共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 156 毫秒
1.
稳定碳同位素测量法不受时间、空间限制,测定过程简便准确,为了消除常规传统测定水分利用效率(WUE)方法中的缺陷,可将稳定碳同位素示踪技术引用于指示作物的WUE中。本研究综述了稳定碳同位素分馏的基本原理,从植物器官组织、气候因子和水分条件分析了稳定碳同位素分馏特征与WUE的关系和在植物抗旱节水育种上的应用。通过分析不同光合型植物稳定碳同位素分馏特征得出,WUE与碳同位素比值(δ13C)及碳同位素分辨率(Δ13C)具有相关性,植物不同部位器官的δ13C值均有差异,降雨量、光照强度和时长以及土壤水分都对植物δ13C值和WUE产生显著影响。因此,利用δ13C和Δ13C这两个稳定碳同位素指标能够更好地指示植物高WUE和抗旱性,可为提高植物WUE和选育抗旱性品种提供理论依据。 相似文献
2.
稳定性氢氧同位素在植物用水策略中的研究进展 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
作为一种新的分析方法和示踪手段,稳定同位素技术近20多年来在植物生态研究中得以快速发展。文章系统介绍了稳定性氢氧同位素在植物用水策略研究中的最新进展,着重对该技术在确定不同生境下植物用水策略、区分不同功能群植物水分来源、植物水分再分配及指示环境气候信息等研究中的应用及前景作了阐述。 相似文献
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小麦不同器官碳同位素分辨率与产量的相关性研究 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
以20个西北地区小麦地方品种和育成品种(系)为试验材料,在宁夏地区有限灌溉条件和雨养条件下,于2006-2008年连续3年研究了各品种旗叶、籽粒、茎秆的碳同位素分辨率（△13C值）及其与产量的相关性。结果显示：有限灌溉条件下,基部茎秆的△13C与产量的正相关3年均达到了极显著水平;籽粒△13C与产量的正相关有2年达到了极显著水平,另外1年相关不显著;叶片的△13C与产量的正相关只有2008年达到了显著水平,另外2年的相关不显著。而雨养条件下叶片、籽粒和基部茎秆的△13C与产量的相关都不显著,但从不同品种的△13C和产量结果发现低△13C材料在雨养条件下具有较高的产量。因此在本研究有限灌溉条件下利用碳同位素分辨率作为小麦产量的鉴定指标,其最佳测定器官是成熟期的基部茎秆,雨养条件下的最佳测定器官有待于进一步研究确定。 相似文献
4.
探索自然条件下‘云烟87’的最佳施氮量,为‘云烟87’的大田种植提供一定的参考。选择自然条件下种植的‘云烟87’烤烟品种为试验材料,设置每公顷施纯氮60、82、105 kg 3个不同供氮水平进行对比试验,分别记为处理1、处理2和处理3。于打顶前后分4次对7、10、13和15叶位取3株同叶位鲜烟叶,分别测定其稳定碳同位素(δ13C值)、比叶重、光合色素、总碳、全氮、碳氮比等。结果表明:同一气候条件不同施氮处理种植环境下,处理3的色素含量及全氮含量最高,C/N比值及比叶重最低;处理2比叶重、δ13C值以及总碳含量最高,全氮含量以及C/N比值略低于处理3;处理1δ13C值以及碳氮代谢等方面的表现均较差。研究以烟叶稳定碳同位素(δ13C值)为主线,辅以烟叶比叶重、光合色素和碳氮代谢等指标的综合评估,认为‘云烟87’在82 kg/hm2的施氮水平下表现较佳,105 kg/hm2的施氮水平下的烟株表现居中,而60 kg/hm2的施氮水平的烟株则表现最差。据此,可判定‘云烟87’更适宜在每公顷施纯氮82 kg的施肥水平下种植。 相似文献
5.
退化草地碳动态及固碳潜力 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
草地是陆地生态系统中最重要的生态系统之一,在维持陆地碳平衡,减缓气候变化中起着重要作用。笔者论述了草地退化的驱动因子及草地退化中的碳变化效应。从草地生态系统中植物生长和土壤性质2个方面分析了土壤固碳潜力与机制,并结合国内外研究动态,提出未来草地的主要研究方向。 相似文献
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7.
