷、总脂肪类、总芳香类以及烯丙基芥子油苷和4-甲氧基-吲哚-3-甲基芥子油苷的含量均显著高于其他器官,叶片中吲哚类芥子油苷的含量最高,花球中总芥子油苷、烯丙基芥子油苷和吲哚-3-甲基芥子油苷含量次之,茎中的总芥子油苷含量最低;叶片中的叶绿素、类胡萝卜素、维生素C和多酚含量及抗氧化能力显著高于其他器官。这些结果表明花椰菜的叶片和根系中生物活性物质含量丰富,具有进一步开发和综合利用潜力。 相似文献
7.
为探究红光处理对萝卜芽菜采后营养品质的影响,本试验对采收后的萝卜芽菜进行8 h红光处理,之后置于4℃条件下贮藏,于贮藏0、1、2和3 d对其芥子油苷,叶绿素、花青素等抗氧化物质含量,以及总抗氧化能力进行分析。结果表明,与对照相比,红光处理使萝卜芽菜中的脂肪类芥子油苷(4-甲硫基-3-丁烯基芥子油苷等)和吲哚类芥子油苷(4-甲氧基-吲哚-3-甲基芥子油苷等)含量分别提高9.5%和20.6%,并且延缓了贮藏过程中具有抗癌活性的4-甲硫基-3-丁烯基芥子油苷含量的下降。此外,红光处理提高了萝卜芽菜中叶绿素和花青素的含量,以及贮藏早期的抗氧化能力。本研究结果为通过光照处理维持萝卜芽菜采后品质提供了理论依据,具有潜在的应用价值。 相似文献
8.
氨基酸与锌配合喷施提高小白菜生物量、品质及锌利用效率 总被引:5,自引:3,他引:2
9.
外源硫酸铝调节八仙花花青苷组成和含量变化的分子生物学机制 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
10.
不同钾肥对甘蓝产量、品质和营养元素形态的影响 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
选择重庆地区适宜栽培的甘蓝品种,采用田间小区试验,研究不同种类和用量钾肥对甘蓝产量、品质和营养元素形态的影响,为无公害甘蓝生产确定合理的施钾技术提供科学依据。结果表明,不同施钾处理甘蓝生物产量和商品产量均显著提高(增量为4.3%~20.2%),两种钾肥均以中量水平(K2)增产最显著,但相同用量下钾肥种类间增产效果无显著差异,从肥料成本看以氯化钾更优。各处理均提高甘蓝氨基酸含量,以低量硫酸钾最优,增幅达56.9%;除中量氯化钾提高甘蓝维生素C含量6.8%外,其余处理均降低维生素C含量;各处理对甘蓝硝酸盐含量以降低为主,以高量硫酸钾降幅最大达12.3%;钾肥对甘蓝还原糖含量表现为提高,且以低量氯化钾最优。各处理均在一定程度上提高甘蓝矿质元素含量(Zn除外)。甘蓝各营养元素形态中,均以非蛋白态为主。不同钾肥处理蛋白氮含量与氨基酸含量呈极显著负相关(相关系数r=-0.820),蛋白磷与氨基酸含量呈显著正相关,而非蛋白磷含量与维生素C含量呈显著正相关;与氮、磷素形态相比,不同钾素形态与甘蓝品质间关系更为密切,其中全钾、蛋白钾含量与维生素C含量均呈显著正相关。综合各指标效应看,甘蓝适宜钾肥种类为氯化钾,且以中量施钾水平最优。 相似文献
11.
