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《分子植物育种》2017,(2)
LAS基因对于植物侧生分生组织有重要影响。它被证实在拟南芥、番茄等草本科植物营养生长阶段参与腋生分生组织的形成,但在木本植物中的基因功能尚缺乏深入研究。本研究以沙柳为材料,利用RT-PCR技术成功克隆沙柳LAS基因,命名为SpsLAS,并对其进行生物信息学分析。结果表明,该基因CDS序列全长1 320 bp,编码439个氨基酸,预测蛋白分子量为49.876 8 k D,理论等电点(PI)为6.66,是亲水性蛋白;同源氨基酸序列比对结果表明沙柳LAS基因与番茄LS、拟南芥LAS等功能已确认的LS亚家族基因同源性较高,氨基酸相似性达50%以上;系统进化分析表明SpsLAS与杞柳和毛果杨亲缘关系更近;对LAS进行功能结构域分析得知LAS基因具有GRAS基因家族典型特征,属于GRAS基因家族LS亚家族;预测未发现跨膜结构和信号肽区域;SpsLAS蛋白二级结构包含173个α螺旋(Alpha helix),72个延伸链(Extended strand),194个无规则卷曲结构(Random coil);亚细胞定位预测该基因很可能定位于细胞核内。沙柳LAS基因的克隆对于研究木本植物萌蘖及其分枝机制有重要意义,同时丰富了木本植物中GRAS基因家族的相关研究。 相似文献
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叶插,就是利用植物具有再生能力的叶片或叶片的一部分进行扦插,在插穗基部、边缘或正中发生不定芽和不定根,形成新的植株个体的繁殖方法。一、两种不同来源的胚原基很多观赏植物均可用叶插法繁殖。由于花卉种类不同,叶插时产生新根和新梢的胚原基完全不同。可分为初生分生组织原基和次生分生组织原基,尤以后者最为常见。 1.初生分生组织原基形成新植株:落地生根的离体叶,叶缘周围的凹处会发生小植株。它们均起源于所谓的叶胚,在叶片发育早期是由叶缘一些小的细胞群形成的;随着叶片的扩展,叶胚也发育,直 相似文献
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《分子植物育种》2017,(7)
植物分枝角度是形成理想株型的最重要组成部分,其与植物的产量形成、适应环境能力和竞争能力密切相关。植物分枝角度受遗传因素、植物激素和环境因素等多重调控,但是遗传因素起主要作用。近年来的研究表明:TILLER ANGLE CONTROL1(TAC1)、LAZY1(LA1)、PROSTRATE GROWTH1(PROG1)、LOOSE PLANT ARCHITECTURE1(LPA1)等基因在调节植物分枝角度中起关键作用;植物激素,如生长素和独角金内酯等,对分枝角度的调控也起到关键作用。此外,环境与基因、激素之间的交互作用同样可调节分枝角度。而不同基因调控分枝角度的机制不同,基因可通过与蛋白质、酶、激素或者与其它基因的交互作用调节分枝角度。本研究主要介绍了这些基因在调控植物分枝角度中的相关分子机制,为深入了解植物分枝角度的调控机制提供参考。 相似文献
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<正>中国科学院遗传与发育生物学研究所植物基因组学国家重点实验室储成才课题组和中国水稻所水稻生物学国家重点实验室朱旭东课题组合作,通过对不同水稻突变体库进行大规模筛选,获得两个不完全显性、叶鞘特异性自主坏死的突变体n1s1-1D和n1s1-2D。研究表明,NLS1的功能获得性突变导致了突变体特定 相似文献
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水稻细卷叶突变体nrl2(t)的遗传分析和基因定位 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
研究调控水稻叶片发育基因对水稻功能基因组学和株型改良有着重要的意义。本研究从籼稻恢复系缙恢10号的EMS突变体库中发现一个水稻新型突变体,命名为nrl2(t)。该突变体叶片卷曲、变细、伸长,茎秆变细,抽穗期提前,叶绿素含量增高,孕穗期剑叶生长素含量降低,而幼穗中生长素含量有所提高。遗传分析表明该性状受一对隐性基因控制。利用SSR标记将该基因定位于第3染色体SSR标记s3RM1和s3RM3之间,物理距离约为114 kb。研究结果为该基因的克隆及进一步揭示细叶卷曲形成的分子机理奠定了基础。 相似文献
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木兰属等3属植物的芽种类、结构与成枝规律研究 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
为了进一步了解木兰亚枓植物有预生分枝、同生分枝的科学性、真实性,及其在该亚科分类系统中的应用前景,选取木兰属、玉兰属和含笑属等3属植物的代表种--荷花木兰、玉兰、耐冬含笑,对其芽种类、结构解剖、分枝习性等进行研究。结果表明：（1）荷花木兰芽有4种：盲芽、休眠芽、叶芽、混合芽;玉兰芽有3种：休眠芽、叶芽、玉蕾;耐冬含笑芽有4种：休眠芽、叶芽、花蕾、混合芽。同时,首次发现含笑属有混合芽及单歧聚伞花序。3属混合芽与玉蕾区别显著,具有系统学意义。（2）R. B. Figlar提出的预生分枝和同生分枝的基础不同,无可比性,无系统学意义。荷花木兰等植物均具有预生分枝及预生-同生分枝,绝无同生分枝的现象。其成枝规律随树种、立地条件、栽培技术、树龄不同,且区别明显。R. B. Figlar以分枝习性不同,将合笑属并入木兰属是不妥的。 相似文献
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Four years' old micropropagated plants regenerated by enhanced axillary branching from shoot buds of a single genotype of
Robinia pseudoacacia were characterized by RAPDs. Random amplified polymorphic DNA analysis was carried outusing 19 random 10-mer DNA primers
and 286 RAPD bands were examined which showed 30% polymorphism. Similarity indices ranged from 0.86 to 0.96 among different
plants based on RAPD data. The UPGMA dendrogram was constructed based on similarity indices which showed clustering of different
plants into subgroups based on similarity values. Our results suggest that somaclonal DNA sequence variations are present
even when organized cultures such as shoot buds were used as explant for micro-propagation.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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J. P. Peeters J. C. Albrecht N. W. Galwey R. J. Giles L. Jestin L. J. M. van Soest 《Euphytica》1990,46(1):43-50
Summary Twenty carnation genotypes of diverse origin were planted in September and were kept under an 8h day and a light intensity of 15 W/m2 visible radiation in a phytotron from 30 November to 24 February. Long photoperiods (24 h; LD) were applied in December-January for 25 days. In addition to flowering dates of individual shoots, records wer kept on shoot development (number of visible leaf pairs) on four dates: (1) six weeks after pinching, (2) at the beginning of the LD treatment in December, (3) when plants were transferred from the phytotron to the glasshouse in February and (4) at the time of flowering of individual shoots.The genetic variation in number of visible leaf pairs on each of these dates, in relation to shoot position and rate of unfolding of leaf pairs, was analysed.On the basis of these analyses, the between and within-genotype variation in time of flowering, yield distribution and LD response could be, at least partly, related to variation in the above-mentioned parameters. It was established that relevant genetic variation exists in (1) the initial development of the axillary bud from which a primary shoot is produced after pinching; (2) the rate of leaf unfolding; (3) the minimum number of leaf pairs required for flower initiation and (4) the within-plant variation in the above three characters in relation to shoot position. 相似文献
