共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
阿魏酸对小麦叶片水分利用效率的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了提高作物的水分利用效率,通过盆栽试验,研究了阿魏酸对不同土壤水分条件下小麦叶片水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,在土壤水分含量较高时用100 μmol/L的FA处理可以降低小麦叶片的光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度和WUE,而在较低的土壤水分条件下FA却可以显著提高光合速率和WUE等生理指标。因此,采用100 μmol/L的FA可以在一定程度上提高小麦叶片的水分利用效率。 相似文献
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苹果不同生育期根系分区灌水的生理效应研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
根系分区灌水是一种新型灌水技术,在不影响产量的前提下能够提高水分利用效率。通过春梢生长期、春梢停长期、秋梢生长期苹果根系分区灌水试验,研究了不同生育期1/4、2/4、3/4根系体积灌水对苹果植株水分状况、生长习性和叶片Pn、Tr、Gs、WUE等生理指标的影响。结果表明,春梢生长期1/4根系体积灌水即可满足植株的水分需求,而春梢停长期、秋梢生长期需要2/4根系灌水;减小灌水根系体积后,新梢和叶片生长被抑制,叶片Pn、Tr、Gs降低,由于Tr较Pn下降幅度大,WUE明显提高。 相似文献
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为研究持续干旱处理对紫斑牡丹(Paeonia rockii)光合生理特性的影响,本研究。以实生苗为材料进行盆栽控水试验,设置对照(compared,CK)、轻度胁迫(light stress,LD)、中度胁迫(moderate stress,MD)、重度胁迫(Severe stress,SD)4个水分处理,研究随着干旱胁迫的加剧,叶片水分生理以及光合生理参数的变化。结果表明:在CK、LD、MD水分梯度下,紫斑牡丹生长正常,但在SD胁迫下受影响明显,植株叶片变黄且萎蔫;各胁迫阶段叶厚、叶水势下降明显,相对含水量(relative water content,RWC)降低幅度小,差异不明显,饱和水分亏(water saturation deficit,WSD)有在MD胁迫下有所升高;干旱胁迫抑制了光合色素合成,叶绿素a(Chlorophyll a,Chla)、叶绿素b(Chlorophyll b,Chlb)、叶绿素总含量(total chlorophyll content,Chla+b)、类胡萝卜素(Carotenoids,Car)显著依次下降,叶绿素比值(Chlorophyll ratio,Chla/b)则相反;干旱胁迫导致叶片净光合速率(net photosynthetic rate,Pn)、气孔导度(Stomatal conductance,Gs)以及蒸腾速率(transpiration rate,Tr)呈现下降趋势,但胞间二氧化碳浓度(intercellular carbon dioxide concentration,Ci)则表现为上升后下降,其中水分利用效率(water use efficiency,WUE)在逐渐上升。在轻度和中度干旱的紫斑牡丹表现出一定的适应性和耐旱能力,而长期重度干旱则对紫斑牡丹影响较为严重,在重度干旱地区栽植需考虑水分供给。本研究为干旱地区和城市的园林绿化植物的选择提供理论支持。 相似文献
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D. F. Ming Z. F. Pei M. S. Naeem H. J. Gong W. J. Zhou 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2012,198(1):14-26
This study investigates the effect of added silicon (Si, as sodium silicate) on water status–related parameters, osmolytes accumulation and gas exchange in the leaves of hydroponically grown upland rice seedlings under polyethylene glycol (PEG‐6000)‐induced water stress, the aims being to explore whether Si has been involved in osmotic adjustment (OA) in upland rice plants. Fifty‐five‐day‐old seedlings were subjected to 8.5 % (m/v) PEG‐6000 treatment without or with 2.5 mm Si for 7 days. The results showed that addition of Si to culture solution could partially improve total, free, and bound water contents in both leaves and roots, which were all decreased under water stress. Application of Si increased water potential (Ψw) and osmotic potential (Ψπ) in both roots and leaves while maintained higher turgor pressure (Ψp), in comparison with the plants without Si application. Added Si also stimulated the active accumulation of some osmolytes in both leaves and roots of stressed plants, which suggested enhanced OA ability. Analysis of gas exchange in leaves showed that net photosynthetic rate, transpiration, and water‐use efficiency (WUE) were decreased under water stress, whereas application of Si enhanced the photosynthesis and improved the WUE. This study suggests that PEG‐induced water stress in rice could be partially alleviated by addition of Si. This alleviative effect was partially attributable to enhanced OA ability by means of active accumulation of osmolytes. 相似文献
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水分胁迫对大丽花光合作用、蒸腾和气孔导度的影响 总被引：9，自引：4，他引：5
以大丽花品种‘粉西施’盆栽扦插苗为试材,研究了不同程度水分胁迫及复水对大丽花品种粉西施叶片光合作用、蒸腾和气孔导度的影响。结果表明：随着水分胁迫程度的加深和胁迫时间的延长,大丽花叶片的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)和水分利用率(WUE)下降,胞间CO2浓度(Ci)先下降后上升,气孔限制值Ls先升高后下降。轻度和中度水分胁迫下,气孔限制是Pn降低的主要原因;重度水分胁迫下,非气孔限制是Pn降低的主要原因。重度胁迫更早对大丽花叶片造成伤害,重度胁迫下复水后光合指标难以恢复。 相似文献
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Improvement of water use efficiency (WUE) of field crops in the Mediterranean region is an imperative imposed by the critical situation of water resources of the region, as well as by the demographical increment. This review reports the experimental data concerning WUE of 16 species cultivated in the region. The species include cereals, leguminous, horticultural and industrial crops. This review however underlines that WUE data of fruit trees are lacking, despite they represent one of the main productions of the Mediterranean agriculture.
