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1.
R. Amiri M. Moghaddam M. Mesbah S. Yaghoub Sadeghian M.R. Ghannadha K. Izadpanah 《Euphytica》2003,132(3):363-373
In this study, the inheritance of resistance to Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) in accessions Holly-1-4and WB42 was investigated. Crosses between both resistant sources and susceptible parents
were carried out and F1F2 and BC1 populations were obtained. Virus concentrations in WB42and its F1 populations were lower than in Holly-1-4. Observed ratios of susceptible and resistant plants in segregating populations
of Holly-1-4 as well as WB42 were in agreement with hypothesis of one dominant major gene. Segregation of plants in F2 populations obtained from crosses betweenHolly-1-4 and WB42 revealed that the resistance genes in Holly-1-4 and WB42 were
nonallelic and linked loci.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
2.
Summary Sugar beet cultivars were evaluated for resistance to beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) on various locations in two consecutive years. Resistance levels of cultivars were measured by virus assays of plants from the field and the greenhouse. Infection levels in the fields were characterised by sampling plants of a susceptible indicator cultivar. For each year, statistical analyses were performed on two-way tables of cultivar by location for yield and quality parameters. In analysis of variance (ANOVA) significant main effects and significant cultivar by location interaction were found for all parameters (P<0.05). Interactions were further investigated by multiplicative models. In the Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interaction effects (AMMI) model, interaction was written as the product of a cultivar score and a location score. Cultivar interaction scores were highly correlated to virus concentrations of the cultivars, and location interaction scores to virus concentrations of the susceptible indicator cultivar. Main effects of cultivars and locations were less clearly related to virus concentrations than interaction effects. In general, virus concentrations of plants from a greenhouse test gave higher correlations than virus concentrations of plants from the field. In the factorial regression model, virus concentrations were incorporated in the model. The model can be understood as a two-way ANOVA, with greenhouse virus concentrations and virus concentration of the indicator cultivar as concomitant variables on the cultivar and location factor. Results of analyses with both multiplicative interaction models showed that interactions of all yield and quality parameters can be described in terms of virus concentrations. Therefore, the relative performance of susceptible and partially resistant cultivars in infested fields can be estimated by means of three independent parameters, (i) the level of resistance determined in a greenhouse experiment, (ii) the yield and quality in non-infested fields, and (iii) the level of infection in the field.Abbreviations AMMI model
Additive Main effects and Multiplicative Interaction effects model
- ANOVA
analysis of variance
- BNYVV
beet necrotic yellow vein virus
- ELISA
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
- -amino N
-amino nitrogen
- K
Kalium (potassium)
- Na
Natrium (sodium) 相似文献
3.
In breeding for resistance to rhizomania, breeding material was routinely examined for resistance to the rhizomania virus over several years. This study was performed in order to investigate the value of virological examination of sugarbeet breeding material in breeding for resistance to the rhizomania virus. Tests were conducted with varieties susceptible or partially resistant to rhizomania, as well as with several new and more-resistant hybrids. A test on young plants showed that all genotypes contained beet necrotic yellow-vein virus (BNYVV), but that the virus content differed widely. Plants of two commercially used partially resistant varieties had, on average, only half the virus content of susceptible varieties in their roots, and plants of eight new hybrids still in the process of registration contained less than one third of that amount. There was a significant negative correlation between the quantity of BNYVV in young plant roots and final yield under disease conditions in the field. Opportunities for further improvement in the level of the resistance to BNYVV in sugarbeet by means of conventional breeding programmes are discussed. 相似文献
4.
Resistance to four foliar diseases of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris ssp. vulgaris), virus yellows caused by Beet mild yellowing virus (BMYV) and Beet yellows virus (BYV), powdery mildew (Erysiphe betae) and Cercospora leaf spot (Cercospora beticola), was assessed in up to 600 accessions of closely related wild and cultivated Beta species. Most accessions were from the Section Beta, a taxon containing types most closely related to, and sexually compatible with, sugar beet and therefore most valuable for use in crop improvement. Between 1–12% of accessions were highly resistant (resistance scores of 2 on an international standardised resistance scale of 1–9) to these diseases. These levels, however, underestimate the potential number of resistant sources available from this section as some accessions with intermediate mean resistance scores contained a significant proportion of highly resistant plants within segregating populations. Variation in resistance to all diseases except BYV was observed within the Section Beta. Much higher levels of resistance were observed, and more frequently, in more distantly related sections of the genus Beta. Accessions of the Section Corollinae were highly resistant to both viruses (>62% of accessions tested), but less so to Cercospora (15%) and they were very susceptible to powdery mildew. Section Procumbentes accessions were highly resistant to BMYV and Cercospora (100%) but less so to powdery mildew (50%) and BYV (20%). However, sexual incompatibility between these sections and sugar beet make utilisation of these sources impractical using conventional breeding methods. 相似文献
5.