农杆枪法基因遗传转化技术初报 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为提高遗传转化的效率,克服受体范围的限制,采用农杆枪法进行基因的遗传转化.根据已报导的VirD1和VirD2基因的序列设计特异引物,以农杆菌C58菌株的质粒为模板进行PCR扩增,对VirD1和VirD2基因进行克隆.将序列正确的VirD1和VirD2基因连接到植物表达栽体PBI121启动子CaMV 35S和终止子nos之间,构建VirD1和VirD2基因的表达载体pB-VirD1及pB-VirD2.经PCR及酶切鉴定,基因已成功构建到表达载体上,为农杆枪法进行目的基因转化的研究奠定了基础. 相似文献
8.
植物特异DNA序列是指在某些植物属、种、基因组或染色体上单独具有的特异存在的DNA序列。几乎所有的高等生物基因组中都有一些物种或基因组特异(有)的DNA序列。研究这些特定序列,对研究物种间在进化过程中的关系及现有物种间的亲缘关系、特异性状表达等方面有着重要的意义。本文简述了植物特异DNA序列的种类,总结了利用特异DNA序列作为与某一性状基因连锁的分子标记的应用情况,以及特异DNA序列在鉴定外源染色体的来源、某一染色体组或基因组、某一物种或属植物等方面的应用情况,提出了存在的问题与应用前景。 相似文献
9.
C4高效光合基因在C3植物中的应用研究进展 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
高等植物按C的同化反应不同可分为C3、C4和CAM途径。C4植物在长期的进化过程中形成了特有的高效光合基因,使得C4植物在高光强、高温和高氧分压条件下具有较C3植物更高的光合速率。利用转基因技术,将C4高光效基因导入C3植物,提高作物产量,是世界主要农作物育种研究的一个热点。本文综述了C4碳同化途径的特点及其在农作物改良中的应用,并介绍了C4高光效基因对转基因C3植物生理生化和光合作用的影响,探讨了向C3植物中转入C4高光效基因的可能性。 相似文献
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介绍6种冷季型草坪草种 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
随着城市园林绿化的迅速发展,人们对草坪绿地需求档次和欣赏水平也越来越高。现介绍6种冷季型草坪草如下:1 多年生黑麦草 禾本科黑麦草属,多年生植物,是一种很好的草坪草。它具有细弱的根状茎,须根稠密,茎直立,秆丛生,质地柔软等优点。基部倾斜。叶片窄长,深绿色,具光泽,富有弹性。穗状花序,稍弯曲,长的达30cm。小穗扁平、无柄、互生。种子扁平,呈土黄色,长4～6mm。喜温暖、湿润、夏季较凉爽环境。耐寒、抗霜而不耐热,耐湿而不耐干旱,也不耐瘠薄。适宜年降水量1000～1500mm,冬季无严寒而夏季无酷暑地区生长,寿命一般4～6年。在肥沃的排水… 相似文献
11.
玉米水分利用效率、碳稳定同位素判别值和叶面积之间的关系 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过盆栽试验,研究了水分胁迫对玉米各生育期叶面积(LA)、比叶面积(SLA)、水分利用效率(WUE)和碳稳定同位素判别值(Δ13C)的影响以及不同水分条件下WUE、茎叶Δ13C和SLA之间的关系。试验设4个水分处理, 分别为田间持水量的75%~100%(W1)、50%~75%(W2)、30%~50%(W3)和0~30%(W4)。W2和W3处理对生物量干重的影响在玉米拔节期明显,而W4处理导致各生育期生物量干重的极大降低。在W2和W3处理下,玉米各生育期的WUE随着水分胁迫程度的增加而增加;而W4处理下,WUE在孕穗期后则显著降低。SLA在孕穗期达到最大。玉米各生育期叶片Δ13C在W1、W2和W3处理中呈随水分胁迫的增加而降低的趋势,而W4处理下的叶片Δ13C则高于W2和W3处理。玉米叶片光合同化物质往茎秆转移时没有发生碳同位素的分馏作用。在玉米的各生育期,叶片Δ13C、茎秆Δ13C和玉米WUE呈一致性的负相关;各生育期的SLA与Δ13C呈正相关关系,而与WUE呈显著的负相关。 相似文献
12.