In this region, the large range of WUE values observed, for the same species, can be ascribed mainly to: (i) fertilizers and water management (water regime, mineral supply and water quality); (ii) plant factors (species, variety and sensitivity of growth stage to the stress); and (iii) environmental factors (climate, atmospheric pollution, soil texture and climate change). The conclusion highlights the actual gap concerning WUE in the Mediterranean region. This gap will constitute a field of research designated to ameliorate WUE of agriculture in this region. 相似文献
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黄土旱塬冬小麦水分利用效率及相关生理特性研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
通过对黄土旱塬冬小麦叶片光合生理指标、水分利用效率及其对环境因子的响应进行分析,结果表明：净光合速率日变化呈不明显的双峰曲线,蒸腾速率日变化呈明显的倒“U”型曲线,两者上午都明显高于下午,且不同生育期峰值出现的时间不同。拔节期蒸腾速率峰值出现时间和净光合速率同步,而灌浆期则滞后于净光合速率峰值出现时间。拔节期环境因子对生理指标的影响要比灌浆期明显的多。光合有效辐射和CO2浓度是对净光合速率和叶片蒸腾速率影响最强烈的环境因子。在小麦整个生长过程中,温湿度对气孔导度的影响在逐渐增大,对胞间CO2浓度的影响也比较明显。小麦叶片水分利用效率的日变化呈不明显的双峰曲线,其峰值出现的时间早于净光合速率和蒸腾速率峰值出现的时间。灌浆期日平均WUE比拔节期低30.5%。小麦净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度三者之间极显著相关,叶片温度与气孔导度显著负相关。叶片温度与净光合速率和蒸腾速率相关性的不一致说明了黄土高原降水缺乏导致作物产生抗旱的适应性,这为培养高水分利用效率的作物提供了条件。 相似文献
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黄土高寒区不同土壤水分条件下银水牛果幼苗光响应研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
为了给黄土高寒区造林树种的选择和水分的有效利用提供理论依据和科学指导,本研究在青海大通县试验基地通过人工控制土壤水分的方法,利用Li-6400便携式光合测定系统对银水牛果气体交换参数因子的光响应进行分析。结果表明：银水牛果的的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、水分利用效率(WUE)与光合有效辐射(PAR)及土壤含水量(SWC)密切相关。①当PAR为500~2000 μmol/(m2?s)、SWC为14.35%~21.5%时,既能保证银水牛果叶片具有较高的Pn,又能维持较高的WUE。②与其他水分处理相比,在轻度水分胁迫下银水牛果既能在低光强下具有较高的光能利用能力,又能适应强光辐射,光适应生态幅度较宽。③在适度缺水条件下,银水牛果的光合作用强于供水充足的植株,而且适度水分亏缺并未使产量显著降低,反而使WUE提高。在受到较严重的水分胁迫时,银水牛果的WUE在PAR为500~2000 μmol/(m2?s)时,仍保持较高。说明银水牛果具有高效用水的生理特征,在受到水分胁迫时,能通过自身生理调节来适应外界水分等环境变化,维持较高的WUE。综上所述,银水牛果对逆境（强光、干旱）具有较强的适应能力,可以作为黄土高寒区的造林树种进行推广种植。 相似文献
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为了解降香黄檀叶片性状和水分利用效率(water use efficiency,WUE)对移植和钾肥两种抚育措施的响应,以中幼龄降香黄檀为研究对象开展了移植和钾肥两组试验,测定了比叶面积(specificleafarea,SLA)、WUE及相关因子。结果显示:移植各处理中去半冠不移叶干重最大为0.0613 g,断根不移叶干重最低为0.0487 g,去半冠不移叶面积最大为12.072 cm2;SLA的大小顺序为断根不移>去半冠不移>去半冠移植>CK>全冠移植。随着钾肥用量的增加叶干重、叶面积、SLA均呈增大趋势。在光强为1800μmol·m-2·s-1下,各处理中全冠移的净光合速率(net photosynthetic rate,Pn)高于去半冠不移、去半冠移植和断根不移;蒸腾速率(transpiration rate,Tr)最大的为断根不移;WUE的大小顺序为全冠移植>CK>去半冠移植>去半冠不移>断根不移。WUE随钾肥用量的增加逐渐降低。移植和钾肥处理降香黄檀叶片的SLA、WUE均表现出显著的负相关关系。不同培育措施下,降香黄檀通过改变叶片形态,使SLA和WUE形成相反的趋势,反映了其适应光照、土壤等各种因素的资源利用策略和光合产物累积模式。本研究结果为人工培育降香黄檀提供一定的理论依据。 相似文献
