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1.
White lupin (Lupinus albus) and narrow-leafed lupin (L. angustifolius) have special interest as high-protein feed crops but their cultivation is limited by low grain yields. This study aimed to
support breeding programs targeting Italy or other climatically variable south-European regions by investigating within-species
adaptation patterns across contrasting Italian environments. An additional aim was comparing species for yielding ability.
Eight narrow-leafed and six white lupin cultivars featuring different origin, phenological type (Mediterranean in both species;
winter in white lupin; spring in narrow-leafed lupin) and plant architecture (determinate or indeterminate in both species;
tall or dwarf in white lupin) were evaluated in a Mediterranean and a subcontinental-climate site under autumn and late-winter
sowing. Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction was preferable to joint regression for modeling yield responses.
In both species, cross-over GE interaction was observed (P < 0.05), autumn-sown Mediterranean and subcontinental environments were the most-contrasting for GE effects, and widely adapted
material included cultivars of Mediterranean phenological type with indeterminate growth. Material with determinate growth
was not among the best-yielding entries in any environment, whereas a dwarf winter-type white lupin entry was specifically
adapted to autumn-sown subcontinental environments. White lupin displayed larger genetic variation than narrow-leafed lupin
for phenology and other traits. Relationships of morphophysiological traits with grain yield were environment-specific and
were locally high for some white lupin traits (early flowering, long reproductive phase, high aerial biomass, low proportion
of pod wall). White lupin exhibited higher yielding ability than narrow-leafed lupin in all environments but the late-winter
sown Mediterranean one, when comparing locally top-yielding cultivars. 相似文献
2.
White runner bean landraces are greatly appreciated in the North highlands of Spain due to their excellent culinary seed quality.
Runner bean cultivars are grown like pole beans. Diversity within a runner bean collection of 31 accessions from the Iberian
Peninsula (Spain and Portugal) was examined using morphological, agronomical and seed quality traits. Landraces showed significant
differences for most of the agronomical and seed quality traits studied except for seeds per pod, water absorption, seed coat
tenderness and floury texture. Runner bean landraces showed sufficient variability to select inbred lines for future breeding.
Genotype × environment interaction was significant for days to first flowering, days to first dry pod, seeds per pod and seed
length. The majority of physical and nutritional seed quality traits studied which are important to determine the commercial
value of a variety were not subject to environmental influences. Different selection pressures affecting to the runner bean
genetic material could have occurred in several regions of the Iberian Peninsula. Extra-large and high yielding runner bean
germplasm was identified and represents a valuable source of genetic diversity that has potential for development of improved
cultivars to be chosen for commercialisation.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
3.
Jutta Krüger 《Euphytica》1994,77(1-2):1-6
Fifty-six populations of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) were grown in Pontevedra (Northwestern Spain) in four different environments in order to study their genetic diversity in 18 agronomical traits. All characters showed significant differences among populations, and most of them had significant genotype-environment interactions. Broad-sense heritability for this pool of characters ranged from 0.87 (seed length) to 0.12 (seed yield). Sixteen populations which deserve special attention because of their breeding value for earliness, yield, pod and seed size have been identified. 相似文献
4.
The reduced pod shattering gene tardus is one of the most important domestication genes in narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.). In development of a molecular marker linked to the tardus gene, we incorporated the concept of marker validation during the initial candidate marker identification stage. Four dominant
microsatellite-anchored fragment length polymorphism (MFLP) markers were identified as candidate markers based on their banding
patterns in an F8 recombination inbred line (RIL) population. One specific marker best correlating with phenotypes in the representative germplasm
was selected and converted to a simple PCR-based marker. This established marker, designated as “TaLi”, is located at a distance
of 1.4 cM from the tardus gene. DNA sequencing revealed six insertion/deletion sites between the non-shattering marker allele and the shattering marker
allele. Validation of marker TaLi on 25 domesticated commercial cultivars and 125 accessions of the lupin core collection
found a 94% marker and tardus phenotype match. Marker TaLi is the first simple PCR-based marker that can be widely used for non-shattering pod selection
in narrow-leafed lupin breeding program. 相似文献
5.
