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1.
Fusarium head blight (FHB) in triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack) results in yield losses and mycotoxin contamination, for example, by deoxynivalenol (DON). This study aimed to analyse the correlation between FHB severity and DON content in a DH population of 146 entries across environments. Additionally, Fusarium damaged kernel (FDK) rating, heading stage and plant height were recorded. Highly significant (P < 0.001) genotypic variances were found throughout, but also significant (P < 0.001) genotype–environment interaction variances occurred. Correlation between FHB severity and heading stage or plant height was low (r = 0.144 and r = ?0.153, P < 0.10). A prediction of DON content from FHB severity or FDK rating is not possible caused by low correlations (r = 0.315 and 0.572, respectively, P < 0.001). A common quantitative trait locus (QTL) for all FHB‐related traits was found on wheat chromosome 2A being of minor importance for FHB severity, but of high importance for DON content and FDK rating. Another QTL on rye chromosome 5R was more important for FHB severity. In conclusion, DON content has to be measured in triticale after selection for FHB severity to gain for healthy and mycotoxin‐reduced feed.  相似文献   

2.
Small-grain winter cereal crops can be infected with Fusarium head blight (FHB) leading to mycotoxin contamination and reduction in grain weight and quality. Although a number of studies have investigated the genetic variation of genotypes within each small-grain cereal, a systematic comparison of the winter crops rye, triticale, durum and bread wheat for their FHB resistance, Fusarium-damaged kernels (FDK) and deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination across species is still missing. We have therefore evaluated twelve genotypes each of four crops widely varying in their FHB resistance under artificial infection with one DON-producing F. culmorum isolate at constant spore concentrations and additionally at crop-specific concentrations in two environments. Rye and triticale were the most resistant crops to FHB followed by bread and durum wheat at constant and crop-specific spore concentrations. On average, rye accumulated the lowest amount of DON (10.08 mg/kg) in the grains, followed by triticale (15.18 mg/kg) and bread wheat (16.59 mg/kg), while durum wheat had the highest amount (30.68 mg/kg). Genotypic variances within crops were significant (p ≤ .001) in most instances. These results underline the differing importance of breeding for FHB resistance in the different crops.  相似文献   

3.
Fusarium head blight (FHB) remains a serious problem that causes yield and grain quality losses, and mycotoxin accumulation in wheat production in western Japan. A 3-year field trial with artificial FHB inoculation was conducted to evaluate varietal characteristics of FHB resistance among 31 wheat cultivars/lines cultivated in western Japan, including one standard line. Severity of FHB, frequency of Fusarium-damaged kernels (FDK), deoxynivalenol concentration (DON), nivalenol concentration (NIV), and grain yield showed significant differences among years and among cultivars/lines. Interaction between years and cultivars/lines was also significant in these traits, but F values were larger for cultivars/lines than for the interaction. Correlation analysis showed that cultivars/lines with lower FHB severities tended to have lower FDK, DON and NIV, and a higher yield. Resistance to kernel infection (RKI), residuals calculated by regressing FDK against FHB severity, and resistance to mycotoxin accumulation (RTA), residuals calculated by regressing DON + NIV against FDK, also differed significantly among cultivars/lines. These results indicated that varietal differences in response to FHB symptom development, RKI and RTA exist among wheat cultivars/lines in western Japan. Such information is important to aid producers in controlling the disease and for breeders to improve FHB resistance and reduce mycotoxin accumulation in commercial wheat cultivars.  相似文献   

4.
The inheritance of Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance was investigated in eight western European wheat lines using a half-diallel of F1 crosses. The parents and F1 crosses were point-inoculated, with a highly aggressive isolate of Fusarium graminearum, in replicated field and glasshouse trials. Type II resistance was assessed by measuring the % FHB spread and % wilted tips. There was a good correlation between the two disease parameters, % FHB spread area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) and % wilted tips AUDPC (r = 0.86, P < 0.01). Correlation coefficients between the field and glasshouse environments were r = 0.46 (P < 0.01) for % FHB spread AUDPC and r = 0.40 (P < 0.05) for % wilted tips AUDPC. Both general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) effects influenced the inheritance of FHB resistance, suggesting that in this set of parents both additive and non-additive (dominance or epistatic) effects influence the inheritance of type II FHB resistance. Highly significant GCA-by-environment (P < 0.0001) and SCA-by-environment (P < 0.005) interactions were also observed. Specific combinations of western European wheat varieties were identified with type II FHB resistance at a level equal to or more resistant than the winter wheat variety ‘Arina’.  相似文献   

