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不同营养元素对共生固氮潜力影响的研究进展 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
生物固氮是一个全球性的战略课题,而共生固氮又是生物固氮的主体部分,因此研究豆科植物－根瘤菌共生固氮体系（根瘤）的固氮潜力具有重要意义。本文介绍了大量营养元素和微量营养元素对根瘤固氮潜力的影响的研究现状和主要进展,阐述了各营养元素影响根瘤固氮潜力的机制,并对根瘤固氮潜力研究的前景进行了展望。 相似文献
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豆科植物与根瘤菌共生关系的形成、特点及其应用建议 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
豆科植物与根瘤菌的共生体系是生物固氮的重要途径,在农业生产中具有广阔的应用前景。利用文献法对相关研究资料进行了梳理,对豆科植物和根瘤菌共生关系的概念、形成机制及特点进行了深入分析,在此基础上,提出了运用豆科植物-根瘤菌共生体进行生物固氮的注意事项。 相似文献
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本研究旨在为豆科植物根瘤固氮领域的研究提供数据参考。检索中国知网(CNKI)和Web of Science核心集(WOS),从建库到2020年初根瘤固氮对豆科植物影响的相关文献,应用文献计量学方法和CiteSpace 5.5.R2软件对其发表时间、期刊、研究机构、国家、研究主题与关键词进行分析和可视化展示。共检索中英文文献4886篇,包括中文文献3015篇和英文文献1871篇。发文量总体呈增长趋势,美国、中国和巴西发文量居于前三位,法国农业科学研究院发文数量最多。涉及期刊940种,以微生物学、土壤和农业类期刊为主,其中《大豆科学》和《PLANT AND SOIL》发文量较多;根瘤固氮对豆科植物抗逆性影响和根瘤菌基因与遗传多样性是当前研究的主要方向。目前豆科植物根瘤固氮研究仍受到国内外学者的重视,已形成相对稳定的研究群体。根瘤固氮发生及调控机制、根瘤菌基因与遗传多样性的研究是当前的研究热点和未来可能的发展方向。 相似文献
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随着土壤盐碱化面积的增加,盐碱胁迫已经成为制约农业发展的重要因素,因为高p H值的因素碱性盐对植物造成的损伤比中性盐更为严重。紫花苜蓿(Medicago Sativa L.)作为豆科植物,可以与根瘤菌互作产生根瘤,进行生物固氮。为了阐明共生固氮提高紫花苜蓿耐碱性的代谢物质基础,本研究利用GC-TOF-MS技术研究了紫花苜蓿碱胁迫下氨基酸含量的变化,以紫花苜蓿龙牧806根部为实验材料,使用200 mmol/L NaHCO_3处理正常型植株(non-nodulized,NI)与接种根瘤菌型植株(rhizobium-nodulized,RI),对丝氨酸、天冬氨酸等23种氨基酸及其衍生物在根中的含量进行测定。数据显示,在未胁迫处理时RI植株中氨基酸及其衍生物的含量大部分都要高于NI,使RI比NI拥有更强的耐碱能力,其在抵抗逆境时拥有更强的抵抗力。所测得的氨基酸及其衍生物被映射到KEGG中,这些物质被富集到生物学通路中。我们的研究表明,RI通过与NI不同的代谢物配置来提高其抗逆能力,本研究也为根瘤共生和耐碱性之间的关系提供了新的信息和重要的理论依据。 相似文献
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植物激素生长素在植物的生长发育过程中发挥了至关重要的作用,它的稳态和浓度梯度建立控制了几乎所有器官的极性建成。生长素在特定细胞中合成、运输、感知以及代谢降解建立了符合器官发育的生长素浓度梯度。在豆科植物中,根与土壤微生物互作形成了根瘤这一特殊的器官,进行生物固氮。然而,生长素稳态控制生物固氮的功能还未知。拟南芥中的研究表明,PIN-Like (PILS)蛋白协助调节的细胞内生长素稳态,并介导下游细胞核内的生长素信号传递。本研究以大豆作为研究模型,在大豆基因组中鉴定获得19个PILS家族基因(GmPILS),不均匀分布于大豆10条染色体上。GmPILS在大豆9种组织部位中表现出多种表达模式,且具有明显的组织表达特异性。GmPILS1e和GmPILS1f在根瘤菌体区域富集表达,使用人工微RNA沉默(artificialmicro RNA interference,amiRNAi)下调GmPILS1e和GmPILS1f在根瘤的表达,导致根瘤的固氮酶活性上升,而过量表达GmPILS1f导致根瘤的固氮酶活性下降,因此GmPILS1e和GmPILS1f可能参与大豆固氮酶活性的调节。这些结果为进一步解析大豆GmPILS家族基因的功能和作用机制奠定了基础,同时也为结瘤固氮在农业育种中的应用提供了有价值的基因资源。 相似文献
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河北省豆科绿肥作物种质资源相关共生根瘤菌资源的研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
豆科植物与根瘤菌建立共生关系具有宿主专一性,因豆科植物种类和品种的不同而各异。2011年对河北省绿肥豆科作物毛叶苕子(Vicia villosa)、山黧豆(Lathyrus sativus)、沙打旺(Astragalus adsurgens)和草木樨(Melilotus officinalis)等30个品种的84株根瘤菌菌株,进行16S rDNA PCR-RFLP、16S rDNA全序列分析及抗逆性研究,结果表明这些根瘤菌菌株共有6种16S rDNA遗传图谱类型,并归属根瘤菌属(Rhizobium)和中华根瘤菌属(Sinorhizobium),同时获得这些菌株抗逆性研究数据。本研究为河北省发展绿肥豆科作物生产提供了详细的根瘤菌多样性数据,并为绿肥豆科作物的栽培储备了必要的根瘤菌菌株资源。 相似文献
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T. Seresinhe U. A. Hartwig W. Kessler J. Nosberger 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1994,172(4):279-288
The aim of this study was to investigate whether symbiotic nitrogen fixation in white clover nodules limits nitrogen supply and hence clover growth by repeated defoliation at two cutting heights. Other possible factors governing symbiotic nitrogen fixation in the field were also elucidated. Using 15 N, a 2-year field experiment including white clover ( Trifolium repens L. cv. Ladino) and perennial ryegrass ( Loliumperenne L. cv. Bastion) in monocultures and in mixtures was conducted in Eschikon, Switzerland. The effect of two cutting heights (4 cm and 10 cm above ground level) on the performance of symbiotic nitrogen fixation of white clover in the different sward-types was investigated. After each harvest, the plots were fertilized with 3 g N m-2 (equivalent to 30 kg N ha-1 cut-1 or 210 kg N ha-1 year-1 ). In both years, white clover grown in a mixture with grass received a significantly higher percentage of nitrogen from symbiotic fixation compared with clover grown in monoculture. This phenomenon is attributed to the strong competitiveness of ryegrass in soil nitrogen