Nabicol (B. napus L. var. pabularia) is a traditional crop in the Northwest of Iberian Peninsula (South of Galicia and North of Portugal) where it is grown during the winter season on small farms and gardens using traditional varieties. A collection of 36 populations of nabicol from Galicia (northwestern Spain) was evaluated during 2002 and 2003 in two locations and two growing seasons (spring/summer and autumn/spring) for 28 agronomic and morphological traits. The objectives of this study were to: (i) evaluate a collection of nabicol landraces from northwestern Spain, (ii) determine the suitability of this germplasm as a summer crop and (iii) study the genetic diversity among local populations. Significant differences were observed among populations for most traits. Genotype × environment interaction was significant for most of them. Spring/summer growing season could be recommended for growing nabicol but resistance to Lepidoptera pests attacking Brassica crops should be improved. Most populations had an agronomic value similar to the commercial variety. The most promising variety for horticultural use was MBG-BRS0063, which showed the highest yield. Morphological and agronomic data were subjected to cluster analysis and four groups were defined with a group clustering most populations. The low genetic diversity could be explained because populations were collected in close geographical areas and the selection made by farmers was always for a horticultural use. These results give information about the diversity and breeding value of the nabicol Spanish germplasm, which could be useful in breeding programs. 相似文献
6.
The present study was conducted toinvestigate the genetic inheritance of podcomponents in spring-sown white lupin. Ananalysis of the genetic parameters ofproportion of pod walls and related podcomponents should be helpful to define aselection strategy in the future lupinbreeding programs. Two mating designs wereused, a complete diallel, and a halfdiallel, without reciprocals and withoutselfing. The parental lines covered therange of genetic variation for theproportion of the pod walls available inthe white lupin collection from INRA,France. Diallel analyses were carried outvia Griffing (model I and II) andHayman methods. Proportion of pod walls,seed weight per pod and mean seed weightshowed a mainly additive inheritance.Narrow sense heritability was higher forthe proportion of pod walls than for theother pod components. The correlationbetween general combining ability (GCA) andparental phenotypic values was high forproportion of pod walls. This suggestedthat mean parental performance could be auseful indicator of mean cross performancefor the proportion of pod walls in whitelupin. For pure line breeding, theestimates of GCA values showed thatEgyptian accessions would be valuableparents. Breeding for reduced proportion ofpod walls may be a way of improving seedyield. 相似文献
7.
Morphological variation in Astragalus hamosus L. and Coronilla scorpioides L. populations of Tunisia
Morphological variation between Astragalus hamosus and Coronillascorpioides populations was studied using local germoplasm collected in northern and central Tunisia. Twenty-one morphological traits
were recorded and data were analysed using complementary statistical analysis. Considerable variation based on morphological
and agronomical traits was found between populations and for both species. Pod and peduncle lengths as well as flowers number
were the most discriminant variables between populations. Differences were also found for variables like seed number per pod,
seed yield and dry matter production. Significant correlations were found between plant traits and the environmental parameters
of the origin sites. This study revealed enough variation among populations to initiate a selection programme for pasture
improvement in arid and semi-arid areas of Tunisia, where the two species are well adapted.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
8.
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important food in the northwest of Spain where it is consumed as either green pods or dry seeds after cooking. Quality properties play a major role in cultivar acceptance by processors and consumers. To determine if sufficient variation in important culinary and nutritional traits exists within common bean, fifty-nine populations (plus five commercial cultivars) were grown in the northwest of the Iberian Peninsula in three different environments and evaluated for sixteen fresh pod and dry seed quality traits. Populations showed significant differences for pod curvature, length/width and width/thickness ratios of pod and seed, pod and seed texture, volume, hardness, seed coat percentage and water absorption of seed, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, toal sugars and starch content. Genotype × environment interaction was significant for fresh pod traits such as curvature, length/width and width/thickness ratios, and texture, and for dry seed traits such as length/width and width/thickness ratios, volume, hardness and water absorption. Estimates of heritabilities and constancies (genotypic/environmental variance) were higher than 0.5 and 1.0 respectively for pod curvature, length/width and width/thickness ratios of pod and seed, seed volume and seed water absorption. There were high correlations of pod texture with seed length/width and width-thickness ratios, seed coat percentage, seed water absorption, crude fat, total sugars, starch content and crude fiber. Pod texture could be used as an important parameter for evaluating both seed culinary and nutritional quality. In addition, 17 populations showed promise as parental material in a breeding program for pod and seed culinary quality and protein content. The culinary and nutritional quality potential of the accessions such as PHA-0171, PHA-0253 and PHA-0257 which are known as Alubias de riñón could be the base material in a breeding program to obtain accessions with a good seed quality. 相似文献
9.