5.
Variation for resistance to Fusarium head blight in spring barley   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a fungal disease of barley and other cereals, causing substantial yield and quality losses, mainly due to the contamination of the harvest with mycotoxins. We aimed to evaluate genetic variation for resistance to FHB and its association with other plant characters in diverse barley germplasm in order to identify useful lines for resistance breeding. The 143 barley lines consisted of 88 current European spring barley lines and cultivars, 33 accessions from the genebank at IPK Gatersleben, and 22 lines obtained from North American institutions. We conducted artificially inoculated field experiments with Fusarium graminearum Schwabe during two seasons. FHB severity was evaluated by repeated assessment of visual symptoms. On a set of 49 lines several trichothecene mycotoxins were analyzed. Variation for FHB severity was quantitative. The lines with lowest FHB severity were 'CIho 4196' and 'PI 566203'. Also within the European spring barley collection variation for FHB severity was highly significant. There was a significant negative correlation between plant height and FHB severity (r=– 0.55). FHB severity assessed in the field and the amount of deoxynivalenol in the harvested grains were positively correlated (r= 0.87). Several lines with a useful level of FHB resistance were found or confirmed and are recommended as crossing partners.  相似文献   

6.
Fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat and triticale leads to contamination of the grain with the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) that is harmful to animal and man. A fast, low-cost, and reliable method for quantification of the DON content in the grain is essential for selection. We analysed 113 wheat and 55 triticale genotypes for their symptom development on spikes, Fusarium exoantigen (ExAg) and DON content in the grain after artificial inoculation with a highly aggressive isolate of F. culmorum in three (wheat) and six (triticale) location-by-year combinations. Additionally, in triticale the amount of Fusarium damaged kernels (FDK) was assessed. ExAg content was analysed by a newly developed Fusarium-specific plate-trapped antigen enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (PTA-ELISA) and DON content by an immunoassay. A moderate disease severity resulted in an ExAg content of 0.87 optical density (OD) units in wheat and 1.02 OD in triticale. DON content ranged from 12.0 to 105.2 mg kg–1 in wheat and from 24.2 to 74.0 mg kg–1 in triticale. Genotypic and genotype-by-environment interaction variances were significant (P < 0.01). Coefficient of phenotypic correlation between DON content analysed by the immunoassay and ExAg content was r = 0.86 for wheat and r = 0.60 for triticale. The highest correlation between DON content and symptom rating was found by FHB rating in wheat (r = 0.77) and by FDK rating in triticale (r = 0.71). In conclusion, selection for reduced FHB symptoms should lead to a correlated selection response in low fungal biomass and low DON content in the grain.  相似文献   

7.
Resistances to Septoria tritici blotch (STB) and Fusarium head blight (FHB) are important goals in European wheat breeding. We tested 25 winter wheat cultivars differing in their resistance to both diseases by inoculating Zymoseptoria tritici or Fusarium culmorum either separately on different plots or combined on the same plot. Experiments were carried out across three location × year combinations in four variants: non‐inoculated, STB inoculated, FHB inoculated and STB+FHB inoculated at the respective optimal plant stages. On the individually inoculated plots, mean STB severities ranged from 12% to 70% and mean FHB severities from 0.3% to 67% across wheat cultivars. The resistances to STB and FHB were not correlated. Mean disease severities of the respective inoculation variants, STB vs. STB+FHB and FHB vs. STB+FHB, were not significantly different (P > 0.1), and correlations between both inoculation variants were extremely high (r = 0.98) for STB. In conclusion, breeding populations have to be selected for both resistances separately, but phenotyping can be performed on the same plot without ranking differences of the respective resistance.  相似文献   