Breeding for resistance to rhizomania in sugar beet: A review 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Currently rhizomania is the most important disease in sugar beet worldwide, and attack can lead to serious yield losses. The
disease is caused by beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) that is transmitted by the soil-borne fungus Polymyxa betae. Breeding sugar beet cultivars with resistance to rhizomania is regarded as the most appropriate way to enable continued
production of this crop in BNYVV-infested fields and also to slow the spread of the disease. Breeding for resistance started
with selection by scoring disease symptoms in field experiments. The development of non-destructive greenhouse tests, with
determination of the virus concentration in rootlets using ELISA, has greatly improved the efficiency of selection. In this
paper the impact of scientific research on the progress in breeding cultivars with resistance to rhizomania is reviewed. This
includes the distribution, composition, and pathogenicity of the virus, the sources of resistance to virus and vector, the
genetics of virus resistance, progress with breeding methods, and the use of molecular markers and pathogen-derived resistance.
The yields and quality characteristics of recently introduced resistant cultivars now equal those of the commercial susceptible
cultivars.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
6.
为了研究甜菜抗丛根病育种的抗性基因来源以及作用特点,笔者归纳了甜菜丛根病抗性的来源,包括Alba抗性源、Rizor和Holly抗性源、WB42抗性源、WB41和WB258抗性源以及R36抗性源,并介绍了5种甜菜丛根病的抗性基因特点。另外,对甜菜抗丛根病资源的育成方法进行了总结,包括回交、杂交和轮回选择。通过这些方法将携带抗丛根病资源的甜菜整合至适应性高的甜菜种质资源上,从而获得理想的抗性资源。针对甜菜抗丛根病育种过程中培育和选择甜菜丛根病抗性基因型的过程缓慢、费力且昂贵,以及具有抗性基因品种的抗性易被破坏的情况,现提出如下解决策略：（1）通过分子标记来选择理想的甜菜新品种;（2）不断鉴定新的抗性基因,并将其整合到甜菜的基因库中;（3）开发新抗源,通过鉴定其他基因座上与先前发现的抗性基因的等位基因,为释放具有足够抗性的品种提供机会。抗甜菜丛根病育种的下一个挑战将会是将新的抗性基因导入育种材料,并通过将不同基因座上的多个抗性基因聚合到育种系中进行组合,以最大限度地提高甜菜对丛根病的抗性水平。 相似文献
7.
8.
A melon (Cucumis melo L.) breeding line derived from PI 414723 is resistant to three potyviruses,watermelon mosaic virus (WMV), zucchini yellow
mosaic virus (ZYMV), papaya ringspot virus (PRSV), and to powdery mildew (PM). The inheritance and linkage relationships of
these four resistances were studied in a segregating F2 population and derived F3 families from a cross between cultivar Top
Mark and the resistant breeding line. Dominant monogenic inheritance of all four resistances was observed. We report that
line 414723-4S3, which was initially selected as a source of ZYMV and WMV resistance, is also a source of dominant monogenic
resistances to PRSV and PM race 1. We also report on genetic linkage (significant departure from independent segregation,
χ2 = 58.1, p≪ 0.0001) between resistance to WMV and ZYMV. The map distance between these loci was estimated to be 7.5 cm. The genes for
resistance to PM and PRSV segregated independently from each other, and from ZYMV and WMV resistance.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
9.
