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1.
Dynamics of the accumulation of total ash and zinc, and their relationships with total dry matter, crude proteins and phytic acid during maize grain maturation were investigated. The investigation was carried out on normal maize hybrids grown under the same topographical and agrotechnical conditions over two consecutive vegetation years.
The amount of total ash, expressed on fresh and dry matter bases, changed significantly (P = 0.05 and P = 0.01) during grain maturation depending on maturity stage and variety. The dynamics of the accumulation of ash in fresh grain matter during maturation as well as the ash amount in dry matter of mature grains were significantly affected by environmental conditions.
The accumulation of zinc in fresh matter of developing grain was significantly affected (P = 0.05 and P = 0.01) by the degree of grain maturity and by variety, and correlates significantly (P = 0.001) and positively with the deposition of total dry matter, crude proteins as well as with phytic acid in both vegetation years.
The molar ratio of phytic acid and zinc increased significantly during grain maturation indicating a possible decrease of zinc availability. 相似文献
The amount of total ash, expressed on fresh and dry matter bases, changed significantly (P = 0.05 and P = 0.01) during grain maturation depending on maturity stage and variety. The dynamics of the accumulation of ash in fresh grain matter during maturation as well as the ash amount in dry matter of mature grains were significantly affected by environmental conditions.
The accumulation of zinc in fresh matter of developing grain was significantly affected (P = 0.05 and P = 0.01) by the degree of grain maturity and by variety, and correlates significantly (P = 0.001) and positively with the deposition of total dry matter, crude proteins as well as with phytic acid in both vegetation years.
The molar ratio of phytic acid and zinc increased significantly during grain maturation indicating a possible decrease of zinc availability. 相似文献
2.
The changes in the amounts of dry matter, total nitrogen and methionine during maturation of normal maize hybrids grown under the same topographical and agrotechnical conditions on two consecutive vegetation years were examined.
Total nitrogen was determined by Kjeldahl's method and methionine spectrophotometrically from papain hydrolysate by the method of McCarthy and Sullivan. Analysis of variance was applied to assess the significance of the changes in particular components during grain maturation.
A significant increase (p = 0.01) in amounts of the all investigated components in original grain matter up until a late stage of dough maturity in both vegetation years was determined. The increase was mostly expressed by the end of milky maturity. The correlation between these components during maturation is positive and highly significant (p = 0.001). The methionine content in dry matter attained in stage of milky maturation the value being characteristic for mature grain. On a total-proteins basis, the methionine content is significantly the least (p = 0.01) at the early stage of milky maturation and increases up until dough maturity reaching a value that does not significantly differ from the value in full maturity of grain. 相似文献
Total nitrogen was determined by Kjeldahl's method and methionine spectrophotometrically from papain hydrolysate by the method of McCarthy and Sullivan. Analysis of variance was applied to assess the significance of the changes in particular components during grain maturation.
A significant increase (p = 0.01) in amounts of the all investigated components in original grain matter up until a late stage of dough maturity in both vegetation years was determined. The increase was mostly expressed by the end of milky maturity. The correlation between these components during maturation is positive and highly significant (p = 0.001). The methionine content in dry matter attained in stage of milky maturation the value being characteristic for mature grain. On a total-proteins basis, the methionine content is significantly the least (p = 0.01) at the early stage of milky maturation and increases up until dough maturity reaching a value that does not significantly differ from the value in full maturity of grain. 相似文献
3.
Correlation between lysine, tryptophan and prolamine contents during maturation of the maize kernel
Changes in the contents of total nitrogen, prolamine, tryptophan and protein bound lysine, and the relative nutritive quality of proteins were studied during the maturation of three normal maize varieties, grown under the same topographical and agrotechnical conditions, in two successive crop years.
Total nitrogen was determined according to Kjeldahl's method, prolamine by the turbidity test, lysine by Carpenter's method and tryptophan was assessed fluorometrically.
A significant decrease (p = 0.01) in total nitrogen, tryptophan and bound lysine content in the dry grain matter was found in the late milk and early dough ripeness stages of the maize kernel. Parallel with the decrease in these components, the relative nutritive quality of proteins also decreased during maturation. Prolamine, which was present in the early milk stage in low quantities, increased significantly (p = 0.01) with kernel maturity, reaching the highest level in the early dough ripeness stage. During further kernel maturation no significant changes in the components studied were observed. The correlation coefficients between the contents of prolamine and total nitrogen, lysine and tryptophan, during the ripening of maize kernel were highly significant (p = 0.001): -0.891, -0.938, -0.856, respectively in the first crop year and –0.844, -0.833, -0.867, respectively in the second crop year. 相似文献
Changes in the contents of total nitrogen, prolamine, tryptophan and protein bound lysine, and the relative nutritive quality of proteins were studied during the maturation of three normal maize varieties, grown under the same topographical and agrotechnical conditions, in two successive crop years.