Guillermo Padilla María Elena Cartea Víctor Manuel Rodríguez Amando Ordás 《Euphytica》2005,145(1-2):171-180
In Galicia (northwestern Spain), Brassica rapa subsp. rapa L. includes turnips, turnip greens, and turnip tops. The objectives of this study are (i) to determine the genetic diversity
and morphological resemblances among the B. rapa landraces of northwestern Spain in order to have information relative to the resources preserved, and (ii) to evaluate their
agronomic characteristics, considering the three potential products that can be harvested. A collection of 120 landraces was
evaluated for 34 morphological and agronomical traits by an augmented design at two locations. Two landraces were the most
promising for turnips production (MBG-BRS0183 and MBG-BRS0256), two showed the best characteristics for turnip greens (MBG-BRS0082
and MBG-BRS0184), and three were the most appropriate landraces for turnip tops production (MBG-BRS0143, MBG-BRS0173 and MBG-BRS0401).
Landraces were classified into five clusters (A–E) using the Ward–MLM (Modified Location Model) strategy: (A) included plants
with the worst agronomic potential, (B) included most of the turnip populations with rosette growth habit, (C) included turnip
populations without rosette growth habit, having more vigorous plants than cluster B, (D) gathered the most vigorous local
varieties, with the highest early vigor, fresh matter content per leaf, and number of secondary stems per plant, and (E) landraces
characterized by their earliness, large flowering periods, high numbers of secondary stems, and large seed weights. As conclusion,
landraces evaluated in this work displayed enough variability to differentiate among appropriate populations for each one
of the distinct crops. Their classification, using the Ward–MLM strategy, grouped accessions with similar characteristics
into homogeneous categories. 相似文献
10.
A Fusarium sp. root pathogen of lupin is the causal agent of the most important disease that affects the cultivation of white lupin
(Lupinus albus L.) in Egypt. The aim of our research was to investigate whether host resistance to Fusariumroot disease was available in Egyptian landraces ofLupinus albus. Five Fusarium isolates collected from white lupin samples in Egypt were tested with an Egyptian landrace and a French cultivar. The most
aggressive isolate was used to screen an additional 15 Egyptian landraces, two cultivars released in Egypt after selection
among landraces, one Polish cultivar, and two French cultivars. The assessment of host response to Fusarium was performed in a field, and under controlled conditions in a greenhouse pot experiment. Most landraces and the two Egyptian
cultivars showed better resistance with good accordance between field and pot experiment. This experiment showed that Egyptian
genetic resources of white lupin possess partial resistance to Fusarium root rot. Egyptian germplasm may be an alternative genetic source for incorporating partial resistance to Fusarium root rot into the breeding pools.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
11.
Summary The larva of the bean pod weevil (BPW), Apion godmani Wagner (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), causes serious yield losses in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Mexico and Central America, by consuming the seed as it develops in the immature pod. Resistance to the BPW was identified in bean germplasm of highland Mexican origin, and these sources of resistance were incorporated into a pedigree breeding program to recover locally adapted lines resistant to Bean Common Mosaic Virus and BPW, with commercial grain for Guatemala, Honduras and El Salvador. These lines yielded as well as or better than local cultivars in the absence of the insect, and better than local cultivars when the BPW was present. Resistance appeared to be governed by several genes, and was stable across geographic areas, seasons and planting systems. 相似文献
12.
Chickpea, Cicer arietinum L., is a staple protein source in many Asian and Middle Eastern countries. Hence, the mineral content of its seed, especially that of calcium, is of nutritional importance. Calcium is transported through plants and to legume pods almost exclusively via the xylem stream, with Ca accretion in developing seeds resulting primarily from diffusion of Ca from the adjoining pod wall. Thus, for seeds of differing surface‐to‐mass ratios, Ca concentration is expected to correlate inversely with seed weight. The relationship between seed weight and Ca concentration in chickpea seeds was studied using a range of germplasm and derivatives from crosses between types differing in seed Ca concentration. Among the cultivars tested, low seed mass was associated with high Ca concentration. However, the study of hybrid progeny indicated that seed Ca content was mainly determined by genetic factors other than grain weight genes. This finding may assist in future breeding of high nutritional quality chickpea cultivars. 相似文献
13.
