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1.
应用GISH与STS标记鉴定小麦-中间偃麦草抗黄矮病端体系 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
由大麦黄矮病毒引起的小麦黄矮病毒病是一个严重病害,至今在小麦属内还没有发现抗源。中间偃麦草2Ai-2染色体携带一个高抗黄矮病基因,对该基因的染色体臂定位将为制定抗病基因向小麦转移策略,筛选、开发特定的、与抗性连锁的分子标记的研究提供重要信息。本文对由小麦-中间偃麦草二体附加系Z6衍生的3个抗黄矮病端体系进行鉴定,通过分析端体的遗传构成、筛选与端体共分离的STS标记以确定端体在遗传上的染色体臂归属,从而明确BYDV抗病基因的染色体位置。以拟鹅冠草基因组[Pseudoroegneria strigosa (M. Bieb.) Löve,St]DNA为探针,中国春基因组(Triticum aestivum L., ABD) DNA作封阻分别对抗病亲本Z6及抗病端体系N530的根尖体细胞染色体进行原位杂交,结果表明,N530体细胞中有2个端体显示出与Z6中外源染色体2Ai-2短臂相似, 而与长臂不同的杂交信号。以小麦第2同源群的5个RFLP探针的DNA序列为基础,设计了6对PCR引物,对小麦-中间偃麦草二体异附加系、二体代换系和端体系进行扩增,结果表明,基于短臂探针psr126,psr131序列设计的2对引物,可在含有2Ai-2染色体及端体的抗黄矮病材料中特异扩增,而基于长臂探针psr112序列设计的1对引物,可在含有2Ai-2染色体的抗黄矮病材料中特异扩增,但不能在端体系进行特异扩增,证明外源端体为2Ai-2染色体的短臂。本研究不仅将黄矮病抗性基因定位于2Ai-2染色体的短臂上, 而且由RFLP探针psr126、psr131和psr112序列转化的标记STS126 (sequence tagged site) STS131和STS112还可分别作为追踪2Ai-2染色体短臂和长臂的分子标记,用于抗病易位系辅助选择。 相似文献
2.
中间偃麦草是小麦遗传改良的有用资源,育成了大量的小麦-中间偃麦草附加系、代换系及部分双二倍体。中4是小麦-中间偃麦草部分双二倍体,很方便与普通小麦杂交并被广泛用于小麦的遗传改良。014-459是中4与普通小麦杂交后代,具有一些特殊特性,材料014-459与一些普通小麦杂交,无论正反交,其F1表现为不育,而与另一些普通小麦的杂交F1表现为可育,此外,材料014-459粗蛋白和湿面筋含量很高。基于014-459的这些特性,猜测其可能具有中间偃麦草染色体片段,为此对014-459进行了细胞学鉴定。FISH和GISH以及PLUG标记分析用来分析材料014-459的染色体组成情况。连续的FISH和GISH试验证实小麦-中间偃麦草部分双二部体中4与小麦杂交后代品系014-459的1对小麦2A染色体被来自中间偃麦草的1对St染色体代换, PLUG标记分析证实这1对St染色体属于第6同源群,可能来自中间偃麦草的St染色体被代换进小麦中造成了材料014-459的一些特性。对品系014-459的分子细胞遗传学鉴定对促进中间偃麦草6St染色体在小麦中利用及小麦品质改良有积极作用。 相似文献
3.
八倍体小偃麦与普通小麦杂种自交和回交后代染色体和性状分离的研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
以八倍体小偃麦小偃６９３和普通小麦烟农１５的六个不同杂种世代为材料，研究了自交和顺交对杂种后代染色体和性状分离的不同影响。结果表明，随自交和以烟农１５为轮回亲本回交世代的增加，染色体数目逐渐减少，但回交比自交能使后代中偃麦草染色体丢失更快；回交后代ＰＭＣＭＩ染色体构型较为简单，平均交叉结数减少，回交次数过多不利于偃麦草与普通小麦染色体发生遗传重组；自交和回交世代中小偃麦类型、中间类型和小麦类型出现 相似文献
4.