Total nitrogen was determined according to Kjeldahl's method, prolamine by the turbidity test, lysine by Carpenter's method and tryptophan was assessed fluorometrically.
A significant decrease (p = 0.01) in total nitrogen, tryptophan and bound lysine content in the dry grain matter was found in the late milk and early dough ripeness stages of the maize kernel. Parallel with the decrease in these components, the relative nutritive quality of proteins also decreased during maturation. Prolamine, which was present in the early milk stage in low quantities, increased significantly (p = 0.01) with kernel maturity, reaching the highest level in the early dough ripeness stage. During further kernel maturation no significant changes in the components studied were observed. The correlation coefficients between the contents of prolamine and total nitrogen, lysine and tryptophan, during the ripening of maize kernel were highly significant (p = 0.001): -0.891, -0.938, -0.856, respectively in the first crop year and –0.844, -0.833, -0.867, respectively in the second crop year. 相似文献
4.
为明确不同类型青贮玉米在临沂地区最佳种植密度,设置了4个密度梯度（60 000、75 000、90 000、105 000株/hm 2）,研究种植密度对专用型青贮玉米雅玉8号和粮饲兼用型玉米登海605饲用产量和营养价值的影响。结果表明：密度对不同类型青贮玉米鲜草、干草产量影响显著,密度增加,青贮玉米鲜草产量和干草产量均先增加后减少,在密度75 000株/hm 2时均获得最高鲜草、干草产量。密度对不同类型青贮玉米粗脂肪、粗灰分、酸性洗涤纤维含量和子粒产量、粗蛋白产量、粗脂肪产量、可消化干物质、相对饲喂价值、无氮浸出物含量和总能量影响显著,密度增加,雅玉8号粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量和可消化干物质、干物质采食量、相对饲喂价值和无氮浸出物含量下降,粗灰分、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量呈上升趋势,子粒产量、粗蛋白、粗脂肪产量和总能量先增加后减少,在密度75 000株/hm 2均获得最高子粒、粗蛋白、粗脂肪产量。从饲料总能量来说,专用型青贮玉米雅玉8号和粮饲兼用型玉米登海605在山东临沂地区饲用的最佳种植密度均为75 000株/hm 2。 相似文献
5.
The accumulation of phytic acid with relation to the deposition of the protein component in grain during maturation of three maize varieties grown under the same topographical and agrotechnical conditions over 2 crop years was investigated.
Phytic acid was determined by the spectrophotometric method of M ohamed et al. (1986).
Phytic acid content increased significantly (P = 0.05) up until the late stage of dough grain maturity. Afterwards, until full grain maturity, no significant changes of phytic acid content have been obtained. At the same time, changes of phytic acid content expressed on a dry matter basis correlate highly significantly (P = 0.001) and negatively with total nitrogen in both vegetation years (r = -0.848 and r = -0.845) and alpha-aminonitrogen content (r=-0.799 and r = -0.792), but highly significantly (P = 0.001) and positively with prolamine content (r = 0.823 and 0.654). Grain maturation under conditions of increased moisture and lower temperature resulted in lower phytic acid level. 相似文献
Phytic acid was determined by the spectrophotometric method of M ohamed et al. (1986).
Phytic acid content increased significantly (P = 0.05) up until the late stage of dough grain maturity. Afterwards, until full grain maturity, no significant changes of phytic acid content have been obtained. At the same time, changes of phytic acid content expressed on a dry matter basis correlate highly significantly (P = 0.001) and negatively with total nitrogen in both vegetation years (r = -0.848 and r = -0.845) and alpha-aminonitrogen content (r=-0.799 and r = -0.792), but highly significantly (P = 0.001) and positively with prolamine content (r = 0.823 and 0.654). Grain maturation under conditions of increased moisture and lower temperature resulted in lower phytic acid level. 相似文献
6.