uptake. Consequently, white clover in the clover-ryegrass mixture was more dependent on symbiotic nitrogen fixation than that grown in monoculture. The cutting height did not preferentially influence symbiotic nitrogen fixation, as opposed to the uptake of mineral nitrogen from the soil. From this finding it is suggested that symbiotic nitrogen fixation did not limit the supply of nitrogen to clover and hence its growth. It is proposed that symbiotic nitrogen fixation in white clover is regulated by the demand for nitrogen rather than by the availability of carbohydrate reserves in the stolons. Symbiotic nitrogen fixation should thus be looked upon as an integrated plant growth factor and not as an isolated phenomenon. 相似文献
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拟南芥中硝酸盐的吸收、转运和分配是通过硝酸盐转运蛋白(nitrate transporter, NRT)实现的。尽管之前的生物信息学分析推测大豆GmNRT1.2s可能参与共生固氮过程,但尚未开展相应的功能研究。本研究通过对其表达模式分析収现,GmNRT1.2a和GmNRT1.2b分别在根和叶中高表达,且受硝酸盐诱导,在接种根瘤菌与结瘤因子(nodfactors,NFs)后表达量明显升高。功能研究结果显示,过表达GmNRT1.2a或GmNRT1.2b后大豆根瘤数目显著增加。本研究为深入探究GmNRT1.2a和GmNRT1.2b调控大豆共生固氮过程的分子机制提供了一定的数据支持。 相似文献
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R. Zurayk M. Adlan R. Baalbaki M. C. Saxena 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1998,180(4):249-258
The effect of salinity on the nodulation, N-fixation and plant growth of selected chickpea- Rhizobium symbionts was studied- Eighteen chickpea rhizobial strains were evaluated for their growth in a broth culture at salinity levels of 0 to 20 dS m−1 of NaCl + Na2 SO4 . Variability in response was high. Salinity generally reduced the lag phase and/or slowed the log phase of multiplication of Rhizobium. Nine chickpea genotypes were also evaluated for salt tolerance during germination and early seedling growth in Petri dishes at five salinity levels (0–32 dS m−1 ). Chickpea genotypes ILC-205 and ILC-1919 were the most salt-tolerant genotypes. The selected rhizobial strains and chickpea cultivars were combined in a pot experiment aimed at investigating the interactive effect of salinity (3, 6 and 9 dS m−1 ) and N source (symbiosis vs. inorganic N) on plant growth. Symbiotic plants were more sensitive to salinity than plants fed mineral N. Significant reductions in nodule dry weight (59.8 %) and N fixation (63.5 %) were evident even at the lowest salinity level of 3 dS m-1 . Although nodules were observed in inoculated plants grown at 6 dS m-1 , N-fixation was completely inhibited. The findings indicate that symbiosis is more salt-sensitive than both Rhizobium and the host plant, probably due to a breakdown in one of the processes involved in symbiotic-N fixation. Improvement of salinity tolerance in field grown chickpea may be achieved by application of sufficient amounts of mineral nitrogen. 相似文献
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The aim of this work was to examine variation for activity of symbiosis with Rhizobium meliloti in alfalfa, sweet clover and fenugreek. Seed specimens were obtained from the collection of the All-Union Research Institute for Plant Breeding and Rhizobium strains from the All-Union Research Institute for Agricultural Microbiology, both in Leningrad. Sterile methods of vegetative culture were employed. Statistical analysis of data on inter- and intracultivar variation allow one to suppose that in alfalfa and sweet clover, nitrogenase activity and symbiotic efficiency (ability of plants to increase biomass after inoculation) are controlled by different groups of genes. The latter symbiotic property is more strictly controlled by host genotype than the former. Fenugreek appeared to be more variable in its capacity for symbiosis than alfalfa and sweet clover. Differences between genotyyes in symbiotic activity correlate with division into subspecies and are inherited in self-fertile progeny of fenugreek plants. Differences between R. meliloti strains for the efficiency of symbiosis with heterogceic natural fenugreek population are expressed to a lesser degree than with plants of more homogenic cultivar populations. 相似文献
