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植物响应盐碱胁迫的机制 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
土壤盐碱化对农林业生产和发展的影响日渐严重,已经成为全球范围内所面临的重大环境问题。研究盐碱胁迫的危害以及植物对盐碱胁迫的响应机制,有助于挖掘植物耐盐碱基因,选育耐盐碱品种,改良盐碱地,提高农作物的产量,扩大园林植物的栽培应用。盐、碱实际上是两种不同的非生物胁迫,碱胁迫在盐胁迫的基础上还增加了高pH胁迫,其危害程度较盐胁迫更深。本综述分析了土壤盐渍化现状,盐碱胁迫对植物产生的渗透胁迫、离子毒害、高pH伤害、活性氧胁迫等危害,从渗透调节物质的合成、离子的吸收转运与pH调节、增强抗氧化酶活性及内源激素响应等方面阐述了植物耐盐碱的生理机制;从盐碱胁迫的信号转导、转录因子调控响应及抗盐碱相关基因的表达等方面梳理了植物耐盐碱的分子机制。最后对植物适应盐碱胁迫的研究方向及多组学联合分析在全面研究植物抗盐碱机制中的应用作出了展望。 相似文献
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脯氨酸与植物抗寒性的研究进展 总被引：11，自引：4，他引：7
脯氨酸是植物体内普遍存在的保护物质.作为一种有机溶剂,许多植物在低温胁迫下,体内的游离脯氨酸含量都增加.脯氨酸对植物抗寒的作用机理主要是:作为渗透调节物质、保护蛋白质分子、作为活性氧的清除剂、低温胁迫结束后可作为能源物质(或碳源)和氮源.笔者主要综述了低温胁迫下植物体内脯氨酸代谢的调节,脯氨酸积累作为抗寒指标的应用,转化脯氨酸代谢相关基因提高植物抗寒力方面取得的进展,以及脯氨酸类似物在抗寒育种中的作用. 相似文献
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植物盐胁迫响应的研究进展 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
中国土壤盐渍化程度越来越严重,已经成为限制植物栽培的重要因素之一。研究植物的盐胁迫调控机制,选育抗盐植物,有利于农业的生产、增产,有助于盐碱地的治理、改良。本综述概述了中国土壤盐渍化的概况,在盐渍化土壤中,植物受到的危害有渗透胁迫、离子毒害、膜透性改变及生理代谢紊乱等。为适应环境,植物启动一系列的调控机制来减缓盐害。从生理的角度,通过渗透调节、抗氧化酶的响应以及施加外源物质等方式可以缓解盐胁迫;从分子的角度,抗盐相关基因应激启动,调控相关蛋白的合成以及盐胁迫下蛋白质的差异性表达,来控制植株体内的离子浓度以达到平衡。同时,梳理了近年来与抗盐相关转录因子的研究,最后就植物的盐胁迫响应机制研究和耐盐植物的选育方面作了展望。 相似文献
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我国干旱地区多,蔬菜用水量大,水资源紧缺。渗透胁迫是影响作物生长、发育和产量的最重要的非生物胁迫之一。植物的抗渗透胁迫性是受多基因控制的复杂性状。研究植物抗逆机理,将植物抗渗透胁迫相关基因导入蔬菜,可为培育蔬菜节水抗旱新品种奠定必须的材料基础,对缓解水资源危机具有重要的意义。本文从植物体对渗透胁迫信号的感知、转导以及渗透胁迫对植物生理和代谢的影响两方面简要总结了植物抗渗透胁迫作用的分子和生理机制,重点介绍了蔬菜抗渗透胁迫基因工程的新进展,并对通过基因工程手段提高蔬菜抗渗透胁迫能力需要进一步关注的问题进行了探讨,对其前景进行了展望。 相似文献