八倍体小偃麦和硬粒小麦杂交后代的染色体组成分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在小麦育种工作中,因长穗偃麦草、中间偃麦草和四倍体硬粒小麦等小麦近缘种属含有许多重要的功能基因,育种家经常应用远缘杂交创制小麦育种中间材料。本研究应用FISH、GISH、Mc-GISH技术检测了八倍体小偃麦和四倍体硬粒小麦杂交的后代材料,结果表明:山农20和四倍体硬粒小麦的杂交后代中,D组染色体显著优先于十倍体长穗偃麦草染色体传递到子代中;中3和中4与四倍体硬粒小麦的杂交后代中,D组和中间偃麦草染色体从1～14条随机传递到子代中;所有材料中仅从山农20和四倍体硬粒小麦的杂交后代中筛选出3份稳定的代换系,对其中的2576-1代换系进一步分析证明,是十倍体长穗偃麦草染色体代换了1D染色体并确定该材料抗条锈病,可以作为育种材料,也为异源新种质的创制奠定了基础。 相似文献
5.
为鉴定小麦-偃麦草杂种后代以及我国小麦品种和育种中间品系对纹枯病的抗性,并且解析偃麦草染色体与纹枯病抗性的关系,在徐州和南京两个试点,采用田间病圃法对321份普通小麦品种或品系和56份小麦-偃麦草杂种后代材料进行了纹枯病抗性鉴定。在徐州试点没有发现高抗纹枯病的种质,但是有52份材料表现中抗反应型,包括34份普通小麦材料,其中萧农8506-1、小偃81、冀植4001、农大195、徐州8913和京东3066A-3的相对抗病指数高于0.7。在南京试点,全部普通小麦材料都不抗纹枯病,只有5份小麦-偃麦草种质表现中抗反应型。部分小麦-偃麦草种质的病情指数不但显著低于感病对照品种苏麦3号和扬麦158,而且还低于抗病对照品种安农8455和宁麦9号,如小麦-中间偃麦草4Ai#2或4Ai#2S附加系、代换系和易位系材料TA3513、TA3516、TA3517和TA3519及小麦-长穗偃麦草第4部分同源群染色体代换系SS767,说明中间偃麦草4Ai#2染色体和长穗偃麦草4J染色体可能与纹枯病病情指数降低有关。基因组原位杂交分析结果表明,4Ai#2染色体属中间偃麦草的Js基因组,而长穗偃麦草与纹枯病抗性相关的第4部分同源群染色体属J基因组。虽然纹枯病与眼斑病的发病部位和症状非常相似,但抗眼斑病基因Pch1 (Madsen)和Pch2 (Cappelle-Desprez)对纹枯病无效。 相似文献
6.
通过小麦与长穗偃麦草远缘杂交创制附加系、代换系及易位系是小麦遗传改良中利用长穗偃麦草优良基因的重要途径。本研究将长穗偃麦草特异分子标记、染色体计数、基因组原位杂交(GISH)及非变性原位杂交(ND-FISH)等多种方法相结合,对硬粒小麦Langdon(AABB)与小偃麦8801(AABBEE)的杂交后代群体进行分子细胞学鉴定,创制出硬粒小麦-长穗偃麦草3E、6E染色体双体附加系Du-DA3E和Du-DA6E,硬粒小麦-长穗偃麦草1E(1B)染色体双体代换系Du-DS1E(1B)以及硬粒小麦-长穗偃麦草1AS-1EL染色体易位系Du-T1AS·1EL。创制的4个种质中长穗偃麦草染色体均能稳定遗传,这不仅增加了硬粒小麦-长穗偃麦草附加系和代换系的类型,还为后续利用长穂偃麦草优良基因改良小麦提供了特殊种质资源。 相似文献
7.