K. B. Saxena L. Singh M. V. Reddy U. Singh S. S. Lateef S. B. Sharma P. Remanandan 《Euphytica》1990,49(3):185-191
Summary
Atylosia scarabaeoides (L.) Benth., a wild relative of pigeonpea, possesses several useful genes which can be utilized for pigeonpea improvement. In the present study, 33 accessions of A. scarabaeoides were evaluated at ICRISAT Center during the 1987 rainy season for variation in some useful traits to identify parents for inter-generic hybridization. A large variation was observed for leaf components, seed size, pod length, seeds/pod, days to flowering, seed protein, sulphur amino acids, resistance to cyst nematode, phytophthora blight, sterility mosaic, fusarium wilt, pod borer, pod fly, and pod wasp. Only four accessions were found to have more than 28% protein content. Methionine and cystine contents were marginally higher than in pigeonpea but the variation was not large enough to utilize them in the breeding program. In A. scarabaeoides. accessions resistant to fusarium wilt, phytophthora blight, sterility mosaic, and cyst nematode were detected. Compared to pigeonpea, the A. scarabaeoides accessions were less susceptible to lepidopteran borer and were immune to pod fly damage. Accessions ICPW 89 and ICPW 111 in short- (100–120 days), and ICPW 94 and ICPW 118 in medium-duration (140–180 days) were identified as potential parents for use in inter-generic hybridization.ICRISAT Journal Article No. 967 相似文献
14.
European flint maize (Zea mays L.)cannot be considered an uniform group of germplasm based on its origin and area of adaptation. However, maize breeders
have not taken full advantage of the variability within the European flint germplasm. The objective of this work was to study
the heterotic relationships among European maize inbreds from different origins. Nine European flint inbreds were crossed
in a diallel that was evaluated in three environments in northwestern Spain. The variability within the European flint germplasm
and the agronomic value of some inbreds could be utilized for maize breeding programs as an alternative to the systematic
introduction of U.S. dent germplasm that is narrowing the germplasm base of breeding programs even in places where it is poorly
adapted. Some European flint inbreds may also be valuable sources of earliness (F7 and EP42), resistance to root lodging (EA1070),
and yield (EP42).These results suggest that, within the European flint germplasm, there could be some heterotic patterns,
such as ‘north-central Europe × southern Europe’, which could provide an alternative to the heterotic pattern ‘European flint
× U.S. dent’.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
15.
Robert J. Lebowitz 《Euphytica》1989,43(1-2):113-116
Summary The repeatabilities of six traits; peduncle, pod, beak, and total siliqua length, seed number/siliqua and seed mass/siliqua were estimated for the random-mating CrGC-1 Brassica campestris L. population. All length measurements were made using a fast digital image analysis technique. Beak, pod, and total siliqua length showed the highest repeatabilities of all six traits (0.73, 0.63, and 0.63, respectively). Both pod and total siliqua length were highly correlated with both seed number and seed mass/siliqua. These results suggest that these siliqua-related morphological traits could be used as indirect indices of selection in breeding for improved seed yields in Brassica campestris L. 相似文献
16.
The proportion of pod walls is considered as a potential selection criterion for seed yield in white lupin. It has a negative and highly significant phenotypic relationship with the seed yield and the genetic correlation between both traits is negative and high. The present study over 2 years (1996 and 1998) evaluated the genetic variation of proportion of pod walls in a set of 325 spring‐sown white lupin accessions originating from 17 different countries. Wide ranges of variation for this trait and other pod components were observed. This variation has a geographical distribution. Egyptian ecotypes had the lowest proportions of pod walls while the Greek and Italian ecotypes had the highest. The between‐country range of variation for the proportion of pod walls, was lower than the within‐country range (0.25‐0.31 and 0.21‐0.36, respectively) and the within‐country variance accounted for 51% of the total genetic variation. The broad‐sense heritabilities of pod wall proportion and proportion of pod walls for one full locule were moderate (0.44 and 0.57, respectively), which indicates that the proportion of pod walls can be used in breeding. 相似文献
17.
花生种质资源主要数量性状的遗传多样性和相关性分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了有效地利用花生种质资源,给新品种选育提供有力的数据支持,以46份花生种质资源为试验材料,对主茎高、主茎节数、第一侧枝长、第一分枝数、总分枝数、有效枝长等主要数量性状进行了遗传多样性分析和相关性分析。结果表明：花生种质在植物学性状上拥有丰富的遗传多样性,变异系数在11.19%~82.41%之间,多样性指数在0.3095~2.0468之间,平均数为1.6805,但两者的变化趋势相反。从相关分析结果来看,主茎高和主茎节数、侧枝长、单株生产力,第二次分枝数与总分枝数,单株结果数与单株生产力,叶片长与叶片宽,荚果长与荚果宽、种子长、百果重,荚果宽与种子长、种子宽、百果重,种子长与种子宽、百果重,种子宽与百果重,百果重与单株生产力,它们之间呈显著或极显著正相关,测得相关性极显著的一对表型性状中的一个就可以描述另一个性状。 相似文献
18.