This study has been conducted to evaluate the usefulness of carbon isotope discrimination (δ) in mature kernels as a criterion for the improvement of water-use efficiency and yield under drought in durum wheat. For this purpose, Triticum durum‘Om Rabi 5’ was crossed with T. polonicum pseudochrysospermum 9 (Tp9) which has been found to be more drought tolerant and to have a lower carbon isotope discrimination value of the grain. The F2 population showed a wide segregation for carbon isotope discrimination. Further, divergent selections (selection of plants most different in carbon isotope discrimination) were made among individual F2 plants, and for carbon isotope discrimination in F3 progenies under field conditions. Selected F3 and F4 progenies were evaluated under field conditions for morphological and agronomical traits. Broad-sense heritability (h2b), response to selection and realized heritability (h2r) were high. The narrow-sense heritability (h2n= 0.37 ± 0.047) indicated that additive and dominance effects were involved in the genetic control of carbon isotope discrimination. Negative correlations were noted between carbon isotope discrimination and grain yield and between carbon isotope discrimination and biomass yield within years and generations. An explanation of this result is attempted by analysing the relationships between carbon isotope discrimination and several phenological and morphological traits influencing the water-use efficiency. The divergent groups selected for low and high carbon isotope discrimination exhibited significant differences for days to heading, plant height, shape of the spike and number of spikelets per spike. Correlations were also found between carbon isotope discrimination and plant height, harvest index, shape of the spike, spike length, and number of spikes per plant. The potential use of carbon isotope discrimination as a criterion for the improvement of water-use efficiency in durum wheat is discussed by considering the genetics of this trait (variability, heritability, response to selection) and also the associations with phenological and morphological traits. 相似文献
13.
凋落物分解对森林土壤碳库影响的研究进展 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
凋落物分解是陆地生态系统物质循环和能量转换的主要途径,是森林生态系统重要功能之一。凋落物作为外源有机物质,进入土壤后其分解不但会增加土壤中碳源,改变土壤理化性质,而且还会增加土壤中各种微生物的数量,改变土壤微生物群落结构,加速土壤有机碳矿化速率,从而对土壤有机碳库动态变化产生重要影响。土壤是陆地生态系统的核心,研究土壤碳库动态对正确评价土壤在陆地生态系统碳循环以及全球变化中的作用有重要意义。本文就凋落物分解过程及对土壤碳库中土壤呼吸、土壤有机碳、土壤微生物量碳、土壤碳矿化及理化性质等影响进行综述,为土壤碳库周转动态研究提供参考。 相似文献
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烤烟叶片稳定碳同位素组成的品种分异与超微结构的关系 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以云南烟区主栽烤烟品种‘红大’、‘K326’、‘云烟87’和‘NC71’成熟中期中部烟叶作为试验材料,对其稳定碳同位素组成(δ13C)与叶肉细胞叶绿体、腺毛和气孔超微结构关系进行研究,结果表明：（1）δ13C值‘K326’>‘NC71’>‘红大’>‘云烟87’。（2）叶绿体中嗜锇颗粒平均数为‘K326’＞‘NC71’＞‘红大’＞‘云烟87’。（3）‘K326’具分泌功能的长柄腺毛最多且最饱满,‘红大’则较差。（4）气孔总密度为‘K326’＞‘NC71’＞‘云烟87’＞‘红大’。（5）烟叶δ13C值与嗜锇颗粒平均数呈显著正相关(P＜0.05),与淀粉粒平均数、叶绿体长度呈弱正相关(P＞0.05),与淀粉粒长度呈及腺毛总密度呈弱负相关(P＞0.05),与气孔总密度呈正相关关系(P＞0.05)。以上结果反映出烟叶δ13C值存在品种差异,并且这种差异与叶片超微结构存在一定相关性。 相似文献
15.
