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1.
流固耦合的多元结构深厚覆盖层透水地基的力学特性 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
深厚覆盖层多元结构坝基在渗流过程中各土层力学差异明显，分析时关注的具体问题也不尽相同，需要深入研究。基于比奥固结理论，考虑土体的非线性流变以及土体固结变形过程中孔隙度、渗透系数、弹性模量及泊松比的变化；借助ADINA流固耦合模块来模拟西藏达嘎水电站坝基渗流场与应力场耦合过程，分析各层力学特性及相互作用。研究表明，透水性较强的表层土体是渗流主要通道，也是渗流进出区和沉降变形体现区，应在上游采取措施提高其压缩模量，下游区域增设反滤层和排水设施；坝基中的粉细砂层是坝基沉降的主要原因，对坝基沉降起主导作用，同时应注意其液化特性对坝基的不利影响；坝基中的承压含水土层对下游上部结构产生向上顶托力，若位置较深，则破坏性较小；坝基深部土层对整个坝基的渗流破坏影响较小，但对沉降和渗流量的影响不可忽视；表层砂卵砾石层和粉细砂层的渗透系数相差较小时，土层间不会发生接触冲刷。此外，还发现坝基孔隙水压力在快速衰减阶段被消散，期间土体固结较快。垂直防渗墙能有效降低渗透坡降和渗流量，将坝基沉降变形控制在防渗墙上游区域，但上游坝基变形对防渗墙产生较大的水平推力，应加大防渗墙尺寸或者采用辅助渗控措施。 相似文献
2.
黑土机械压实对土壤结构和甜菜产量的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
黑土机械压实是由于机械化作业引起的土壤结构破坏,导致土壤质量下降。通过对土壤孔隙比、土壤孔隙度比、土壤透气性、渗透率等指标的分析,明确了土壤压实积累区变化特征总体上表现为,随着机械压实次数的增加,土壤隙比和土壤孔隙度比均减小,通气性变差,土壤雨水入渗率降低,影响区域以5-10cm耕层土壤为最大,拐点在10cm处,对深层土壤的影响减小。土壤压实给甜菜生长造成不利影响,与对照比甜菜块根直径小6.67%-16.08%,甜菜块根长度短1.96%-17.65%,块根产量减产5.81%-24.13%,含糖率降低0.49-0.81度,糖产量降低4.73%-27.03%,碾压次数越多对甜菜产质量的降低作用越显著。 相似文献
3.
In order to study the mechanical properties and structural properties of soft dredger fill under lateral deformation. Based on true triaxial and WF stress path apparatus, lateral unloading undrained tests were carried out. The results derived from true triaxial test, WF stress path test and routine triaxial shear test were analyzed. The contrastive conclusions are as follows: The stress-strain curve of true triaxial unloading test shows a softening behavior, which is different from the hardening behavior for that of conventional triaxial shear test. With the increase of initial confined pressure, the dilatancy of soil transfers from shrinkage to expansion. The structural yield stress of the unloading soil with true triaxial test method is dramatically larger than that with the latter two tests due to the effect of intermediate principal, which exhibits a nonlinear growth as the coefficient of intermediate principal bd stress jumps. The shear strength indexes of unloading soil with true triaxial test is larger than that with WF stress path test. Compared with the results of routine triaxial test, the internal friction angle of true triaxial test is bigger while the cohesion is smaller. 相似文献
4.
Yangla copper mine is going to build a new tailings pond for its tailings disposal. The tailings dam is 185.0 m high and centerline method is used to construct the tailings pond. For the stability of the tailings dam, 2D FLOW program is used for the numerical simulation study about the dam seepage. During simulation calculation, different conditions which include a drainage system installed into the dam or not and different beach widths, i.e. 70 (the flood condition), 100, 300 m (the normal condition), are considered. Through calculation, the change of the seepage under different conditions is obtained, which shows if the drainage system is installed into the tailings dam, the underground water can be successfully drained out. This can keep the phreatic surface level relatively low, so as to improve the stability of the dam. 相似文献
5.