8.
Fusarium head blight (FHB), or scab, is a devastating wheat disease worldwide, reducing both grain yield and quality. The percentage of Fusarium-damaged kernels (FDK) directly reflects the damage level caused by scab on wheat grains and its variation represents the so-called type IV scab resistance in germplasm. To identify genes governing type IV resistance and investigate its relationship with other scab resistance types, we mapped QTLs associated with percent FDK using data from three different field evaluations of the recombination inbred line (RIL) population derived from the susceptible cultivar Nanda 2419 × the scab-resistant cultivar Wangshuibai. Five QTLs related to percent FDK were identified in at least two different trials, for which Wangshuibai contributed four of the resistance alleles. Most of the FDK-related QTLs, including the three with larger effects, QFdk.nau-2B, QFdk.nau-3B and QFdk.nau-4B, mapped to intervals associated with either type IV resistance or type II resistance. Moreover, most of the major type I and type II resistance QTLs detected previously were associated with type IV resistance, suggesting that resistance to initial infection and disease spread play major roles in conditioning less FDK. Therefore, breeders have options to choose inoculation methods based on their expertise and resources without risking significant loss of information when using percent FDK as the disease index. The most useful scab resistance QTLs for breeding would be those with stable influences on FDK and/or deoxynivalenol (DON) accumulation besides the initial infection and disease spread. Chunjun Li and Huilan Zhu contributed equally to this work.  相似文献   

9.
Rye is a multi-purpose cereal crop grown in Central and Eastern Europe as well as in Western Canada. Fusarium head blight (FHB) is one of the diseases that have a severe negative impact on rye, but knowledge about FHB resistance at the genomic level is totally missing in rye. The objective of this study was to elucidate the genetic architecture of FHB resistance in winter rye using genome-wide association (GWA) mapping complemented by genomic prediction (GP) in comparison with marker-assisted selection (MAS). Additionally, plant height and heading stage were analysed. A panel of 465 S1-inbred lines of winter rye was phenotyped in three environments (location–year combinations) for FHB resistance by inoculation with Fusarium culmorum and genotyped with a 15k SNP array. Significant genotypic variation and high heritabilities were found for FHB resistance, heading stage and plant height. FHB did not correlate with heading stage, but was moderately correlated with plant height (r = −.52, p < .001) caused by some susceptible short inbred lines. The GWA scan identified 15 QTL for FHB resistance that jointly explained 74% of the genotypic variance. In addition, we detected 11 QTL for heading stage and 8 QTL for plant height, explaining 26% and 14% of the genotypic variance, respectively. A genome-wide prediction approach resulted in 44% higher prediction abilities than marker-assisted selection for FHB resistance. In conclusion, genomic approaches appear promising to improve and accelerate breeding for complex traits in winter rye.  相似文献   

10.
The objectives of this study were to investigate (i) the correlations between Fusarium head blight (FHB) index, deoxynivalenol (DON) accumulation and percentage of Fusarium‐damaged kernels (FDK) with agronomic and quality traits and (ii) the effect associated with the presence of single QTLs for FHB resistance on agronomic and quality traits in winter wheat. The population was derived from the cross between ‘RCATL33' (FHB resistance derived from ‘Sumai 3’ and ‘Frontana’) and ‘RC Strategy’. Parental lines and recombinant inbred lines (RILs) were genotyped with SSR markers associated with the 3B, 5A and 3A QTLs. The population was planted in FHB‐inoculated nurseries and in agronomy trials. Lines in the 3B QTL class had the lowest FHB index, DON content and FDK level and did not have a significantly lower yield, thousand kernel weight or protein content compared with the lines grouped in other QTL classes (including no QTL class). Marker‐assisted selection of the 3B QTL for FHB resistance into high‐yielding FHB‐susceptible winter wheat is the recommended approach for the development of lines with increased FHB resistance without significant yield and quality penalties.  相似文献   