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钾对水分胁迫下甘蔗幼苗生理和光合特性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探讨不同钾水平对水分胁迫下甘蔗幼苗生理及光合特性的影响,采用水培及聚乙二醇(PEG6000)模拟水分胁迫处理的方法,在苗期设置2个钾浓度(3、0.05 mmol/L)和3种水分条件(非水分胁迫、轻度及中度水分胁迫)的组合处理进行研究。结果表明,随着水分胁迫强度的增加,正常供钾和低钾处理的甘蔗幼苗生物量、叶片净光合速率(Pn)、气孔导度(Gs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)和叶片相对含水量(RWC)均下降,但正常供钾处理的下降幅度小于低钾处理;胞间CO2浓度(Ci)在正常钾处理下呈先升后降的趋势,而低钾处理下则相反;水分利用效率(WUE)、游离脯氨酸(Pro)及丙二醛(MDA)含量升高。在非水分胁迫下,与低钾处理相比,正常钾处理对甘蔗幼苗的生物量、叶片Pn、Gs、Tr和Pro含量影响甚微。但在水分胁迫下,正常供钾处理显著提高了甘蔗幼苗的生物量、叶片钾含量、Pn、Gs、Tr和Pro含量,抑制了MDA含量。上述结果说明适量施钾对甘蔗生长和光合能力具有明显促进作用,能有效缓解干旱胁迫对蔗株的伤害。 相似文献
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研究不同水稻品种在不同生育期主要光合生理指标的变化规律,旨在为水稻品种的选育和栽培提供参考。以绵阳地区4个水稻品种（组合）为试材,用便携式光合作用测量系统测定田间主要光合特性参数。结果表明：不同品种在叶绿素含量、净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度存在明显差异,各品种不同生育期叶绿素a/b值、净光合速率变化呈单峰曲线。抽穗期,‘成糯88’、‘B6优4761’和‘233A/绵恢768’具有较高的蒸腾速率,而‘冈优725’表现出较低的蒸腾速率;‘冈优725’在灌浆期具有较高的净光合速率。说明‘冈优725’相比于其他3个品种在抽穗期具有更低的需水量,在灌浆期具有更高的生产潜力。 相似文献
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为了研究红叶石楠绿叶与红叶光合蒸腾特性存在的差异，通过测量红叶石楠2种不同颜色叶片的净光合速率(Pn)、蒸腾速率(Tr)、气孔导度(Gs)、胞间CO2浓度(Ci)，计算水分利用效率(WUE)和气孔限制值(L)等参数值，比较研究2种叶片的光合蒸腾特性，探讨二者对环境变化的适应性。结果表明：（1）红叶的光合作用比绿叶强，当光照强度较高时，绿叶出现“光合午休”现象（属于非气孔因子限制），而红叶未出现此现象；红叶Pn日均值较高，气体交换强于绿叶；（2）绿叶的Tr和Gs均比红叶弱，红叶的WUE始终低于绿叶，且两者的Gs存在显著差异。由此可见红叶石楠的红叶适应外界环境变化的调控机制没有绿叶强，同时抗旱能力也比绿叶弱。 相似文献
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花后渍水高温交互效应对冬小麦旗叶光合特性及产量的影响 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
渍水和高温是长江中下游麦区冬小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)生育中后期的主要气象灾害因子。2009—2011年连续2个生长季盆栽烟农19,在籽粒形成期(花后5~8 d)和乳熟期(花后15~18 d)分别设渍水(土表水层1 cm)、高温[昼(35±2)℃/夜(25±2)℃]和渍水+高温处理,探讨了渍水和高温双重胁迫对小麦开花后光合特性及产量的影响。结果表明,花后渍水、高温、渍水+高温逆境均显著降低旗叶净光合速率(Pn)、叶绿素含量(SPAD值)和气孔导度(Gs)和蒸腾速率(Tr),增加胞间CO2浓度(Ci);同时降低穗粒数、千粒重及产量,但对成穗数影响不显著。渍水和高温胁迫对旗叶光合作用的主要限制因素是非气孔因素。从产量平均相对受害率看,其影响为渍水+高温逆境(37.7%)>渍水逆境(21.1%)>高温逆境(17.6%),而胁迫时期的影响为籽粒形成期(30.8%)>乳熟期(20.1%)。渍水和高温的交互效应显著,且籽粒形成期逆境不良效应显著大于乳熟期。 相似文献
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乐东拟单性木兰光合、蒸腾及水分利用效率研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
运用Li-6400光合测定仪对乐东拟单性木兰的光合蒸腾特性进行了初步研究。结果表明：（1）乐东拟单性木兰的光补偿点为65.5μmol•m-2•s-1,光饱和点为1467μmol•m-2•s-1,表观量子效率为0.024;（2）乐东拟单性木兰在晴天条件下光合日变化为双峰曲线,分别在10和16时达到峰值,而在14时到达谷底,表现出午休现象。相关分析表明其影响因子主要是蒸腾速率、气孔导度和光合有效辐射;（3）乐东拟单性木兰蒸腾速率日变化近似单峰型,其主要影响因子为大气温度、叶面温度和光合有效辐射;（4）乐东拟单性木兰水分利用效率日变化为倒单峰型曲线变化。 相似文献