长穗偃麦草1E附加系与杀配子染色体2C附加系杂交后代的细胞学及形态学分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
长穗偃麦草是小麦的野生近缘种属,具有抗寒、抗旱、抗病等优异性状。为了利用长穗偃麦草的优异基因,将‘中国春’-长穗偃麦草1E二体附加系与‘中国春’-柱穗山羊草2C二体附加系杂交、自交和回交,观察其后代的细胞学和形态学特性。结果表明,在杂交后代有丝分裂和减数分裂中观察到了染色体畸变现象;统计F1代自交结实率,发现与亲本相比,这些杂种后代的结实率明显降低;杂种后代的穗型发生了分离,除正常穗型外还观察到了密穗型,说明杀配子染色体2C可以诱导染色体畸变并对结实率和穗型均有一定的影响。本研究为进一步创制小麦-长穗偃麦草1E染色体易位系和缺失系奠定了基础。 相似文献
8.
基于SLAF-seq技术开发长穗偃麦草染色体特异分子标记 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
长穗偃麦草1E及7E染色体上带有重要的抗赤霉病基因, 开发大量相关染色体特异分子标记有助于准确定位抗性基因及获得可用于辅助育种紧密连锁的标记。基于SLAF-seq技术, 获得了368个长穗偃麦草1E染色体特异片段, 随机选取80个特异片段设计引物, 开发了20个长穗偃麦草1E染色体特异分子标记、2个长穗偃麦草基因组特异分子标记及26个其他特异分子标记, 效率达60%。用这些特异标记能稳定检测出不同小麦–长穗偃麦草衍生材料中的1E染色体或片段。通过标记与优良性状的共分离特性, 获得与相关基因紧密连锁的标记, 将为小麦抗性育种中的分子标记辅助选择提供依据。 相似文献
9.
利用已知植物抗病基因编码氨基酸保守区域NBS-LRR(核苷酸结合位点-富亮氨酸区域)设计了42个简并引物组合,运用抗病基因类似物多态性(resistance gene analog polymorphism,RGAP)分子标记技术,对中国春、中国春-长穗偃麦草双二倍体及其附加系和代换系基因组DNA进行PCR扩增。结果表明,共有38对引物组合获得扩增产物,其中35对在普通小麦中国春、中国春-长穗偃麦草双二倍体中能扩增出多态性,平均每个引物组合扩增出38.5个片段。在普通小麦背景下,共获得275条长穗偃麦草E基因组多态性谱带,占扩增总谱带数的17.44%,揭示出在普通小麦背景下E基因组和普通小麦A、B、D基因组间的高丰度遗传变异。另外,利用RGAP分子标记技术,构建了一套完整的长穗偃麦草1E~7E染色体的特异RGAP标记。为小麦背景中长穗偃麦草外源遗传物质的快速检测提供了新途径。 相似文献
10.
利用已知植物抗病基因编码氨基酸保守区域NBS—LRR（核苷酸结合位点-富亮氨酸区域）设计了42个简并引物组合，运用抗病基因类似物多态性（resistance gene analog polymorphism，RGAP）分子标记技术，对中国春、中国春-长穗偃麦草双二倍体及其附加系和代换系基因组DNA进行PCR扩增。结果表明，共有38对引物组合获得扩增产物，其中35对在普通小麦中国春、中国春-长穗偃麦草双二倍体中能扩增出多态性，平均每个引物组合扩增出38．5个片段。在普通小麦背景下，共获得275条长穗偃麦草E基因组多态件谱带，占扩增总谱带数的17．44％，揭示出在普通小麦背景下E基因组和普通小麦A、B、D基因组间的高丰度遗传变异。另外，利用RGAP分子标记技术，构建了一套完整的长穗偃麦草1E～7E染色体的特异RGAP标记。为小麦背景中长穗偃麦草外源遗传物质的快速检测提供了新途径。 相似文献
11.