针对松嫩平原西部半干旱区施肥方式单一、养分管理失衡等限制玉米丰产优质高效的问题,以先玉335为材料,设置5个喷施硅肥处理,分别为0（LCK）、4（LS1）、8（LS2）、12（LS3）和16g/L（LS4）,研究叶面喷施不同浓度硅肥对玉米干物质积累和转运及籽粒产量品质的影响。结果表明,喷施硅肥对植株干物质积累均有促进作用,其中LS3与LCK相比,显著增加花前营养体干物质转运量267.00kg/hm2,且2年的产量均最高（11 485.68和12 331.69kg/hm2）。随硅肥浓度的增加,玉米籽粒粗淀粉、粗蛋白、果糖、氮和钾含量显著增加,较LCK的增幅分别为1.88%~2.56%、5.64%~8.22%、20.00%~41.18%、6.56%~8.56%和11.57%~38.84%。综上所述,叶面喷施8和12g/L硅肥可实现玉米产量和品质的协同提高,可作为松嫩平原西部半干旱区叶面硅肥施用的最佳水平。 相似文献
7.
种植密度、氮肥和水分胁迫对玉米产量形成的影响 总被引：21，自引：1，他引：20
为阐明种植密度、氮肥和水分胁迫对不同玉米品种产量形成的影响,选用6个玉米品种,在两种密度(45 000株 hm-2和75 000株 hm-2)、两种施氮水平(纯氮112.5 kg hm-2和337.5 kg hm-2)和两种水分(前期干旱控水和正常灌水)处理下进行大田试验,调查玉米源库性状的主要生理参数和籽粒产量。结果表明,在环境压力较小时(低密度、高氮和正常灌水),玉米品种间籽粒产量、源性状(叶面积指数、穗位叶净光合速率和群体源供应能力)、库性状(群体库容量)、源库协调性状(群体库源比值、籽粒灌浆速率和收获指数)以及成熟期干物质积累量和吐丝期至成熟期干物质积累量差异较小,而逆境胁迫下(高密度、低氮和干旱),差异较大。环境压力较大时(高密度、低氮和干旱),叶面积指数、群体源供应能力、成熟期干物质积累量、吐丝期至成熟期干物质积累量、群体库容量和收获指数与籽粒产量呈显著或极显著正相关。由此说明,在玉米品种产量改良中要强化逆境人工选择,以适应自然选择,改善玉米品种逆境下的群体源库性状,增强吐丝期至成熟期叶片的光合生产效率,强源促库,提高逆境下的生产能力和适应性。 相似文献
8.
9.
不同水稻品种干物质积累与产量性状的相关研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探讨黑龙江省南部稻区不同水稻品种干物质积累与产量性状的相互关系,选用了该稻区不同时期主栽的6个品种为试验材料,通过田间小区对比试验进行研究,结果表明：不同水稻品种干物质积累总的趋势是前期低、后期高、中期次之;不同水稻品种抽穗前、抽穗后干物质积累量比例不同,抽穗后干物质积累量明显高于抽穗前干物质积累量;干物质积累量由高到低的品种为‘松粳9号’、‘松粳3号’、‘松粳2号’、‘松粳6号’、‘五优稻1号’、‘藤系138’;产量由高到低的品种为‘松粳9号’、‘松粳3号’、‘松粳6号’、‘松粳2号’、‘五优稻1号’、‘藤系138’;拔节至齐穗期和齐穗至成熟期干物质积累量与产量呈显著正相关;抽穗前干物质积累量与每穗粒数、千粒重呈极显著正相关;抽穗后干物质积累量与产量呈显著正相关;总干物质积累量与产量呈极显著正相关;成穗率与产量呈极显著正相关,结实率与产量呈显著正相关。合理提高拔节至成熟期干物质积累量有利于提高本稻区水稻产量。 相似文献
10.
玉米群体根系活力与物质积累及产量的关系 总被引：22，自引：2，他引：20
以玉米中熟种苏玉9号为材料,通过施氮量和种植密度处理,研究群体根系伤流强度动态和节根组成与物质积累、产量构成的关系。结果表明：玉米群体气生根数与节根量、灌浆结实期根系伤流强度、总粒数、抽丝后干物质积累量及产量呈正相关。生育过程中抽丝期的群体根系伤流量强度与抽丝后干物质积累量、总干物质积累量及籽粒产量 相似文献
11.