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Little is known of the relationship between hybrids and parental material with respect to water use and drought resistance. Responses of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench) F1 hybrids to moisture deficits are partially determined by parental material. The yield and water use of six sorghum hybrids and their respective male and female parents were evaluated under stressed and well irrigated conditions during 1980 and 1981 at Tucson, Arizona. The soil was Comoro loamy sand (coarse-loamy, mixed, calcareous, thermic typic Torrifluvent) with an average available soil moisture of 16 % at field capacity. Changes in soil moisture were monitored semi-weekly by neutron modulation. Meteorological data were collected daily. The 1980 season had higher maximum temperatures and pan evaporation than the 1981 season. Differences in cumulative water use among entries were apparent within the same water treatments during 1981. Mean cumulative evapotranspiration (ET) for the stressed treatment was 248 and 281 mm for 1980 and 1981, respectively, and ET under well irrigated conditions was 419 and 528 mm for 1980 and 1981, respectively. Hybrids produced greater grain yield than their parents under both water treatments. This was due to greater seed number for hybrids. Seed numbers were more stable for hybrids over both treatments than for parents. Hybrids four and seven had the greatest grain yield in 1980 and 1981, respectively, under stressed conditions. Water use efficiency (WUE) was significantly different within water treatments but was not so between the irrigated and stressed treatments. Hybrids WUE was generally greater than that of parents except for hybrid five under irrigated conditions in 1981. Hybrids with WUE and stable yields were not necessarily reflective of parental material under stressed and non-stressed environments. 相似文献
18.
以耐盐碱郑58和盐碱敏感昌7-2为亲本,构建包含151份F2:5重组自交系(RILs)群体。基于3K芯片对郑58、昌7-2及其F2:5家系进行基因型分析,构建了包含1407个SNP分子标记的高密度遗传连锁图谱。该图谱的各染色体标记数在84～191之间,标记间的平均距离为0.81 cM。胁迫液为200 mmol L–1 NaCl和100 mmol L–1 Na2CO3,对照液为蒸馏水或霍格兰营养液,对盐、碱胁迫和自然条件下玉米的发芽率(GP)、株高(PH)、植株干、鲜重(FW、DW)、幼苗组织含水量(TWS)、植株地上部分钠含量(SNC)、钾含量(SKC)、钠/钾含量比(NKR)、苗期耐盐率(STR)、耐碱率(ATR)10项指标,采用3种不同的作图方法同时定位研究,对加性QTL定位采用复合区间作图法(CIM)和完备区间作图法(ICIM),对加性QTL与环境互作联合分析采用混合线性模型的复合区间作图法(MCIM)。结果表明,(1)与对照条件下各性状表型值相比,耐碱相关性状的降低较耐盐相关性状明显,说明玉米对碱胁迫更加敏感和碱胁迫对玉米的伤害更严重。碱与盐胁迫下SKC相当而SNC差异较大,表明Na+、K+的吸收和运输是相互独立的两个过程,玉米盐、碱胁迫可能是两种性质不同的胁迫。(2)在自然、盐和碱胁迫条件下,运用CIM分别检测到27、28、40个加性QTL;运用ICIM分别检测到28、23、17个加性QTL;运用MCIM共检测到11个耐盐加性QTL、4个环境互作QTL以及11个耐碱加性QTL、3个环境互作QTL。(3)盐胁迫条件下的qPH-9、qSTR-8、qNKR-6、qNKR-7和碱胁迫条件下的qPH-9、qATR-3能被3种作图方法重复检测到。与前人结果比较, qPH-9、qSTR-8、qNKR-6、q-ATR-3定位在相同或邻近区域,qNKR-7尚未见报道。本研究结果为精细定位玉米耐盐碱主效基因、挖掘候选基因和开发用于标记辅助选择的实用功能标记奠定基础。 相似文献
19.