W. Heijbroek A. J. Roelands J. H. de Jong C. van Hulst A. H. L. Schoone R. G. Munning 《Euphytica》1988,38(2):121-131
Summary Monosomic additions of Beta vulgaris x B. procumbens with resistance to beet cyst nematode (Heterodera schachtii Schm.) were used for the production of resistant diploids through incorporation of the B. procumbens chromosome fragment bearing the resistance gene(s) into one of the sugar beet chromosomes. The heterozygotes obtained accordingly were selfed for producing homozygotes. These homozygotes differed morphologically from commercial sugar beet varieties, but produced reasonable amounts of pollen. Female transmission of resistance was 100%, whereas male transmission, apart from some exceptions, was more than 90%. The number of hypersensitivity reactions to penetrated larvae was related to the degree of susceptibility. Larval development was severely retarded in the resistant plants, preventing most of them to produce cysts. If cysts were formed, their content was considerably less as compared to those in the susceptible plants. 相似文献
10.
大豆花叶病毒(SMV)株系SC4和SC8的抗性遗传分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
选用我国黄淮和长江流域大豆产区发生频繁的SMV株系SC4和SC8,利用大豆抗病材料和感病材料配制抗感和抗抗杂交组合,研究抗病材料对SC4和SC8株系的遗传方式以及不同大豆材料对SMV抗性基因位点间的等位性关系。结果表明, 接种SC4株系后,由冀LD42、徐豆1号、跃进4号、科丰1号、PI96983、晋大74、汾豆56、大白麻和齐黄22为抗源配制的9个抗感组合的F1均表现抗病,经卡方测验, F2抗感分离比例3∶1,F2:3家系分离比例为1(抗)∶2(分离)∶1(感),表明这些抗源均有1对基因控制对SC4株系的抗性,且抗病表现为显性;5个抗抗组合的F1均表现抗病,F2群体分离比例15(抗)∶1(感),表明大白麻与汾豆56、科丰1号和齐黄1号携带抗SC4的基因是不等位的,冀LD42与汾豆56,晋大74与中作229是不等位的。接种SC8株系后,用齐黄1号、中作229、NY58、科丰1号、PI96983、晋大74、汾豆56、大白麻和齐黄22为抗源配制的抗感组合杂交后代分离符合1对基因的分离比例且F1均表现抗病,说明这些品种对SC8株系的抗性也均由1对显性基因控制。抗抗组合晋大74×汾豆56接种SC8株系后的F2群体全部表现抗病,F2:3家系没有抗感分离,表明抗病品种晋大74与汾豆56携带的抗病基因是等位的;齐黄1号×科丰1号、大白麻×汾豆56的F2群体分离比例15(抗)∶1(感),表明抗病亲本齐黄1号与科丰1号、大白麻与汾豆56携带抗SC8的基因是不等位的,而且独立遗传。 相似文献
11.
Summary Rhizomania is a disease of sugar beet caused by the furovirus beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV). Coat protein mediated resistance has been reported for a number of viral diseases. This approach to virus resistance was therefore attempted for control of rhizomania. Two constructs of the coat protein gene of BNYVV were introduced into sugar beet by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The mRNA level was estimated to be 0.01% of the poly A+ RNA. Expression of the coat protein gene was under the detection limit of our western blotting protocol i.e. below 0.01 g/50 g (0.02% of the total soluble protein). One transformation event per construct was tested in a greenhouse assay and in rhizomania infested soil in a field trial. In the greenhouse assay, transgenic plants showed a strong reduction of virus multiplication when compared to non-transgenic plants. This result was confirmed in the field trial, where a significant difference in virus multiplication was shown between plants with and without the coat protein gene. 相似文献
12.
13.
“抗病值”大豆抗孢囊线虫病遗传研究中应用的探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以抗病值表示大豆单株对孢囊线虫的抗性,探讨其在大豆对孢囊线虫４号生理小种抗性遗传 研究中的应用。在所研究的４个高感×高抗杂交组合中,直接用孢囊数作为抗性的参数,不分离群体 具有较大的方差,群体平均数与方差有较强的正相关;而采用抗病值表示抗性,不分离群体有较小的 方差,但Ｆ_２分离群体方差较大。与原始数据相比,经平方根转化后,单株孢囊数的群体平均数与方差 的高度正相关只有轻微的下降;而单株抗病值的群体平均数与方差的相关性则明显降低。４个组合单 株抗病值的广义遗传力为５７．４９％～７１．７９％,高于单株孢囊数的４８．４２％～６５．９６％;根据抗病值推导 出的最小基因数目为３～４,比用孢囊数推导为２～３的结果更接近按质量性状遗传估算出的结果。对 Ｆ_２单株频次分布研究表明,采用抗病值标准品种法分级统计的高抗株数,与按全国抗性分级标准下＜ １０个孢囊／株的株数完全一致,而且得到了更广泛的中间类型分布。按质量性状遗传模式对４个高感 ｘ高抗组合Ｆ_２分离群体研究表明,灰皮支黑豆和元钵黑豆对ＳＣＮ４号生理小种的抗性遗传可能由三 对隐性基因和二对显性基因控制。 相似文献
14.