以常规杂交粳稻常优3号和籼粳杂交超级稻甬优12为材料,通过叶面施肥分析了油菜素甾醇(BRs)对2个杂交粳稻灌浆期剑叶光合特性、群体干物质积累、氮素吸收利用、非结构性碳水化合物(NSC)积累和植株不同器官NSC/N的影响。结果表明,BRs对2个水稻叶片光合生理指标的影响表现为Gs>Tr>Pn>Ci。喷施2,4-表油菜素内酯(eBL)后能够增强灌浆期叶片净光合速率和蒸腾速率,维持叶绿素含量和胞间CO2浓度,从而提升叶片光合能力;以及增加群体干物质、氮素和NSC积累量以及干物质积累比例和积累速率、氮素吸收比例和吸收速率、NSC转运比例和转运速率,但降低了氮素干物质生产效率;喷施油菜素吡咯(Brz)后的上述生理效应相反。eBL提升了2个水稻品种花后干物质、NSC和氮素的转移量及氮素对籽粒贡献率,降低了干物质和NSC对籽粒贡献率;Brz则降低了干物质、NSC及氮素的转移量和转移率,提升了干物质和NSC对籽粒贡献率。2个杂交粳稻整个灌浆期地上部不同器官NSC、氮素转运量均表现为eBL>CK>Brz,籽粒灌浆前期>籽粒灌浆后期。2个水稻品种地上部不同器官NSC/N随着籽粒的不断充实呈现上升趋势,其中茎鞘、穗部NSC/N变化最为显著;eBL减小了叶片和茎鞘中的NSC/N,Brz则反之,但喷施BRs后穗部变化规律不明显。籼粳杂交超级稻甬优12比常规杂交粳稻常优3号具有更强的剑叶光合速率,更高的干物质和氮素及NSC积累量,更大的灌浆前期NSC和氮素转运量,最终籽粒实际产量较常优3号增加5.03%~9.32%;eBL对2个水稻品种干物质和氮素积累及NSC转运作用规律不一,Brz对甬优12干物质、氮素积累及NSC转运抑制效应大于常优3号。
12.
为了探讨山西北部地区推广种植的春玉米品种整株干物质与氮、磷养分积累分配特点,制定适宜该地高产栽培管理措施。2014-2015年在大田条件下以垦沃2号(KW2)、KWS9384(KWS9384)和晋单32号(JD32)为试验材料,研究了春玉米干物质与氮、磷养分积累分配特点。结果表明,KW2在生育期内每株干物质、氮、磷积累量分别为432.95,4.90,5.21 g,均明显高于KWS9384和JD32。其中,较KWS9384分别高15.11%,11.36%和10.15%,较JD32分别高17.55%,27.94%和28.96%;KW2的籽粒产量、整株干物质及氮、磷养分积累量在整个生育期内均明显高于KWS9384和JD32,收获指数三者间无显著差异;KW2籽粒及根系中氮、磷的干物质分配比例高于KWS9384和JD32,因而,其具有更高的矿质元素吸收效率和偏生产力。综合分析认为,在参试的3个春玉米品种中,KW2最适合在密植条件(6.75万株/hm2)下高水肥种植和推广。 相似文献
13.
玉米生产上3个主推品种光合特性、干物质积累转运及灌浆特性 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
以当前玉米生产主推品种郑单958、先玉335和京科968为试验材料, 考察其光合特性、干物质积累与转运及籽粒灌浆特性, 以揭示高产玉米品种的产量形成特性, 为玉米高产生产提供依据。结果表明: (1)产量以京科968最高、先玉335次之、郑单958最低, 京科968分别较郑单958和先玉335高14.55%和7.93%。(2)穗位叶净光合速率和冠层光合能力表现为京科968>先玉335>郑单958, 且吐丝期>乳熟期。京科968吐丝期和乳熟期的穗位叶净光合速率分别比先玉335高7.84%和16.78%, 比郑单958高22.23%和24.44%; 冠层光合能力分别较先玉335高38.77%和58.41%, 较郑单958高50.83%和56.49%。(3)花后干物质积累量、转移量、干物质转运率和干物质转运对籽粒贡献率均以京科968最高, 分别比先玉335高13.72%、21.20%、6.32%和4.77%, 比郑单958高31.87%、39.96%、18.49%和10.42%。(4)籽粒灌浆参数在不同品种间存在较大差异, 京科968与先玉335的平均灌浆速率(0.73和0.75 g 100-grain-1 d-1)相当, 且均高于郑单958 (0.67 g 100-grain-1 d-1); 活跃灌浆期以郑单958 (53.69 d)最长、京科968 (51.02 d)次之、先玉335 (48.95 d)最短。(5)相关分析表明, 产量与净光合速率显著正相关, 与花后干物质积累量及转运率极显著正相关。京科968具有较高的光合效率、花后干物质积累量及转运率、灌浆速率及较长的灌浆持续期, 是较郑单958和先玉335高产的重要原因。 相似文献
14.