Ana Paula Rodiño Josefina Hernández-Nistal Maria Hermida Marta Santalla Antonio M. De Ron 《Euphytica》2009,166(1):95-107
The pea crop (Pisum sativum L.) is a convenient source of plant protein for animal feeding. The objective of this research was to evaluate field pea
breeding lines for agronomic performance and seed quality focussed to their use in a sustainable production. Thirty-five field
pea breeding lines and six elite cultivars were evaluated for their agronomic value in field in Spain upon 20 traits related
to flower, cycle, plant architecture, productivity and seed quality. The lines showed significant differences in all the quantitative
traits evaluated and three of them, namely MB-0307, MB-0308, and MB-0319 were chosen to be evaluated, together with the advanced
cultivar ZP-1233, in field and in growing chamber for agronomic performance, seed quality and ability for sustainable production.
The four accessions displayed high seed protein content that had significant effect of cropping density with averages of 253.6 g kg−1 under low cropping density of 60 plants m−2 and 259.1 g kg−1 under high cropping density of 90 plants m−2, therefore, the low cropping density should be regarded as the most convenient. Average yield of the lines MB-0307, MB-0308
and MB-0319 and the cultivar ZP-1233 was fair (197.5 g m−2), probably due to the absence of fertilizers and irrigation, aiming for the sustainability of the crop. Intercropping with
rye and herbicide application resulted in no differences on the seed yield; therefore, the ability of the breeding lines to
grow without herbicide seems to be demonstrated, while the germination of the seeds at low temperature was very good. These
results indicate that field pea could be a new protein crop in the North of Spain to satisfy the demand of plant protein for
animal feed, based upon adapted breeding lines that combine the ability for growing under sustainable conditions with other
desirable agronomic traits maintaining an adequate productivity. 相似文献
19.
J. C. Clements A. V. Zvyagin K. K. M. B. D. Silva T. Wanner D. D. Sampson W. A. Cowling 《Plant Breeding》2004,123(3):266-270
Hull thickness is an important component of seed quality, which effects dehulling ability, feed or food nutritional aspects and cooking times. A breeding objective in Lupinus angustifolius crop improvement is to reduce hull thickness and a rapid screening method is needed to efficiently screen genotypes. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging using infrared illumination at 980 nm was used to compare hull thickness of genotypes of four lupin species. OCT‐derived hull layer thickness correlated highly with actual hull thickness determined by environmental scanning electron microscopy (r = 0.90) and allowed reliable distinction between mutant (thin‐hulled) and parent genotypes of L. angustifolius. The imaging could clearly penetrate lupin seed to a depth of approximately 200 μm. The use of OCT to measure hull thickness has the advantage that it is rapid and non‐destructive and should be very useful in selecting thin hull lines of lupins and other species on a single seed basis in germplasm or progeny from crosses. 相似文献
20.
Breeding programmes in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) have mainly focused on performance under monoculture conditions. Interactions among cultivars and cropping systems do
occur and genotypes bred for pure cropping may not be suitable for intercropping. This study was undertaken to obtain estimates
of genetic parameters of quality traits for bush bean landraces grown in two cropping systems, and the interrelationships
of these traits between pure cropping and intercropping with maize (Zea mays L.). Field experiments were conducted at two locations for two years. Expression of most traits was not strongly influenced
by genotype × environment interactions. Heritability estimates were similar in both cropping systems for most pod and seed
quality traits. Positive correlations were observed between pure cropping and intercropping for pod characters (weight, length,
width and texture) and seed characters (dry and imbided weight, length, hardness, coat proportion, water absorption and crude
protein). Use of a selection index is suggested for breeding for seed size, water absorption,coat proportion and crude protein
for both cropping systems. However, larger gains would be expected in pure cropping for most traits. Bean accessions PHA-0267,
PHA-0285, PHA-0286 and PHA-0299 should be used for developing acceptable culinary and high protein breeding lines for either
cropping system.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献