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干旱胁迫严重影响植物的生长和产量,重度干旱胁迫会导致植物永久萎蔫.发掘中国沙棘的抗逆基因有助于提升植物抗旱性.脯氨酸是植物响应干旱胁迫的重要渗透调节物之一.为了探究中国沙棘中脯氨酸响应干旱胁迫的调节机制,本研究在干旱胁迫下,检测两年生中国沙棘扦插幼苗的叶片相对含水量和脯氨酸等5个抗旱相关生理指标;通过实时荧光定量PCR检测2个脯氨酸调控关键基因的表达量.结果 表明,干旱胁迫下的中国沙棘叶片相对含水量逐渐下降;叶绿素、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和脯氨酸的含量呈上升趋势,且所有生理指标在复水后较处理前均下降;脯氨酸关键合成基因吡咯啉-5-羧酸合成酶(P5CS)基因在根、茎、叶中的相对表达量呈现先上升后下降的趋势,而调控脯氨酸分解的脯氨酸脱氢酶(ProDH)基因相对表达量迅速降低.本研究为揭示中国沙棘抗旱机理提供理论依据,同时为植物抗旱育种提供候选基因. 相似文献
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干旱严重影响植物的生长发育,从在干旱胁迫下,植物的根系结构;叶片的组织含水量、叶绿素及类胡萝卜素含量变化;渗透势和参与渗透调节的脯氨酸（Pro）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、脱落酸（ABA）及甜菜碱活性和含量的变化;抗旱调节和功能蛋白的产生和作用及抗旱基因工程等方面,探讨了植物抗旱的机制及研究进展。 相似文献
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为实现PRPs基因在植物抗逆基因工程中的应用,将大豆中的2个脯氨酸富集蛋白基因GmPRP和SbPRP构建到植物表达载体pRI101上,通过叶盘法转化烟草。共获得GmPRP阳性转基因烟草2株,SbPRP阳性转基因烟草4株。对转基因烟草植株进行高盐、干旱和低温胁迫处理。结果表明,高盐处理后,SbPRP转基因烟草的脯氨酸含量和可溶性糖含量分别显著和极显著高于野生型,丙二醛含量极显著低于野生型。干旱处理对GmPRP和SbPRP转基因烟草脯氨酸含量、可溶性糖含量和丙二醛含量的影响均不明显。低温处理后,GmPRP和SbPRP转基因烟草的脯氨酸含量均极显著高于野生型,丙二醛含量均低于野生型。由此推测SbPRP可以提高转基因烟草的耐盐性和耐寒性,GmPRP可以提高转基因烟草的耐寒性,为后续SbPRP和GmPRP的应用奠定基础。 相似文献
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Osmotic behavior, photosynthesis and leaf conductance under drought stress as well as stomatal morphology and stomatal recovery after stress were investigated in the drought tolerant Secale cereale x Secale montanum cross Permontra , five S. cereale cultivars and the wild rye S. montanum.
Water relations parameters were measured on potted plants during and after a 7 day stress period.
Osmotic adjustment occurred in all varieties but was greatest in Permontra. Size and frequency of stomata was not related to drought tolerance but stomatal recovery after stress was quickest in Permontra. 相似文献
Water relations parameters were measured on potted plants during and after a 7 day stress period.