11.
Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by the fungal plant pathogen Fusarium, is a fungal disease that occurs in wheat and can cause significant yield and grain quality losses. The present paper examines variation in the resistance of spring wheat lines derived from a cross between Zebra and Saar cultivars. Experiments covering 198 lines and parental cultivars were conducted in three years, in which inoculation with Fusarium culmorum was applied. Resistance levels were estimated by scoring disease symptoms on kernels. In spite of a similar reaction of parents to F. culmorum infection, significant differentiation between lines was found in all the analyzed traits. Seven molecular markers selected as linked to FHB resistance QTLs gave polymorphic products for Zebra and Saar: Xgwm566, Xgwm46, Xgwm389, Xgwm533, Xgwm156, Xwmc238, and Xgwm341. Markers Xgwm389 and Xgwm533 were associated with the rate of Fusarium-damaged kernels (FDK) as well as with kernel weight per spike and thousand kernel weight in control plants. Zebra allele of marker Xwmc238 increased kernel weight per spike and thousand kernel weight both in control and infected plants, whereas Zebra allele of marker Xgwm566 reduced the percentage of FDK and simultaneously reduced the thousand kernel weight in control and infected plants.  相似文献   

12.
The genetic background of Fusarium head blight (FHB) resistance in the moderately resistant wheat variety Frontana was investigated in the GK Mini Manó/Frontana DH population (n = 168). The plant material was evaluated across seven epidemic environments for FHB, Fusarium-damaged kernel (FDK) and deoxynivalenol (DON) contents caused by two Fusarium species (F. culmorum and F. graminearum). The effects of phenotypic traits such as plant height and heading date were also considered in the experiments. In the population, 527 polymorph markers (DArT, SSR) within a distance of 1,381 cM distance were mapped. The quantitative trait locus/loci (QTL) on chromosomes 4A and 4B demonstrated a significant linkage only with FHB, while QTL on chromosomes 3A, 4B, 7A and 7B were linked to DON accumulation alone. Regions determining all the investigated Fusarium resistance traits were identified on chromosomes 1B, 2D, 3B, 5A, 5B and 6B. The markers in these regions are of the greatest significance from the aspect of resistance breeding. Our results indicate that the genetic background of resistance against FHB, FDK and DON accumulation can differ, and all these traits should be taken under consideration during resistance tests. Moreover, this is the first report on the mapping of Frontana-derived QTL that influence DON accumulation, which is important since the level of DON contamination determines the actions of the food and feed industries. Selection should therefore also focus on this trait by using molecular markers linked to DON content.  相似文献   

13.
Fusarium head blight (FHB), or head scab, is an economically important disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). In developing FHB-resistant soft winter wheat cultivars, breeders have relied on phenotypic selection, marker assisted selection (MAS), or a combination of the two. The objectives of this study were to estimate heritability of resistance in a resistant × susceptible cross and to simulate selection in order to determine the optimal combination of phenotypic and genotypic selection. F2 derived lines from the cross of KY93C-1238-17-2 (high yielding, susceptible) × VA01W-476 (resistant line with two exotic quantitative trait loci (QTL) and additional resistance) were grown under artificial inoculation in scab nurseries at Lexington (2007 and 2008) and Princeton (2008), KY. Visual symptoms were estimated on a 1–3 scale; percentage Fusarium damaged kernels (FDK), and deoxynivalenol (DON) concentration were measured. VA01W-476 contributed resistance alleles at two major QTL: Fhb1 and a QTL on chromosome 2DL, QFhs.nau-2DL. In this genetic background, the effect of QFhs.nau-2DL was more pronounced than that of Fhb1: 55 vs. 25% DON reduction and 40 vs. 32% FDK reduction. Genotypic selection based on both QTL was equivalent to phenotypic selection of the most resistant 28% of the population for DON and the most resistant 24% of the population for FDK. We propose that an initial round of phenotypic selection at moderate selection intensity will enrich the population with major QTL resistance alleles while maintaining variation at minor scab resistance loci and for other traits in general. Genotyping can then be used to extract lines whose phenotypic worth has been demonstrated and which are homozygous for resistance alleles at the major QTL.  相似文献   

14.
Fusarium head blight (FHB, scab) caused by Fusarium spp. is a widespread disease of cereals causing relevant yield and quality losses and contaminating cereal products with mycotoxins. Breeding resistant cultivars is the method of choice for controlling the disease. Resistance to FHB is a quantitative trait and is most likely governed by several genes. We present the results of an F1 diallel analysis of FHB resistance involving six resistant and one susceptible European winter wheat genotypes of diverse origin in order to identify promising combinations for the selection of improved cultivars. Parents and F1s including reciprocals were evaluated for FHB resistance in an artificially inoculated field trial. Two traits were assessed: visual disease symptoms on the heads and the percentage of Fusarium damaged kernels in a harvested sample. General combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) effects were statistically significant for visual symptoms and kernel damage, whereas reciprocal effects were small or not significant. Heterosis for resistance was common, indicating that the parental genotypes possess different resistance genes. Selection of transgressive segregates should be feasible from such heterotic combinations. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