滴灌带布置模式对冬小麦干物质积累、分配和运转的影响 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
为了研究滴灌带布置模式对冬小麦籽粒灌浆,干物质积累、分配和运转的影响,以‘青麦7号’为材料,采用4种滴管带布置模式（T3：一管三行、T4：一管四行、T5：一管五行、T6：一管六行,对照CK为无灌水处理）分别对冬小麦进行大田栽培处理,对冬小麦籽粒灌浆、干物质积累和运转等指标的测定和分析。结果表明,与CK相比,滴灌冬小麦收获期籽粒干重以及灌浆后期灌浆速率显著提高;成熟期干物质在籽粒中的分配率显著提高;花后干物质对籽粒的贡献率显著提高。不同滴灌带配置模式对冬小麦籽粒灌浆,干物质积累及运转的影响不同。T5处理在灌浆末期保持较高的灌浆速率和籽粒干重。地上部总干物重呈现近似“S”型生长曲线,成熟期干物质在籽粒的分配率表现为T4>T5>T6>T3>CK,且差异显著。花后转移干物质对籽粒的贡献率表现为T5>T4>T6>T3>CK,其中T5处理为58.86%,显著高于其他处理。说明T5处理最利于冬小麦籽粒灌浆,显著提高花后光合器官同化物的积累,获得较高的籽粒产量。 相似文献
15.
小麦秸秆还田方式对轮作玉米干物质累积分配及产量的影响 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
研究茬口对轮作作物的产量贡献及干物质积累与分配规律的影响,对于优化作物高产高效栽培理论和技术具有重要意义。本研究在甘肃河西绿洲灌区,通过田间试验,研究了前茬小麦不同秸秆还田方式(25 cm高茬收割免耕, NTSS; 25 cm高茬等量秸秆覆盖免耕, NTS; 25 cm高茬等量秸秆翻压, TIS; 低茬收割翻耕, CT)对轮作玉米干物质积累和分配及产量的影响,以期为该区前茬小麦轮作玉米生产模式提供优化依据。结果表明,与CT相比,NTSS、NTS、TIS提高了玉米抽穗后干物质的积累量,两年平均高4.8%~12.7%,NTS较NTSS、TIS具有更高的干物质累积作用;NTSS、NTS、TIS可提高玉米叶、茎、鞘对籽粒的贡献率,提高幅度平均为12.8%~25.0%、6.3%~11.3%、18.3%~78.4%,其中NTS较NTSS、TIS提高作用更突出。NTSS、NTS、TIS提高了玉米的籽粒产量,增幅为11.3%~17.5%,其中NTS两年籽粒产量最高,分别达到13 470 kg hm-2和13 274 kg hm-2,较TIS高5.6%~9.0%;穗粒数增加是小麦秸秆还田提高轮作玉米产量的主要原因。同时NTS获得较高的收获指数,提高比例为6.4%~8.4%,说明NTS较其他处理增产的另一原因是提高了收获指数。本研究表明,其前茬小麦秸秆覆盖结合免耕(NTS)可作为绿洲灌区优化后茬玉米干物质累积规律及获得高产的理想耕作措施。 相似文献
16.
17.
青贮玉米对氮磷钾的吸收规律 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
以粮用玉米、粮饲兼用玉米和青贮专用玉米为材料，研究了植株氮、磷、钾营养的含量、吸收、积累及平衡吸收关系。结果表明，青贮品种植株氮、磷含量变化与粮用品种不同，其全生育期含氮量变化为单峰曲线，峰值出现在出苗后55 d，含磷量较平稳，含钾量呈降低趋势。青贮玉米需氮、磷、钾量比粮用和粮饲兼用玉米高，且更应重视钾肥的投入。青贮玉米适宜的N︰P2O5︰K2O=2.74±0.14︰1︰5.94±0.82，每生产100 kg干物质所需要的氮、磷、钾量分别为(0.57±0.05) kg、(0.26±0.03) kg和(1.58±0.12) kg。 相似文献
18.