Osmotic adjustment occurred in all varieties but was greatest in Permontra. Size and frequency of stomata was not related to drought tolerance but stomatal recovery after stress was quickest in Permontra. 相似文献
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水稻OsRPK1基因属于富含亮氨酸重复序列的类受体蛋白激酶,在盐胁迫下其表达量暂时升高后出现明显下降。前期研究表明, OsRPK1基因过表达会造成拟南芥非生物胁迫耐受性明显降低。本研究对OsRPK1基因在水稻中实现过表达和RNA干涉,进而对OsRPK1的抗逆性功能加以探究。结果表明, OsRPK1基因表达量增加时,水稻幼苗表现为耐盐性下降;RNA干涉则使水稻幼苗表现为耐盐性增加。盐胁迫后OsRPK1过表达植株脯氨酸含量低于野生型、MDA含量和相对电导率显著高于野生型,而OsRPK1-RNAi水稻植株的脯氨酸含量显著高于野生型、MDA含量和相对电导率显著低于野生型。因此, OsRPK1基因的表达量对水稻耐盐性具有明显影响,脯氨酸含量及细胞质膜受破损程度的改变可能是造成转基因水稻耐盐性变化的内在原因。本研究为进一步阐明OsRPK1基因的抗逆作用机制奠定了基础,对于通过调整该基因表达改良水稻的耐盐性具有重要意义。 相似文献
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Y. Fan M. Zhu S. Shabala C. D. Li P. Johnson M. X. Zhou 《Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science》2014,200(4):261-272
Soil salinity disturbs the equilibrium between reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and removal, leading to a dramatic increase in ROS concentration and oxidative damage. Enzymatic scavenging is one of the two main mechanisms involved in ROS detoxification in plants. This study has investigated the role of major antioxidant (AO) enzymes in mitigating salinity‐induced oxidative stress in plant shoots. Firstly, two barley varieties were used to evaluate the activity of major AO enzymes in different leaves and at different times after salt treatment. Our results showed that AO enzyme activities had strong tissue and time specificity. A further study was conducted using six barley varieties contrasting in salinity tolerance. AO enzyme activities and proline contents were measured in the third leaves of seedlings after plants were treated with 240 mm NaCl for 10 days. No significant correlation was revealed between leaf AO activity and either plant grain yield or plant survival rate under salt stress. In contrast, a significant increase in leaf proline content under salt stress was found in all sensitive varieties, while in most tolerant varieties, salt stress did not change leaf proline level. It is concluded that although salinity induces changes in leaf AO enzyme activities, the changes cannot be used as biochemical indicators in breeding for salinity tolerance. 相似文献
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Savaliram Goga Ghane Vinayak Haribhau Lokhande Tukaram Dayaram Nikam 《Journal of Crop Science and Biotechnology》2014,17(1):11-20
The calli cultures of Guizotia abyssinica (niger) cultivars IGP 76 and GA 10 were exposed to different levels of salt treatments (0, 30, 60, and 90 mM NaCl), in order to evaluate growth, physiological, and biochemical responses. A significant decrease in relative growth rate and tissue water content of GA 10 calli than IGP 76 under salt-stress conditions was associated with higher sodium ion accumulation. Osmotic adjustment revealed by the osmolytes (proline, glycine betaine, and total soluble sugars) accumulation was significantly higher in IGP 76 salt-stressed calli as compared to GA 10. The sustained growth and better survival of IGP 76 calli was correlated with lower malondialdehyde content and increased superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, and catalase activities and higher α-tocopherol content in comparison to GA 10. The higher osmolytes accumulation and presence of better antioxidant system suggested superior adaptation of IGP 76 calli on salt-containing medium for prolonged periods in comparison to GA 10. The regeneration frequency, organogenesis, and acclimatization response of the plants derived from salt-adapted