15.
Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused primarily by Fusarium graminearum (Schwabe), is an important wheat disease. In addition to head blight, F. graminearum also causes Fusarium seedling blight (FSB) and produces the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) in the grain. The objectives of this study were: (1) to compare the relationship between resistance of wheat lines to F. graminearum in the seedlings and spikes and (2) to determine whether the quantitative trait loci (QTL) for FSB were the same as QTLs for FHB resistance and DON level reported for the same population previously (Somers et al. 2003). There was no relationship between FSB infection and FHB index or DON content across the population. A single QTL on chromosome 5B that controlled FSB resistance was identified in the population; the marker WMC75 explained 13.8% of the phenotypic variation for FSB. This value implies that there may be other QTL with minor effects present, but they were not detected in the analysis. Such a QTL on chromosome 5B was not reported previously among the QTLs associated with FHB resistance and DON level in this population. However, because of recombination, some lines in the present study have Fusarium resistance for both seedling and head blight simultaneously. For example, DH line HC 450 had the highest level of resistance to FSB and FHB and was among the ten lines with lowest DON content. This line is a good candidate to be used as a parent for future crosses in breeding for Fusarium seedling resistance, together with breeding for head blight resistance. This approach may be effective in increasing overall plant resistance to Fusarium.  相似文献   

16.
Much effort has been invested in identifying molecular markers in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) linked to quantitative trait loci (QTL) that confer resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB) caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe [teleomorph Gibberella zeae (Schwein) Petch]. Even after several generations of crossing and selection by many wheat breeding programs, resistance of the Chinese spring wheat cultivar ‘Sumai 3’ (PI 481542) remains among the most effective. It therefore seems that undocumented resistance QTL present in Sumai 3 were not detected in various mapping studies. Using an extremely susceptible Tibetan landrace (‘Y1193-6’; unknown pedigree) in the creation of a mapping population with Sumai 3, the objective of this research was to identify undocumented resistance QTL in Sumai 3. This was accomplished through collecting disease index (DI) and Fusarium damaged kernel (FDK) phenotypic values along with 305 Diversity Array Technology (DArT) and 52 Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) marker genotypes on 160 F2:6 recombinant inbred lines (RILs). Disease response evaluations were based on four (two greenhouse and two field) experiments where spray inoculation methods were used. Three QTL were identified on chromosome arms 3BS, 6BL and 2DS explaining 26.1, 10.7 and 18.9% of the phenotypic variation for DI, respectively. The same QTL were also significantly associated with reduced FDK scores and explained 28.0, 11.0 and 23.0% of phenotypic variation. Lines within the mapping population were placed in eight categories with respect to their various QTL combinations. Lines with no QTL were the most susceptible, whereas those with the Sumai 3-derived 3BS and 6BL QTL combined with the 2DS QTL from Y1193-6 were the most resistant. Though the 3BS and 6BL QTL are well-documented, the 2DS resistance QTL, which was contributed by the susceptible parent, confers increased susceptibility when derived from Sumai 3. In this study no new FHB QTL from Sumai 3 was discovered, but results suggest that Sumai 3 contains a QTL for susceptibility on chromosome arm 2DS. Selection against this QTL may potentially increase resistance levels among Sumai 3-derived populations.  相似文献   

17.
New sources of partial resistance to Fusarium head blight (FHB) in wheat have been identified over the past decade; however, little is known of their breeding value. A 20 parent partial diallel that included resistant genotypes from the U.S., Europe, China and South America was used to evaluate the potential of these sources of resistance as parents in wheat breeding programs. Eight plants replication−1 of each of 190 crosses and 20 parents were point-inoculated with Fusarium graminearum under greenhouse conditions in two replicated experiments. Both general (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were significant. Most of the variance for FHB severity was associated with additive genes; however, estimates for SCA ranged from highly negative to highly positive in both resistant × resistant and resistant × susceptible crosses which suggest that improving FHB resistance through gene pyramiding strategies based on additive genetic variation may be complicated by interaction effects that condition FHB resistance.  相似文献   