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Jaya Srivastava Alok Das Khela Ram Soren Sushil Kumar Chaturvedi Nagaswamy Nadarajan Subhojit Datta 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2012,15(3):245-250
Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is a major food legume crops for the tropics and sub-tropical regions and is the main dietary protein source for vegetarians in developing countries. Besides several abiotic factors, its production is constrained by insect pests, as well as many fungal diseases. The success of any attempt to produce resistant varieties through genetic engineering to a large extent depends on the availability of efficient and reproducible regeneration and transformation procedures. Further, the transformation techniques can be more successfully applied if the ontogeny of shoot development is well understood. Ontogeny of shoot development from axillary meristem explants (AME) in chickpea has been studied with the optimization of conditions for high-frequency multiple shoot induction. Preculture of seeds in TDZ significantly enhances the frequency of multiple shoot induction from the explants. Ontogeny and early events of multiple shoot induction revealed direct adventitious origin of the shoots. The understanding of the regeneration process could be further utilized in the designing of efficient transformation methods. 相似文献
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新疆海岛棉的丛生芽诱导和茎尖遗传转化的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以新疆海岛棉新海17号、新海14号、85H为材料,对海岛棉器官发生再生体系和遗传转化进行研究。结果表明：茎尖系统再生能力强,茎尖组培成苗率可达90.5%。在MSB5培养基中,6-BA浓度为0.5 mg ·L-1时,芽诱导率最高;但每个外植体的出芽数所需的最佳浓度是1.5 mg·L-1;当浓度为2.0 mg ·L-1时,开始有抑制出芽的现象;每个外植体最多能诱导4个芽。用农杆菌介导法转化棉花的茎尖,对侵染的损伤和Kan的耐受能力强,对Kan棉花的茎尖选择压达100 mg· L-1;抗性绿苗率可达88.9%。 相似文献
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不同激素对黄檗腋芽丛生芽苗诱导及种质试管保存的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以黄檗嫩茎为外植体,研究不同激素对黄檗嫩茎腋芽丛生芽苗、芽苗生根和试管苗保存的影响。应用均匀设计法筛选其离体培养和种质试管保存各阶段最适合的培养基。结果表明,最适合诱导嫩茎腋芽丛生芽苗的培养基为：N6+TDZ2.86 mg?L-1 +IAA 0.03 mg?L-1,诱导率为99.5%;生根培养基为：1/2N6+KT 0.45 mg?L-1+IBA 0.10 mg?L-1,生根率达97%以上;试管苗保存培养基为：N6 +根皮苷2. 65 mg?L-1 +KT 0.15 mg?L-1,在常温条件下,在试管内保存黄檗种质可达45个月以上,生长率仅达0.74%。通过腋芽丛生和延缓生长的方法,成功建立了黄檗的离体培养和种质试管保存体系。 相似文献
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J. Kiss M. Kondrák O. Törjék E. Kiss G. Gyulai K. Mázik-Tökei L.E. Heszky 《Euphytica》2001,118(2):213-221
Our objectives were to improve the rate of haploid plant regeneration through increasing the rate of callus initiation on
the anthers and sustaining shoot regeneration frequency, and to analyze the field population of anther culture origin by morphological
and molecular methods. Regarding the callus initiation, the most responsive clones were ‘N-90’(59%) in P. nigra and ‘D-29’ (75%) in P. deltoides. The rate of shoot regeneration and number of shoots/calli ranged from 4%–79% and 1–9, respectively. From the 208 rooted
plants 8 haploid, 179 diploid, 4 tetraploid and 17 aneuploid plants were found. In the field population, the haploid plants
could be easily identified by their retarded development and morphological characteristics (size and shape of the leaves,
strong branching, etc). Several diploid plants showed depressed developmental and morphological traits similar to the haploid
ones. Three traits (growth rate, leaf blade length and shape of leaf base) of the 6 different morphological characteristics
measured were in correlation with the ploidy level within the poplar field population. Six primers of the 48 primers tested
were able to detect polymorphism among the field plants.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献