calli was comparatively lower than the plants derived from control calli of IGP 76. The growth, physiological, and biochemical characterization of the salt-tolerant regenerated plants exposed to stepwise long-term 90 mM NaCl treatment revealed no significant changes in comparison to the control. Thus, our results suggests the development of an efficient protocol for in vitro selection and production of salt-tolerant plants in self-incompatible crop, niger, and an alternative to traditional breeding programs to increase the abiotic stress tolerance. 相似文献
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普通菜豆PvP5CS2基因对逆境胁迫的应答 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
为了探索逆境条件下脯氨酸积累的分子遗传机理, 改善作物的抗逆能力, 应用实时荧光定量PCR(RT-qPCR)技术和水杨酸法分别检测干旱、高盐(200 mmol L-1 NaCl)和冷(4℃)胁迫条件下普通菜豆幼苗叶和根中脯氨酸合成酶基因PvP5CS2表达量和脯氨酸含量的变化。结果显示, 3种胁迫条件下普通菜豆幼苗叶和根中PvP5CS2的转录水平快速上升, 干旱处理4 d, 叶中PvP5CS2表达量达到最大值; 高盐处理下, 叶和根中PvP5CS2的表达高峰分别出现在2 h和6 h; 冷胁迫下, 叶和根中的表达高峰都出现在2 h; 随着胁迫时间的延长, PvP5CS2基因的转录水平逐渐下降。普通菜豆在逆境胁迫下, 幼苗叶和根中脯氨酸大量积累, 积累高峰出现在PvP5CS2基因表达高峰之后。这些结果说明, PvP5CS2基因的表达受干旱、高盐和冷胁迫诱导, 脯氨酸积累受PvP5CS2基因转录水平的调控。PvP5CS2基因在洋葱表皮细胞中的瞬时表达结果显示PvP5CS2蛋白定位在细胞核和膜上。 相似文献
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K. Dörffling H. Dörffling G. Lesselich E. Luck C. Zimmermann G. Melz H.U. Jürgens 《Euphytica》1997,93(1):1-10
In a previous study (Dörffling et al., J. Plant Physiol. 142, 222–225, 1993) in vitro-selection and regeneration of hydroxyproline (Hyp)-resistant lines of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum cv. Jo 3063) with increased frost tolerance and increased proline contents was reported. In this study the heritability of these traits was investigated. The F 1progenies derived from the pollination of regenerated plants with pollen from wild type plants developed higher mean frost tolerance (lower LT 50values) and higher proline levels compared with in vitro-controls and wild type plants. In the F 2generation, which was obtained by self-pollination, segregation of the Hyp-lines in a 3:1 phenotypic ratio with regard to the traits frost tolerance and proline content was observed. Subsequent selection of extremes in the F 2yielded homozygous plants in the F 3generation. Lower LT 50values and increased proline contents in those F 3plants were significantly correlated. Furthermore, improved frost tolerance of one of the selected mutants was also observed in studies with whole plants in the F 4generation. These results, which are similar to results of parallel studies on winter barley, provide strong evidence for the heritability of the traits 'increased frost tolerance' and 'increased proline content' obtained by this in vitro-selection procedure. The mutation seems to be due to a single incompletely dominant gene. A comparison of frost tolerance values from F 3Hyp-progenies with those of seven standard varieties differing in frost tolerance indicates a considerable improvement of frost tolerance by the described in vitro-selection method. 相似文献
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转PvP5CS1基因拟南芥植株对干旱和盐胁迫的反应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为探索普通菜豆脯氨酸合成酶基因P5CS1在植物渗透胁迫中的作用,本研究应用农杆菌介导法,将PvP5CS1基因转入拟南芥,获得6株阳性转基因株系;通过检测转基因植株与野生型植株在干旱和盐胁迫下种子发芽率,幼苗脯氨酸含量、株系电导率、相对根长和成株死亡率,分析了PvP5CS1基因的表达对改善拟南芥抗渗透胁迫的效应。结果表明,在150 mmol L-1 NaCl和150 mmol L-1甘露醇渗透胁迫下,转基因植株平均相对发芽率分别是野生型的1.6倍和1.62倍;150、250 mmol L-1甘露醇和150 mmol L-1 NaCl处理下,转基因拟南芥植株平均脯氨酸含量分别是野生型的2.68、1.30和1.30倍;平均相对电导率分别是野生型植株的85%、77%和85%;平均相对根长分别是野生型植株的1.2、1.3和1.2倍;300 mmol L-1 NaCl处理下,转基因植株的平均死亡率为42%,显著低于野生型(90%)(P<0.05);干旱胁迫下,转基因植株的平均死亡率为56%,显著低于野生型(70%)(P<0.05),说明PvP5CS1基因在拟南芥中的表达明显改善了转基因植株的抗旱性和耐盐性。 相似文献