Tolonen M Taipale M Viander B Pihlava JM Korhonen H Ryhänen EL 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2002,50(23):6798-6803
The formation of plant-derived biomolecules during sauerkraut fermentation was studied. Cabbage was fermented with a starter culture, and the results were compared to the results of spontaneous fermentation. The concentration of flavonoids and glucosinolates was analyzed by HPLC, and that of the glucosinolate breakdown products, by GC-MS. Of the 20 different flavonoids tested, only kaempferol was found (0.9 mg/ kg FW, fresh weight). The content of kaempferol remained constant in the cabbage fiber matrix over the fermentation process. The nitrite concentration was below the detection limit in both fermentations. The total glucosinolate content in the raw material was 3.71 micro mol/g DW, dry weight. Glucosinolates were totally decomposed in both fermentations during two weeks, and different types of breakdown products were formed. Isothiocyanates, indole-3-carbinol, goitrin, allyl cyanide, and nitriles were determined in the fermented cabbage. Isothiocyanates and allyl cyanide were the predominant breakdown products in both fermentations. Sulforaphane nitrile and goitrin were found only in small quantities in the end products. 相似文献
12.
Variation of glucosinolates in vegetable crops of Brassica oleracea 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
Kushad MM Brown AF Kurilich AC Juvik JA Klein BP Wallig MA Jeffery EH 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》1999,47(4):1541-1548
Glucosinolates were evaluated in 5 groups and 65 accessions of Brassica oleracea (50 broccoli, 4 Brussels sprouts, 6 cabbage, 3 cauliflower, and 2 kale) grown under uniform cultural conditions. Glucosinolates and their concentrations varied among the different groups and within each group. The predominant glucosinolates in broccoli were 4-methylsulfinylbutyl glucosinolate (glucoraphanin), 3-butenyl glucosinolate (gluconapin), and 3-indolylmethyl glucosinoate (glucobrassicin). Glucoraphanin concentration in broccoli ranged from 0.8 micromol g(-1) DW in EV6-1 to 21.7 micromol g(-1) DW in Brigadier. Concentrations of the other glucosinolates in broccoli varied similarly over a wide range. In Brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower, and kale, the predominant glucosinolates were sinigrin (8.9, 7.8, 9.3, and 10.4 micromol g(-1) DW, respectively) and glucobrassicin (3.2, 0.9, 1.3, and 1.2 micromol g(-1) DW, respectively). Brussels sprouts also had significant amounts of gluconapin (6.9 micromol g(-1) DW). Wide variations in glucosinolate content among genotypes suggest differences in their health-promoting properties and the opportunity for enhancement of their levels through genetic manipulation. 相似文献
13.
Ciska E Martyniak-Przybyszewska B Kozlowska H 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2000,48(7):2862-2867
Individual glucosinolates (GLS) were determined in vegetables of three Cruciferae species: Brassica oleracea L. (white cabbage, red cabbage, Savoy cabbage, Brussels sprouts, cauliflower, kale, kohlrabi), Brassica rapa L. (turnip), and Raphanus sativus L. (red radish, black radish, and white radish) produced in two years. The cultivars were compared for the contents of total-, indole-, and aliphatic GLS. In both years, the total content of GLS was highest in black radish, and all examined R. sativus vegetables contained the greatest amount of aliphatic GLS. Neither the level nor the identity of GLS differentiated among the vegetables of the other cultivars grown in the same year. Comparison of the GLS contents of the same cultivar in two production years, which differed in temperature and rainfall rate, showed that low average 10-day rainfall and high average temperature during the vegetation period significantly increased the GLS content of vegetables. This suggests that the year x cultivar interaction modified the GLS content of vegetables. 相似文献
14.
Malik MS Riley MB Norsworthy JK Bridges W 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2010,58(22):11626-11632
Glucosinolate composition was determined in wild radish accessions from eight states in the northeastern and southern United States to determine the variability of production among accessions. Glucosinolates were evaluated from roots, leaves, flowers, primary, and secondary branches. Seventeen glucosinolates were identified, with glucoerucin, glucoraphenin, glucobrassicin, and gluconasturtiin contributing 90% to 100% of the total glucosinolates. Flowers contained the highest glucosinolate concentrations, 12.07 to 55.36 μmol/g, but flowers contributed only 5.3 to 21.3% to the total glucosinolates. Of the eight accessions, the Mississippi accession produced significantly higher levels of total glucosinolates and glucosinolates which can be degraded to isothiocyanates per plant, totals of 618.97 and 563.53 μmol/plant, respectively. Total plant biomass did not differ between accessions indicating a difference in the ability of the Mississippi accession to produce glucosinolates. Further studies are needed to determine if this accession would consistently produce higher glucosinolate levels under different environmental conditions. 相似文献
15.