Zhi-Shan Lin Zhi-Fu Cui Xiang-Yan Zeng You-Zhi Ma Zeng-Yan Zhang Toshiki Nakamura Goro Ishikawa Kazuhiro Nakamura Hisashi Yoshida Zhi-Yong Xin 《Euphytica》2007,158(1-2):109-118
Chromosome compositions of seven lines, derived from hybrids between a wheat cultivar and the wheat-Thinopyrum intermedium addition line Z6, with barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV) resistance, were determined by genomic in situ hybridization, cytogenetic and SSR assays. The results showed that
line N522 was a disomic addition line, lines N420 and N439 were 2Ai-2(2B) chromosome substitution lines, lines N431 and N452
were 2Ai-2(2D) chromosome substitution lines, line N523 was a 2Ai-2S(2D) ditelosomic substitution line, and line N530 was
a double ditelosomic line with the mitotic chromosome number of 2n = 40 + 4t. One pair of telosomes in line N530 lacked several proximal SSR markers of chromosome 2AS, but possessed certain
terminal markers, which were consistent with an acrocentric structure, and the other pair of chromosome arms were presumably
2Ai-2S telosomes with BYDV-resistance. These wheat-Th. intermedium lines provide useful genetic resources for developing alien chromosome translocation lines. 相似文献
12.
Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeders often utilize alien sources to supply new genetic variation to their breeding programs. However, the alien gene complexes have not always behaved as desired when placed into a wheat background. The introgressed genes of interest may be linked to undesirable genes, expressed at low levels or not at all. The short arm of rye (Secale cereale L.) chromosome one (1RS) contains many valuable genes for wheat improvement. In order to study rye gene response to varying copy number, wheat lines were constructed which contained zero, two or four doses of 1RS. The meiotic behavior of rye chromosome 1R, and wheat/rye translocation chromosomes, 1AL/1RS and 1BL/1RS was studied in the F1 hybrids between wheat lines carrying 1R or the translocation chromosomes. The IRS arm was transmitted at a very high frequency; 98 % of the F2 plants had at least one of the chromosomes with a IRS arm. In addition, 44 % of the F2 plants received at least one copy of the chromosomes from each parent. Analysis of the meiotic behavior of the IRS arm suggested that few euploid wheat gametes were formed. Therefore, most of the pollen must have contained IRS. It is unknown whether the lack of euploid wheat pollen could account for the high transmission frequency of the rye chromosomes. There may have been differential survival of the embryos receiving the rye chromosome as well. 相似文献
13.
Robertsonian translocation between homoeologous chromosomes is one means for introducing alien genes from related species
into common wheat. This study was undertaken to determine if selection for normal segregation of an alien trait could be used
to identify favourable translocations. Agrotana (an octoploid agrotriticum, probably derived from Thinopyrum ponticum) carries
resistance to the wheat curl mite (Eriophyes tulipae Keifer) which is the vector of wheat streak mosaic virus. Agrotana was
crossed with the winter durum Michurinka (Triticum turgidum L. em. Bowden), and resistant F2 plants were backcrossed four times with Norstar winter wheat (T. aestivum L. em. Thell.). During the later stages of backcrossing
and selfing, resistant progenies were tested for their segregation ratios; selection was made for high and stable rates of
transmission of mite resistance in segregating male gametes and zygotes. The 49 descendant gametes were tested for Mendelian-like
inheritance of resistance. Two lines were identified with segregations that approached Mendelian ratios (1:1 male transmission
in a testcross, 3:1 in F2 and 1:2:1 among F3 families). Contrary to expectations, selection for stable F2 ratios (3:1) proved more efficient than selection for normal male transmission (1:1) as a means of identifying these stocks.
Chromosome painting and PCR (polymerase chain reaction) analysis indicated the recovery of two independent Robertsonian translocations,
both of which probably involved the reunion of the short arm of a group 6 chromosome of Thinopyrum ponticum and the long arm
of chromosome 6D. In conclusion, selection for Mendelian ratios from among backcross derivatives of an interspecific hybrid
was successful in isolating desirable translocations; cytogenetic methods were only used to characterise desirable stocks
once these were identified.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
14.