Nine short-duration pigeonpea genotypes were given adequate soil moisture throughout growth or subjected to water stress during the late vegetative and flowering (stress 1), flowering and early pod development (stress 2), or podfill (stress 3) growth stages under field conditions. The stress 1 treatment had no significant effect on the time to flowering. No stress treatment affected maturity or inter-plant flowering synchronization. The interval from a newly opened flower to a mature pod was about 30 days for all genotypes, and was unchanged in plants that were recovenng from stress 1 or undergoing stress 2. Seed yield was reduced to the greatest extent by stress 2 (by 37 %) and not significantly affected by stress 3 for all genotypes. No consistent differences were found between determinate and indeterminate genotypes in the ability to maintain seed yield under both stress 1 and stress 2. The harvest index was significantly reduced (22 %) by stress 2 but not by stress 1. However, under each soil moisture treatment, genotypic differences for seed yield were associated largely with differences in total dry matter production (TDM). For all genotypes, the number of pods m-2 was the only yield component significantly affected by the water stress treatments. The stability of other yield components should be fully exploited to improve the stability of seed yield under drought conditions (drought resistance). Possible characteristics which may improve the drought resistance of short-duration pigeonpea include the ability to maintain TDM, low flowering synchronization, small pod size with few seeds pod-1 , and large 100-seed mass. 相似文献
6.
为明确不同粳稻品种在江苏沿海滩涂地区的产量和品质表现,以近期育成的23个新品种（系）为材料、其中盐稻12号为对照,在中低盐分（2g/kg）复垦滩涂地块,微咸水（矿化度0.94~2.44g/L）灌溉,比较滩涂实地盐胁迫下粳稻产量和品质的表现。结果表明,参试品种（系）平均产量8.21t/hm2,变幅6.19~11.74t/hm2,为邻近无盐胁迫老垦区产量的85%左右;主要的穗粒结构表现为穗多而粒少,增加穗粒数是滩涂水稻高产栽培途径之一。就稻米品质而言,滩涂中低度盐胁迫对糙米率、精米率、长宽比和食味值的影响不大,对整精米率有一定的影响,影响最大的是稻米外观品质指标垩白粒率和垩白度,在耐盐品种选育与筛选中要加强对垩白度的选择。 相似文献
7.
The ultimate bearing capacity of foundation based on Mohr-Coulomb strength criterion did not analyze effect of intermediate principal stress on yield and failure of soil so that the disparity between results obtained using Mohr-Coulomb strength criterion and those from experimental data are produced .In the paper , The ultimate bearing capacity of foundation based on unified strength theory is established and a unified solutions are obtained. The corresponding solutions of different materials can be got from it .The unified solution can not only be used to fit the properties of the materials with different tension-pressure strength but also those with equal tension-pressure strength, Results show that ones make full use of the properties of the materials so as to reduce supports,which is of important significance for engineering. 相似文献
8.
The technology of splitting grouting for earth dam is one of the important technical measures to improve the quality of dam. However, the consolidation mechanism of slurry in the dam is not clear, which can not evaluate the effects of seepage control of the dam after grouting. Therefore, assuming that the construction technology does not change and with the consideration of interaction between the layout of hole-boring distance and the effects of seepage control, the Mohr-Coulomb Hardening model and fluid-solid coupling method were used to analyze the rule of pore pressure, stress and strain in the dam during splitting grouting based on the finite element simulation. The consolidation mechanics was discussed and stability of the dam was evaluated. 相似文献
9.
In order to investigate the issue in the field of the application of CFG pile application of CFG pile composite foundation technology in deep embedded secret passage of such special structure ground treatment, the settlement deformation of CFG pile composite foundation according to deep are studied and detailed analysis are given in the field test and indoor model test of the gravel cushion with different thickness. Moreover it points out that the cushion compressive deformation must be taken into account, and that the settlement deformation calculation cannot simply consider the amendments of composite foundation. The amendments of cushion deformation must be considered. The effect of the different thickness of cushion on pile-soil stress ratio, total settlement of composite foundation, cushion compression and axial stress of pile body were analysed by using ABAQUS finite element method. Through the analysis of the field test, indoor model test and the numerical simulation of CFG piles-gravel cushion composite foundation of the deep embedded secret passage, a settlement deformation monitoring method has been described and the selection principle of the cushion has determined so as to provide the cushion design basis in the process of composite foundation design. 相似文献
10.