Hauder J Winkler S Bub A Rüfer CE Pignitter M Somoza V 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2011,59(15):8047-8057
This study aimed at developing a sensitive LC-MS/MS method for the quantification of sulforaphane (SFN) and indole-3-carbinol metabolites in plasma and urine after dietary intake of regular and selenium-fertilized broccoli using stable isotope dilution analysis. In a three-armed, placebo-controlled, randomized human intervention study with 76 healthy volunteers, 200 g of regular (485 μg of total glucosinolates and <0.01 μg of selenium per gram fresh weight) or selenium-fertilized broccoli (589 μg of total glucosinolates and 0.25 μg of selenium per gram fresh weight) was administered daily for 4 weeks. Glucoraphanin and glucobrassicin metabolites quantified in plasma and urine were SFN-glutathione, SFN-cysteine, SFN-cysteinylglycine, SFN-acetylcysteine, and indole-3-carboxaldehyde, indole-3-carboxylic acid, and ascorbigen, respectively. Dietary intake of selenium-fertilized broccoli increased serum selenium concentration analyzed by means of atomic absorption spectroscopy by up to 25% (p < 0.001), but affected neither glucosinolate concentrations in broccoli nor their metabolite concentrations in plasma and urine compared to regular broccoli. 相似文献
16.
Li S Schonhof I Krumbein A Li L Stützel H Schreiner M 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2007,55(21):8452-8457
Three greenhouse pot experiments were conducted with four different nitrogen (N) treatments (80, 160, 240, and 320 kg ha (-1)) in combination with three sulfur (S) treatments (10, 20, and 60 kg ha (-1)) to study the effects of combined N and S supply on glucosinolate concentration and composition in turnip roots. Total glucosinolate concentration varied widely from 9.7 (N 320S 10) to 91.6 (N 160S 60) mg (100 g) (-1) root fresh weight (FW) and individual glucosinolate concentrations were increased with increasing S supply regardless of the N treatment, whereas enhanced N supply (160 - 320 N ha (-1)) at the high S level (60 kg ha (-1)) did not affect total glucosinolate concentration. In contrast, assumingly attributed to the individual glucosinolate biosynthesis concentration of N-containing tryptophan-derived indole glucosinolate was highest with increased N supply, whereas S-containing methionine-derived aromatic and aliphatic glucosinolates decreased with increasing N supply combined at low S level (10-20 kg ha (-1)). 相似文献
17.
为探究油菜素甾醇对萝卜芽菜生物活性物质的影响,用表油菜素内酯及其类似物高芸薹素单独或者与氯化钠共同处理萝卜芽菜,测定并分析其芥子油苷、花青素、维生素C和总多酚的含量以及抗氧化能力的变化。结果表明,20 nmol·L~(-1)表油菜素内酯单独处理时,芥子油苷含量显著降低,但与40mmol·L~(-1)氯化钠共处理时,芥子油苷含量显著上升;20 nmol·L~(-1)高芸薹素单独处理或者与40 mmol·L~(-1)氯化钠共处理则对芥子油苷含量无显著影响。此外,表油菜素内酯和高芸薹素单独处理或者分别与氯化钠共处理均能显著提高花青素和维生素C的含量,但对总多酚含量和抗氧化能力均无显著影响。综上,表油菜素内酯与氯化钠共处理是提高萝卜芽菜中芥子油苷、花青素以及维生素C等主要生物活性物质的有效手段,这为通过化学调控的方法改良萝卜芽菜的品质提供了理论依据和技术支撑。 相似文献