探究全膜覆土种植和施肥水平对半干旱区旱地苦荞土壤耗水特征和产量的影响,于2015—2017年连续3年进行定位试验,全膜覆土种植方式下,设置高量(N 120 kg hm-2+P2O590 kg hm-2+K2O 60 kg hm-2,HF)、中量(N 80 kg hm-2+P2O560 kg hm-2+K2O 40 kg hm-2,MF)、低量(N 40 kg hm-2+P2O530 kg hm-2+K2O 20 kg hm-2,LF)和零施肥(ZF),以传统露地种植不施肥为CK,共5个处理,以明确全膜覆土种植和施肥对半干旱区苦荞的耗水特性、产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明,苦荞全膜覆土种植后集雨保墒效果明显,能够改善土壤水分环境,增加花前贮水,LF能够根据不同降水年型和土壤水分状况调控苦荞花前花后土壤耗水,在干旱年LF较ZF、MF、HF、CK能够提高苦荞花后土壤贮水量2.8~23.5 mm,增加花前0~100 cm土层土壤剖面水分耗散量26.3~32.4 mm,增加生育期总耗水量44.5 mm,提高耗水模系数、耗水强度,显著增加成熟期干物质量1.2%~58.8%、灌浆期叶面积指数4.1%~68.5%,增加单株粒重1.6%~61.6%,提高籽粒饱满率0.6%~29.2%,增加生物量1.1%~182.5%,提高产量1.1%~130.4%,提高水分利用效率0.3%~102.7%。可见,旱地苦荞全膜覆土种植低量施肥处理贮水效果明显,能够达到水肥耦合作用,且能够根据降水等环境条件调控植株生育期耗水,显著提高苦荞生物产量、产量和水分利用效率,是适宜于半干旱区苦荞增产增效的栽培模式。 相似文献
20.
Water-use efficiency, leaf area and leaf gas exchange of cowpeas under mid-season drought 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
Ten cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. “Walp.”) genotypes were grown in a growth chamber under well-watered conditions up to early flowering and were then either subjected to water deficit or were continually well-watered. Water deficit was induced by withholding irrigation until the soil water potential was −75 kPa, which was then maintained for 10 days. Variation in water use efficiency (WUE), leaf area, specific leaf area (SLA), leaf area ratio (LAR) and leaf gas exchange (i.e. assimilation, transpiration, stomata conductance and internal CO2 concentration) in response to water deficit were investigated. Water deficit treatment reduced mean water use by 21%. This caused between 11 and more than 40% reduction of biomass across the genotypes. Reductions in biomass were due to decline in leaf gas exchange and leaf area during water deficit. Water deficit improved the WUE of two genotypes (IFH 27-8 and Lobia) by approximately 20%, but caused moderate to huge reductions in most genotypes. High relative water content (RWC) of leaves was maintained in some of the genotypes by stomata closure and a reduction of leaf area. Drought avoidance by maintaining high leaf water content was negatively associated with leaf area as well as SLA. High assimilation rate under water deficit was associated with high RWC. Decline in assimilation rate were due mainly to stomata closure, however, some evidence of non-stomatal regulation were also found. WUE and instantaneous water use efficiency (IWUE, a molar ratio of assimilation to transpiration) were not directly associated, but IWUE and leaf internal CO2 concentration (ci) were negatively related while ci was also moderately related with SLA. Overall, significant genotypic variations in leaf gas exchange parameters were found, which can give some indications of superiority when comparing cowpea genotypes for agronomic fitness under drought. The lack of relationship between WUE and IWUE was due to the instantaneous measurement of leaf gas exchange, which can be corrected by calculations to reflect the entire season. 相似文献