Xu Wang Charles Y. Chen Phat Dang Joshua Carter Shuli Zhao Marshall C. Lamb Ye Chu Corley Holbrook Peggy Ozias-Akins Thomas G. Isleib Yucheng Feng 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2023,209(2):228-241
Drought stress is one of the major environmental factors limiting peanut (Arachis hypogea L.) productivity. Peanut response to drought varies depending on genotypic characteristics, crop growth stages, and environmental conditions. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of drought stress and rehydration on symbiotic nitrogen fixation and carbon isotope discrimination in peanut genotypes with varying drought tolerance. Experiments were conducted for 2 years in rainout shelters under three irrigation regimes: irrigated control, middle-season drought with rehydration, and late-season drought with rehydration. Reduction in percentages of shoot N derived from the atmosphere (%Ndfa) occurred under both drought treatments in both years; a greater reduction occurred under middle-season drought than under late-season drought. Middle-season drought negatively affected carbon isotope discrimination in both years, although there were no significant differences under late-season drought. Variabilities in %Ndfa and carbon isotope discrimination were found among different genotypes. Under middle-season drought, both %Ndfa and carbon isotope discrimination were higher in drought-tolerant lines than drought-susceptible lines. The most drought-tolerant lines had the highest N-fixing capacity under both drought treatments. Additionally, there was a positive correlation between %Ndfa and carbon isotope discrimination under both drought treatments. In most genotypes, %Ndfa remained unchanged after rehydration; only a few genotypes showed a slight increase in %Ndfa after rehydration following both drought treatments. Our data suggested that symbiotic nitrogen fixation in many peanut genotypes was negatively affected by drought and may not recover from the damage caused by drought upon rehydration. 相似文献
16.
Laurício Endres Claudiana Moura dos Santos Jos Vieira Silva Geraldo Veríssimo de Souza Barbosa Andr Lucas Janurio Silva Angela Froehlich Marcelo Menossi Teixeira 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2019,205(5):433-446
Drought is one of the major climatic factors that reduce crop yields in cultivated areas around the world, and studies on physiological responses may help in the selection of drought tolerant genotypes. Thus, this work aimed to correlate gas exchange, photosynthetic efficiency, carbon isotope discrimination (Δ13C) and antioxidant activity in sugarcane varieties submitted to water stress under field conditions. Six sugarcane varieties were submitted to drought stress in three development stages: tillering, intense growth and ripening. In all varieties, the photosynthetic apparatus was severely affected by drought, with a reduction in photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content. During the tillering stage, reductions in gas exchange and increase in Δ13C and bundle sheath leakiness (φ) were observed. In the intense growth stage, water stress caused increases in leaf temperature, intrinsic water use efficiency, antioxidant enzyme activity and lipid peroxidation, and reductions in stomatal conductance and transpiration in the RB72454, RB855113 and RB855536 varieties. However, the RB92579 variety maintained a better physiological homeostasis at all development stages and presented higher stalks yielding when submitted to drought. This work suggests that screen sugarcane genotype to drought stress should be performed during the intense growth stage, when plants are more sensitive to drought conditions. 相似文献
17.
不同亚生态烟区烤烟对δ13C值变化的响应 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为探明由于经纬度及海拔等地理要素差异对烤烟种植产生的影响,选择云南省大理州弥渡县和祥云县、玉溪市红塔区为试验点,以烤烟品种‘红花大金元’为试验材料,对比分析3地气候条件,δ^13C、光合色素、抗性生理特征及化学成分等指标。结果表明,制约烤烟种植的气候要素尤以气温为甚,弥渡与祥云相比,光合色素差异不明显,类黄酮含量及δ^13C较高,比叶重差异显著;对比1生理特征变化趋势与对比2类似。从化学成分协调性比较,弥渡烟叶的化学成分较好,祥云及大营街次之,但2地较为接近。对3地烟叶与植烟土壤δ^13C的比值进行排序,以弥渡的比值最大,说明弥渡的生态环境最有利于‘红大’的种植。研究以δ^13C值为核心,从一个侧面初步解析了‘红大’品种得以在大理州广泛种植的生态原因。 相似文献
18.
In a pot experiment under controlled condition, Leymus chinensis was grown at five soil water contents and two diurnal temperature variation levels. The leaf relative water content of L. chinensis decreased under soil drought conditions, and increased at high diurnal temperature variation (30/20 °C). Severe and very severe soil drought remarkably reduced photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, transpiration rate and water use efficiency (WUE), especially at the low temperature variation. Severe drought mainly increased the specific radioactivity of 14C of sheaths, roots and rhizomes, but significantly decreased that of fed leaves and the not fully expanded leaves. Root percentage of total radioactivity remaining in the whole plant increased from 15 % at 30/25 °C to 28 % at 30/20 °C. Leaf carbon stable isotope composition (δ13C) increased with soil drought, ranged from ?26 ‰ of the well‐watered to ?24 ‰ of severe drought treatments. High diurnal temperature variation improved leaf water status, and increased partitioning of carbon to root and δ13C values, especially under severe soil drought conditions. In conclusion, higher diurnal temperature variation enhanced the resistance of the plant to drought. 相似文献