18.
Fusarium head blight (FHB) infects all cereals including maize and is considered a major wheat disease, causing yield losses and mycotoxin contamination. This study aimed to compare the realized selection gain from marker and phenotypic selection in European winter wheat. A double cross (DC) combined three FHB resistance donor-QTL alleles (Qfhs.lfl-6AL and Qfhs.lfl-7BS from ‘Dream’, and one QTL on chromosome 2BL from ‘G16-92’) with two high yielding, susceptible winter wheats, ‘Brando’ and ‘LP235.1’. The base population of 600 DC derived F1 lines was on one hand selected for the respective QTLs by SSR markers (marker-selected cycle, CM), resulting in 35 progeny possessing different combinations of beneficial donor-QTL alleles. On the other hand it was selected phenotypically, only by FHB rating, and the best 20 lines were recombined and selfed (phenotypically selected cycle, CP). The variants CP, CM, and an unselected variant (C0) were tested at four locations by inoculation of Fusarium culmorum. Resistance was measured as the mean of multiple FHB ratings (0–100%). FHB severity was reduced through both phenotypic and marker selection by 6.2 vs. 5.0%, respectively. On a per-year basis, marker selection by 2.5% was slightly superior to phenotypic selection with 2.1%, because the first variant saved 1 year. Marker-selected lines were on average 8.6 cm taller than phenotypically selected lines. A high genetic variation within the marker-selected variant for FHB resistance and the high effect of a resistance-QTL allele on straw length indicate that additional phenotypic selection will further enhance selection gain.  相似文献   

19.
Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a highly destructive disease of wheat and other cereals which causes serious mycotoxin contaminations of grain. A number of molecular mapping studies led to the detection of QTL with small to moderate effects on FHB resistance in European winter wheat. Genes involved in the defence reaction of these genotypes remain largely unknown. WIR1 (wheat induced resistance 1) genes have been shown to be upregulated in cereals during attack of various fungal pathogens; however, their role in resistance is ambiguous. In this study, the expression of three WIR1 genes and a gene with high sequence similarity to WIR1 was investigated in European winter wheat genotypes after inoculation with Giberella zeae. Floret tissues of four winter wheat genotypes (Dream, Lynx, G16-92, Hussar) were challenged with G. zeae conidia or water (control) and sampled six times during 0–96 h after inoculation. Quantitative real-time PCR showed that all four genes were highly upregulated in the resistant genotypes compared to the susceptible ones. WIR1b and a gene with sequence similarity to WIR1 genes mapped to chromosome 5DS in the G16-92/Hussar mapping population. Two genes annotated as WIR1a mapped in the interval of a FHB resistance QTL on chromosome 7BS in the Dream/Lynx mapping population. These could be considered possible candidate genes for quantitative FHB resistance.  相似文献   

20.
Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium culmorum, is a devastating disease in cereals. This study was undertaken to estimate progeny means and variances in each of five winter triticale and winter wheat crosses using unselected F2−derived lines in F4 or F5 generation bulked at harvest of the previous generation. Fifty (triticale) and 95 (wheat) progeny per cross were inoculated in two (triticale) or three (wheat) field environments. FHB rating was assessed on a whole-plot basis. Mean disease severities of the parents ranged from 2.3 to 6.4 in triticale and from 3.1 to 6.5 in wheat on a 1-to-9 scale (1 = symptomless, 9 = 100% infected). The midparent values generally resembled the means of their derived progeny. Significant (P < 0.01) genotypic variance was detected within each cross, but genotype × environment interaction and error variances were also high for both crops. Medium to high entry-mean heritabilities (0.6–0.8) underline the feasibility of selecting F2-derived bulks on a plot basis in several environments. Phenotypic correlation of FHB resistance between generation F2:4 and F2:5 was r = 0.87 (P < 0.01) tested across 150 wheat bulks at two locations. Our estimates of selection gain are encouraging for breeders to improve FHB resistance in triticale and wheat by recurrent selection within adapted materials.  相似文献   

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