The specific properties of soft clay are characterized by higher void ratio, lower permeability and higher compressibility, the consolidation settlement of soft clay is affected by the imposed stress history, the stress paths, the consolidation pressure and the soil properties. In this paper, the porous media theory based on the mixture theory was applied in the study on the consolidation settlement of soft clay, which was more rigorous than the conventional consolidation settlement theory and the coupling between soil and water can be taken into account in the analysis. 相似文献
11.
Soil arching effect is important for stabilizing the soil behind anti sliding pile. The creep of soil mass will inevitably lead to the formation of soil arching, which has time effect. In this analysis, an indoor thrust pile model test is proposed. The characteristics of stress distribution in the soil and the time effect of soil arching behind anti sliding pile are analyzed. The experimental data acquired by the soil pressure cells arranged along the normal direction of the thrust show that soil arching effect is enhanced with the increase of thrust.The thickness of soil arch increases with time.And the data obtained by soil pressure cells arranged along the direction of the thrust show that the horizontal soil arching effect increases and then gradually extends.The scope of stress dispersion has very large growth along the normal direction as time goes on. 相似文献
12.
Tailing sands, coarse tailing sands and fine tailing sands all were prepared by artificial partitioning experimentation in accordance with the requirements of central line damming. DDS 70 electromagnet kinetic equipment was used to study the dynamic strength, stress strain relationship, dynamic modulus and damping ratio of three tailing sand types. The dynamic strength and parameters were determined, and some influential factors, such as particle composition, confining pressure, consolidated stress ratio and dynamic stress, were discussed. The test results provide basic data for the stability evaluation of the Yangla copper tailing dam under a magnitude 8 earthquake. 相似文献
13.
A Stress Path Damage Constitutive Model for Sang 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
A hypothesis that the skeleton deformation of sand is only the deformation of the interfaces of grains, and the deformation characteristics including nonlinearity, plastic deformation and shear dilation are controlled by the sliding of interfaces of grains within skeleton, is presented.The contact between grains is classified as perfect contact and sliding contact in this paper.In the elastic deformation phase, the contact between grains is regarded as perfect contact.With the increase of shear stress, there are gradual conversions from perfect contacts to sliding contacts which are viewed of damages in this paper.Based on Mohr Coulomb law, a calculation method for the damage ratio is given according to the relative distance of the stress point to the initial damage line and failure line.On this basis, a damage constitutive model is proposed.The model properties can be conveniently obtained through conventional triaxial compression test and constant stress ratio consolidation test.Test results indicate that the model is capable of predicting deformation behavior for various conditions, including varying consolidation conditions and stress paths. 相似文献
14.
土壤水分胁迫对水稻产量和品质的影响 总被引：31，自引：1，他引：30
以农大3号为试材,盆栽,控水,研究了不同生育阶段土壤水分（水势）胁迫（≤－75 kPa）对水稻产量和品质的影响。结果表明,孕穗中期土壤水分胁迫导致功能叶变短,穗粒数减少,生物产量与经济产量降低,糙米率、米粒长宽比、食味下降。分蘖期干旱胁迫使单穴有效穗数降低,生物产量与经济产量下降。出穗后干旱胁迫导致叶片萎蔫变黄,叶面积指数下降。乳熟期和灌浆期干旱胁迫,饱满粒率、饱满千粒重降低,整精米率下降。灌浆期干旱还导致垩白率、垩白度明显增高。蜡熟期干旱使叶绿素含量减少,胶稠度、蛋白质含量降低。 相似文献
15.
Stress of diaphragm wall is analyzed by plane finite element method for high earth-rockfill dams built on deep soil foundation. The differences of stress are studied with two kinds of different constitutive models, i.e. elastic model and nonlinear elastic model, and meanwhile, the influences of the height of dam and diaphragm wall for this two constitutive models are also compared. The results show that, the variation laws of the stress of diaphragm wall are similar for both of the models. But, the stress computed by nonlinear elastic model is much smaller than elastic model does. Under the condition of low stress, the results are similar for the two models, but have big differences for high stress. In addition, for this two models, with the increasing of height of dam and diaphragm wall, the maximal values of the stress are increasing constantly, and relative error of the maximal value of the stress as well, which have the linear relation with the height of dam and diaphragm wall. So, for the conditions of high dams or deep soil foundations, nonlinear elastic model is the right one to use because of the high stress of diaphragm wall. 相似文献
16.
17.