The genetics of resistance to Phomopsis stem blight caused by Diaporthe toxica Will., Highet, Gams & Sivasith. in narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) was studied in crosses between resistant cv. Merrit, very resistant breeding line 75A:258 and susceptible cv. Unicrop.
A non-destructive glasshouse infection test was developed to assess resistance in the F1, F2, selected F2-derived F3 (F2:3) families, and in selfed parent plants. The F1 of Unicrop × 75A:258 (and reciprocal cross) was very resistant, and the F2 segregated in a ratio of 3:1 (resistant: susceptible), which suggested the presence of a single dominant allele for resistance
in 75A:258. In Merrit × Unicrop (and reciprocal), the F1 was moderately resistant, and the F2 segregated in a ratio of 3:1 (resistant: susceptible). Thus Merrit appeared to carry an incompletely dominant resistance
allele for resistance. The F1 of Merrit × 75A:258 (and reciprocal) was very resistant and the F2 segregated in a ratio of 15:1 (resistant: susceptible), which supported the existence of independently segregating resistance
alleles for resistance in 75A:258 and Merrit. Alleles at loci for early flowering (Ku) and speckled seeds (for which we propose the symbol Spk) segregated normally and independently of the resistance alleles. Resistant F2 plants gave rise to uniformly resistant or segregating F2:3 families, whereas susceptible F2 plants gave rise only to susceptible F2:3 families. However, the variation in resistance in the F2 and some F2:3 families of crosses involving 75A:258, from moderately to extremely resistant, was greater than that expected by chance or
environmental variation. We propose the symbols Phr1 to describe the dominant resistance allele in 75A:258, and Phr2 for the incompletely dominant resistance allele in Merrit. Phr1 appears to be epistatic to Phr2, and expression of Phr1 may be altered by independently segregating modifier allele(s).
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
15.
Three segregating F2 populations were developed by self-pollinating 3 black rot resistant F1 plants, derived from across between black rot resistant parent line 11B-1-12 and the susceptible cauliflower cultivar ‘Snow
Ball’. Plants were wound inoculated using 4 isolates ofXanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) race 4, and disease severity ratings of F2 plants from the three populations were scored. A total of 860 arbitrary oligonucleotide primers were used to amplify DNA
from black rot resistant and susceptible F2 plants and bulks. Eight RAPD markers amplified fragments associated with completely disease free plants following black rot
inoculation,which segregated in frequencies far lower than expected. Segregation of markers with black rot resistance indicates
that a single, dominant major gene controls black rot resistance in these plants. Stability of this black rot resistance gene
in populations derived from 11B-1-12 may complicate introgression into B. oleracea genotypes for hybrid production.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
16.
Beet cyst nematodes (BCN, Heterodera schachtii), Cercospora beticola, and rhizomania, caused by the beet necrotic yellow vein
virus (BNYVV) and vectored by the soil-borne fungus Polymyxa betae, are the most serious diseases of sugar beet ( Beta vulgaris
subsp. vulgaris). The wild Beta species of section Procumbentes are known to be completely resistant to H. schachtii, C. beticola
and P. betae. Alien monosomic additions (2n=19), plants of cultivated beet (2n=18) carrying different individual chromosomes
of B. procumbens (2n=18) or B. patellaris (2n=36), were tested in greenhouse experiments for resistance to these pathogens.