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Summary Six Vicia faba populations were grown in all possible combinations with six Rhizobium leguminosarum strains in order to estimate the relative importance of the three genetic components of symbiotic variability. Additive genetic effects of host genotype and rhizobium genotype accounted for only 8.9% and 11.8% of the total phenotypic variation. Non-additive variation attriabutable to specific host genotype × rhizobium genotype interactions was by far the largest component of variation and accounted for 73.8% of phenotypic differences. Therefore the greatest improvement in symbiotic nitrogen fixation is likely to arise from simultaneous selection of both symbionts. 相似文献
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Nitrogen inputs into rice fields can be increased by cultivation of green manure crops. Many Sesbania species have been generally grown by the rice farmers in India and these green manures are capable of contributing significant amount of nitrogen in 45 to 90 days period by their association with the nitrogen fixing symbiotic bacterium – Rhizobium . Field experiments conducted at the Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India, during Dry and Wet seasons in 1987–88 with medium duration (145 days) rice variety CO 43. Sesbania rostrata produced higher biomass on 60th day after sowing and accumulated higher percentage of nitrogen. Application of fertilizer nitrogen with S. rostrata have increased the nitrogen uptake and yield of rice. 相似文献
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Govindraj Ramakantrao Bhaganagare Mahipal Singh Kesawat Basanta Kumar Das Arumuganainar Suresh Babasaheb Shivmurti Surwase Manorama 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2013,16(1):17-22
Rhizobia diversity is considered as one of the most useful resources for bioprospecting due to their symbiotic nitrogen-fixing ability with members of Leguminosae. The highly conserved nature of the nitrogenase reductase gene (nifH) makes it an ideal molecular tool to determine the potential for biological nitrogen fixation in any environment. In the present investigation, 250 rhizobial strains were isolated from legumes belonging to different geographical locations of Chhattisgarh, India. Genetic diversity of the nitrogenfixing bacterial community was analyzed using the nifH gene-specific primer. The polymorphism was found among the nitrogen-fixing population of different sources and origin but not in same source of rhizobia. Further, the symbiotic plasmid DNA was characterized on the basis of size and copy number of plasmids. The plasmid number varying from one to three in different rhizobial isolates had a size greater than 23 kb, while in some rhizobial isolates plasmids were absent. In addition, to examine the role of ascorbate in respiratory protection, the clear black spot margin of ascorbate was observed in the endodermis region of the nodule whereas scarcely dispersed in the infected region. Therefore, our findings demonstrated that knowing the rhizobial nifH gene diversity along with copy number of the plasmid is important for strain identification, deciding its fertility, productivity standards, and potential of biological nitrogen fixation across the geographical region. 相似文献
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氮素是植物生长发育的必需元素,同时也是植物体内众多化合物的重要组成元素,对植物生长发育有着重要的意义。丛枝菌根真菌(Arbuscular mycorrhizas fungi, AMF)可以与80%的陆生维管植物形成互利的丛枝菌根共生结构,丛枝菌根真菌一方面通过寄主植物获得碳源,另一方面根外菌丝的存在增加了氮素的吸收范围,有效增强了土壤—丛枝菌根—植物三者之间氮素的交流,提高了植物对外界胁迫的适应能力,并且促进了生态系统中的氮循环。因此,以丛枝菌根共生体作为传输媒介,探索其在整个共生系统间氮素的吸收、转运及代谢机制成为生态学以及农业生产中的热点。本文从菌丝氮代谢、氮素的吸收形态以及共生体对氮素转运、交换三个方面,对丛枝菌根共生体氮素吸收循环机制的研究进展进行了一个系统的阐述,揭示了丛枝菌根氮素的利用特点及其在氮素循环中的重要作用,并提出了关于丛枝菌根共生体氮循环中的一些需要深入研究的科学问题。 相似文献