ZHOU Xiao-ping~ 《保鲜与加工》2004,(1):73-76
In elastic-plastic solution of expansion of spherical cavities, based on Mohr-Coulomb strength criterion, the effect of intermediate principal stress on yield and failure of soil is not analyzed. Therefore, there is disparity between results obtained by Mohr-Coulomb strength criterion and those obtained from experimental data. In this paper, the elastic-plastic solution of expansion of spherical cavities, based on unified strength theory is established and unified solutions are obtained. The corresponding solutions of different materials can be obtained. The unified solution cannot only be used to fit the properties of the materials with different tension-pressure strength, but also those with equal tension-pressure strength. The results show that by this solution, full use of the properties of the materials can be attained to reduce supports, which is of important significance for engineering 相似文献
18.
U. R. Sangakkara 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》1994,172(1):62-68
A study evaluated the response of two varieties of beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) to different soil moisture levels during a dry season. The soil moisture regimes maintained throughout the growth period were field capacity, 70–75 %, 50–55 % or 20–25 % available soil moisture.
Plant growth, yield and nodulation were optimal when plants grew at high soil moisture levels. With increasing stress, all measured parameters of both varieties were reduced. However, polebeans, with its vine type of growth was affected to a greater degree than bushbeans. In contrast, nodulation and nodule activity of both variables was affected by moisture stress.
A second experiment evaluated the effects of different soil moisture levels over the growth cycle of bushbeans, which produce greater yields under drier conditions. The highest yields were obtained at higher moisture levels throughout the growth cycle. Moisture stress up to flowering reduced yields to a greater extent than when the plants were subjected to reduced soil moisture after flowering appearance. Some casual mechanisms of the results of the experiments and possible implications for incorporating this popular vegetable legume in rainfed agricultural systems are presented. 相似文献
Plant growth, yield and nodulation were optimal when plants grew at high soil moisture levels. With increasing stress, all measured parameters of both varieties were reduced. However, polebeans, with its vine type of growth was affected to a greater degree than bushbeans. In contrast, nodulation and nodule activity of both variables was affected by moisture stress.
A second experiment evaluated the effects of different soil moisture levels over the growth cycle of bushbeans, which produce greater yields under drier conditions. The highest yields were obtained at higher moisture levels throughout the growth cycle. Moisture stress up to flowering reduced yields to a greater extent than when the plants were subjected to reduced soil moisture after flowering appearance. Some casual mechanisms of the results of the experiments and possible implications for incorporating this popular vegetable legume in rainfed agricultural systems are presented. 相似文献
19.
沙薄地追施硫肥对小麦产量和品质的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以豫麦50（弱筋）和豫麦49（中筋）两个品种为试验材料,研究了沙薄地大田条件下追施硫肥对小麦产量和品质的影响。结果表明：拔节期追硫可增加穗粒数,提高千粒重,显著增加子粒产量;子粒硬度增加、出粉率提高,面团吸水率增加、形成时间和稳定时间延长,弱化度增加,灰分、蛋白质和湿面筋含量下降。从协调小麦产量与品质的角度出发,以少量追硫效果为好,弱筋小麦豫麦50的适宜追硫量为22.5kg/hm2,中筋小麦豫麦49的适宜追硫量为45.0kg/hm2。 相似文献
20.
基础尺寸对碎石土地基扩底基础上拔承载力影响的现场试验研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
影响基础上拔承载能力的因素包括地基土物理力学参数及基础尺寸参数,而确定混凝土方量最小、基础上拔承载力最大的基础参数配比是基础优化设计的关键。以戈壁滩碎石土地基中的原状土扩底基础为研究对象,采用正交设计方法,以立柱直径、深宽比、扩展角为影响因素,以基础上拔承载力为分析指标,设计出9组尺寸的足尺基础。通过现场试验,获得了各试验基础的荷载位移曲线和上拔承载力值,提出了采用渐变率的概念表征荷载位移曲线的非线性变化特征,通过分析发现基础荷载位移曲线渐变率与承载能力呈负相关。结合正交试验分析结果,得出立柱直径、深宽比、扩展角3个因素中对碎石土地基原状土扩底基础抗拔承载能力的影响程度由大到小依次为深宽比、立柱直径、扩展角,表明在戈壁滩碎石土地基基础的工程设计中增加深宽比能提高基础抗拔承载能力。 相似文献