The leaf rust resistance gene on chromosome 7AL of ‘Chinese Spring’ transfer no. 12 derived from Thinopyrum ponticum, was transferred to durum wheat by standard backcrossing. In ‘Agatha’ and ‘Indis’ a leaf rust resistance gene from Thinopyrum ponticum and Thinopyrum ponticum respectively, is found on a translocated segment on chromosome arm 7DL. The use of the ‘Langdon’ disomic D-chromosome substitution lines for 7A and 7B resulted in the recovery of tetraploid leaf-rust resistant lines from the crosses with ‘Agatha’ in the B2F1 generation. Tetraploid lines carrying the ‘Indis’ translocation segment were recovered in the B2F2 generation. The F2 segregation ratios for rust resistance after selfing or back-crossing generally fitted a 1: 1 ratio indicating non-transmission of the translocation segments in the male gametes. Homozygous resistant plants were not obtained. Meiotic instability was observed in 28 chromosome B2 F2 derivatives of the crosses between ‘Chinese Spring’ transfer no. 12 and durum wheat. 相似文献
15.
16.
携带抗黄矮病基因染色体的分离 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
抗黄矮病小麦一中间堰麦草异附加系Z2 (2n=44)携带一对完整的中间僵麦草染色体,用Z2作母本与普通小麦品种中8601杂交,获得杂种F1(2n=43=21Ⅱ+1I)。利用激光显微切割技术将F1花粉母细胞减数分裂中期I及后期I的呈单价体的中间僵麦草染色体分离出来,经去蛋白、Sau3AI酶切后,进行PCR体外扩增。结果表明利用激光显微切割可分离 相似文献
17.
小麦-中间偃麦草部分双二倍体"中5"的外源染色体的鉴定 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
应用染色体分带（Ｃ－带）分子原位杂交技术对普通小麦－中间偃麦草（Ｔｈｉｎｏｐｙｒｍｉｎｔｅｒｍｅｄｉｕｍ２ｎ＝４２）Ｅ１Ｅ１Ｅ２Ｅ２ＸＸ）部分双二倍体“中５”（２ｎ＝５６）的外部染色体进行了鉴定分析,染色体分带结果表明：“中５”的７中间偃麦草当色体不显带或显示出与受体小麦亲本染色体相似的带型,单靠型很难准确地鉴定出这７对外源染色体,分带处理后进行人子原位杂交鉴定出“中５”的７对外源染色体,并发现共 相似文献
18.
Genomic constitution of a partial amphiploid OK7211542 used as a source of immunity to barley yellow dwarf virus for bread wheat 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A combination of genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) and meiotic pairing analysis of crosses between a series of 2n= 56 partial amphiploids confirmed that the alien genome of the BYDV-immune Agro-tricum line OK7211542 is derived from Thinopyrum ponticum and not from Thinopyrum intermedium. The evidence from meiotic pairing analysis indicated that the chromosome constitution of OK7211542 is similar to another Agrotricum line, ORRPX, which was derived from a cross of wheat and Th. ponticum, but different from other Agrotricum lines, Zhong 5 and TAF 46 which were derived from the crosses between wheat and Th. intermedium. The GISH analysis confirmed that OK7211542 contained one complete set of 14 Th. ponticum chromosomes, in which no S chromosome was present in the alien genome. GISH also detected a small alien translocation attached to one of the wheat chromosomes, a result that was consistent with the pairing data. 相似文献
19.
Langdon durum D-genome disomic substitution lines were used to study the chromosome locations of adult-plant leaf rust resistance genes identified from tetraploid wheat accessions. The accessions are 104 (Triticum turgidum subsp. dicoccum var. arras) and 127 (T. turgidum subsp. durum var. aestivum). The complete sets of the substitution lines were crossed as female parents with the accessions and F1 double monosomic individuals selected at metaphase I. Segregating F2 individuals were inoculated during the flag leaf stage with pathotype UVPrt2 of Puccinia triticina. The substitution analysis involving accession 104 showed that the gene for leaf rust resistance is located on chromosome 6B. The analysis with accession 127 indicated that chromosome 4A carries a gene for leaf rust resistance. The two novel genes are temporarily designated as Lrac104 and Lrac127, respectively from accessions 104 and 127. 相似文献