施氮方式对玉米-大豆套作体系中作物产量及玉米籽粒灌浆特性的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
氮肥的过量施用和低效利用, 造成资源浪费和环境污染, 不利于农业的可持续发展。为了减少氮肥的投入量, 发挥氮肥的增产效益, 本研究对玉米-大豆套作模式的施氮量和施肥距离进行优化调整。通过两年田间试验, 探讨了减氮36% (RN36%)、减氮18% (RN18%)和习惯施氮(CN) 3种施氮水平和距离窄行玉米0 cm (D1)、15 cm (D2)、30 cm (D3)、45 cm (D4) 4种施肥距离对作物产量和玉米花后干物质积累与转运、籽粒灌浆特征的影响。结果表明, 与习惯施氮相比, 减氮18%处理的玉米花后干物质转移量、转移率及对籽粒的贡献率分别提高了22.65%、18.75%和15.90%, 籽粒平均灌浆速率和最大灌浆速率提高了9.79%和10.76%; 玉米、大豆产量及系统周年产量提高了4.95%、7.07%和5.35%; 各施肥距离间, 以距离窄行玉米15~30 cm的施肥效果最佳。减氮18%时, D2处理下玉米的平均灌浆速率、最大灌浆速率、穗粒数及百粒重比玉米常规穴施(D1)处理分别提高了10.32%、10.92%、9.08%和4.75%; 玉米、大豆产量和系统总产最高。玉米-大豆套作体系下, 减氮18%和距离窄行玉米15~30 cm施肥有利于增加玉米花后干物质的积累, 促进干物质向籽粒中转运, 增大灌浆速率, 增加百粒重和穗粒数, 提高玉米产量和大豆产量, 以实现系统周年作物增产。
19.
为探寻桂单0811的合理施肥方案及高产栽培技术,对桂单0811不同生育时期植株不同部位的干物质和氮磷钾含量进行测定分析。结果表明,桂单0811干物质积累灌浆期占积累总量的86.31%;N、P 2O 5、K 2O的吸收量是N>K 2O>P 2O 5,N、P 2O 5、K 2O在拔节期以后被大量吸收,抽雄吐丝期其累积吸收量分别占到全生育期的35.60%、45.02%和36.65%,灌浆期其累积吸收量分别占到全生育期的77.51%、86.22%和76.52%;N、K 2O吸收高峰在灌浆期,P 2O 5在抽雄吐丝期和灌浆期;抽雄吐丝后N、K 2O、P 2O 5主要分布在籽粒中,每形成100 kg籽粒吸N 2.86 kg、P 2O 51.10 kg、K 2O 1.74 kg。研究表明,桂单0811较佳的施肥方法是:氮肥、磷肥和钾肥多次分期施用,按“前轻、中重、后补”的原则,注重种肥,拔节后重施攻秆肥,灌浆期施攻苞肥,防止后期脱肥。 相似文献
20.
氮肥运筹对苗期受渍夏玉米干物质和氮素积累与转运的影响 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
以玉米品种郑单958为试验材料,研究不同氮肥运筹方式[氮肥全部基施(N1)、基肥70%+拔节肥30%(N2)、基肥50%+拔节肥50%(N3)和基肥30%+拔节肥50%+大喇叭口肥20%(N4)]对苗期受渍夏玉米叶面积指数(LAI)、干物质积累、氮素吸收积累及产量的影响,以期为苗期受渍夏玉米合理施肥提供理论依据。结果表明,苗期渍水7 d降低夏玉米产量,降幅达24.2%~25.7%,氮肥后移能够减轻苗期渍害对产量的影响。玉米产量与穗粒数的相关性大于与千粒重的相关性;吐丝期最大LAI和收获指数与产量存在极显著相关性,但粒叶比与产量间无显著相关性。苗期渍水7 d降低群体LAI,氮肥后移能增大穗位层和穗上层叶片的LAI以弥补穗下层LAI降低导致的群体LAI下降,且弥补的效应大于渍害导致穗下层LAI降低的效应,进而使得苗期渍水7 d下氮肥后移的群体LAI较氮肥前移增大。苗期渍水7 d显著降低吐丝后干物质积累量,渍水使营养器官干物质积累转运量增大;氮肥前移处理使营养器官干物质向籽粒的转运量增大,但不利于吐丝后籽粒干物质积累,氮肥后移处理则显著提高了吐丝后籽粒干物质积累量及其对籽粒产量的贡献率。苗期渍水7 d使夏玉米各器官氮素积累量下降,吐丝后营养器官贮藏氮素向籽粒的转运量和吐丝后籽粒氮素积累量低于对照,表明苗期渍水7 d处理不利于籽粒中氮素的积累。氮肥后移能够提高成熟期籽粒及营养器官氮素积累量。渍水7 d处理使氮素吸收效率和偏生产力显著低于对照,随着氮肥后移,氮素吸收效率提高0.9%~18.2%、偏生产力提高1.0%~17.5%。 相似文献