Gene(s) conferring full resistance to the beet cyst nematode in B. patellaris are located on chromosome 1.1, and the other
tested chromosomes of B. patellaris are not involved in the expression of resistance. Artificial inoculation under greenhouse
conditions, with in vitro produced inoculum of C. beticola and spot-percentage rating of the disease intensity, showed that
the high level of resistance that was observed in the wild species B. procumbens and B. patellaris was not found in any of
the monosomic additions tested. It was suggested that genes on various chromosomes of the wild species are needed to express
full resistance, and that the chromosomes of group 7 of B. patellaris and chromosome 7 of B. procumbens have the largest effect.
The greenhouse tests for resistance to P. betae in B. patellaris derived monosomic additions showed that the addition families
of group 4.1 have a strong partial resistance, while the addition families of group 8.1 appeared to be completely resistant
to the pathogen. Resistance to P. betae in the two wild species as well as in the two resistant addition types did not exclude
infection with BNYVV, but resulted in a considerable reduction of the virus concentration. It was concluded that resistance
to the vector would complement virus resistance, and may provide a more effective and durable control of rhizomania.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
17.
Summary A total of 280 globe artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) clones were assessed for reaction to naturally occurring artichoke latent virus (ALV) in field trials. Also, the reaction of 17 seed progenies of crosses which produced ALV-resistant clones in the field, 20 self progenies of parental genotypes common to these crosses, self progenies of 17 artichoke cultivars, and 7 accessions ofC. cardunculus andC. syriaca were evaluated in the glasshouse following mechanical inoculation with ALV. The local and systemic presence of ALV, and the relative virus content in infected plants were determined by ELISA.All cultivars and most of the otherC. scolymus material tested (clones and seed progenies) proved to be highly susceptible to ALV. Ten progenies were less susceptible to mechanical inoculation as shown by the moment the virus could be detected, and a slow rate of accumulation of viral antigen. Some plants in two seed progenies possessed apparently a high resistance as could be concluded from the failure of ALV to spread or to multiply in plant.Accessions ofC. cardunculus andC. syriaca were also highly susceptible to ALV. However, an interspecific hybridC. cardunculus x C. syriaca presented the highest level of resistance, the plants remained free of local and systemic infection. Ratios of resistant to susceptible plants in self progenies of resistant plants suggested that this resistance was dominant. 相似文献
18.
W. Heijbroek 《Euphytica》1977,26(2):257-262
Summary Within Beta vulgaris and B. maritima origins some partial resistance to beet cyst eelworm was found which could be raised to a very limited extent by selection. However after the second backcross to commercial sugar beet varieties and successive selection of the inbreds this resistance was lost. It was demonstrated that in the rootsystem of resistant plants as much nematodes penetrate and develop as in susceptible ones but the ratio between males and females is different. It was therefore quite probable that this resistance is polyfactorial and merely recessive. 相似文献
19.
The inheritance of resistance to dry root rot of chickpea caused by Rhizoctonia bataticola was studied. Parental F1 and F2 populations of two resistant and two susceptible parents, along with 49 F1 progenies of one of the resistant × susceptible crosses were rested for their reaction to dry root rot using the blotting-paper technique. All F, plants of the resistant × susceptible crosses were resistant; the F2 generation fitted a 3 resistant: 1 susceptible ratio indicating monogenic inheritance, with resistance dominant over susceptibility. F3 family segregation data confirmed the results. No segregation occurred among the progeny of resistant × resistant and susceptible × susceptible crosses. 相似文献
20.
Rhizomania, caused by Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV), is an important sugar‐beet disease worldwide. The aim of this study was to investigate and map BNYVV resistance from the WB258 source. Presence of a major resistance gene (termed Rz5) was indicated by ～1 : 1 segregation of virus levels in a population of 170 individuals derived from WB258. The maximum logarithm of odds (LOD) position for Rz5, identified by interval mapping, explained ～81% of the phenotypic variance. Rz5 was mapped alongside the previously identified Rz4 from the R36 source. Rz4 and Rz5 were located to 6.9 cM and 6.0 cM regions, respectively, on chromosome III by interval mapping. These locations corresponded well to the position of the widely deployed Rz1 gene, suggesting that the three genes could represent an allelic series. Physical mapping is probably required to confirm this however. BNYVV resistance genes from novel sources are potentially important in breeding for more durable resistance either as separate genes or as BNYVV race‐specific alleles. 相似文献