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1.
Analysis of genotypic variation of sugar and acid contents in peaches and nectarines through the Principle Component Analysis 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
Genotypic variations and correlations were estimated for sugar and acid contents on afresh flesh weight basis in peach and
nectarine genotypes derived from a clone of a wild peach (Prunus davidiana) by three generations of crosses with commercial nectarine varieties. 107genotypes were studied in Avignon (France), 40 in
Gotheron (France), and 18 of them were common to both locations. Considerable variations in sugar and acid contents were found
among genotypes in both locations. Though location significantly affected sucrose, sorbitol and acid contents of the18 common
genotypes, principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that genotypic correlations among sugar and acid contents were stable
in both locations. Almost all sugars and acids analysed exhibited positive loadings for the first principal component (PC).
Variations of dry matter content among genotypes only partially explained this general trend as shown by the PCA on a dry
flesh weight basis. Glucose and fructose contents were closely correlated and were similar in amount inmost genotypes, while
fructose content was lower than glucose content in about 12% of the genotypes. A positive but loose relationship was found
between malic and citric acid contents in both locations. Likewise, sucrose, sorbitol and quinic acid contents were positively
associated. The first PC could be used as a general flavour component. In addition, three groups of closely associated variables
(fructose and glucose; malic and citric acids; sucrose, sorbitol and quinic acid) were detected through PCA.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
2.
1-MCP对凯特杏果实采后糖酸组分与含量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
探讨了1-MCP处理对凯特杏果实采后糖酸组分及其含量的影响。试验结果表明,绿熟期的凯特杏果实糖分以蔗糖含量最高,果糖含量最低;有机酸以柠檬酸为主,苹果酸次之,属柠檬酸型。用1．0μL/L 1-MCP处理可抑制杏果实采后可溶性糖的积累,其蔗糖、葡萄糖、果糖与总糖含量均低于对照;同时,1-MCP处理能显著地抑制杏果实抗坏血酸含量的减少,抑制贮藏末期柠檬酸、苹果酸、酒石酸和总酸量的下降与琥珀酸的升高。1-MCP处理改变杏果实采后糖酸代谢可能是提高果实贮藏品质的主要原因。 相似文献
3.
Phenotypic diversity and relationships of fruit quality traits in apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) germplasm 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Fruit quality attributes were studied for two consecutive years in forty-three apricot cultivars and selections grown in a
Mediterranean climate. Physical parameters (weight, size, flesh and skin colour, percentage of blush, firmness and percentage
of dry matter), chemical parameters (total soluble solids content and acidity) and sensory parameters (attractiveness, taste,
aroma and texture) were evaluated. A high variability was found in the set of the evaluated apricot genotypes and significant
differences were found among them in all studied quality attributes. Year-by-year variations were observed for some pomological
traits such as harvest date, flesh colour, fruit weight, firmness and soluble solids content. A high correlation was found
among some apricot quality attributes. In addition, principal component analysis (PCA) made it possible to establish similar
groups of genotypes depending on their quality characteristics as well as to study relationships among pomological traits
in the set of apricot genotypes evaluated. 相似文献
4.
The investigation of acid and sugar content in an array of apricot cultivars and progenies indicates the existence of marked variability. Citric acid varied from 0.17 to 1.20% and malic acid from 0.21 to 1.51% on fresh weight. Fructose varied from 0.27 to 1.60%, glucose from 0.90 to 3.13% and sucrose from 1.92 to 6.92%. The estimate of heritability was high for total and main sugars, reaching over 0.50%. Acids generally showed low coefficients, although those for citric (0.27) and malic (0.36) were good. With the exception of one progeny, all genotype/year comparisons were not significant, showing constant patterns for acid and sugars over the years regardless of the variability in absolute values. This means that the patterns of each genotype are under genetic control. The wide range of diversity in acid and sugar content in apricot germplasm and the independent heritability for most of these compounds make it possible to breed and select cultivars with improved flavour on the basis of superior phenotypes. 相似文献
5.
Summary A germ plasm collection of safflower, Carthamus tinctorius L., with about 900 lines from over twenty countries was evaluated in Utah, USA for head width and outer involucral bracts (OIB) dimensions, traits affected by both human and natural selection. The regional germ plasm pools contained considerable variability for these traits. Plants bearing short or long as well as narrow or wide OIB were well adapted. Geographical clines were detected for the means of OIB dimensions, indicating possible gene flow. The correlations of the OIB dimensions with yield, yield components, oil content and growing period were not instructive and at times very inconsistent. Primary head diameter varied considerably within the regional gene pools. Its correlations with yield/plant, number of heads/plant, seed weight and oil content were inconsistent. Capitulum width was positively and significantly correlated with the number of seeds per head. Head diameter, however, can vary considerably without affecting seed yield per unit area. 相似文献
6.
不同品种梨汁中糖和有机酸含量测定及相关性分析 总被引：22，自引：0，他引：22
利用反相高效液相色谱法测定了不同品种梨汁中的糖和有机酸含量,并应用SAS统计软件对各种糖和有机酸含量之间的相关性进行了分析。结果表明,梨汁中的糖主要为果糖、葡萄糖和蔗糖,其中果糖和葡萄糖含量较高;不同品种梨汁中果糖、葡萄糖及总可溶性糖含量变异较小,相对稳定,果糖与葡萄糖、总可溶性糖之间表现出显著的相关性;有机酸有苹果酸、柠檬酸、琥珀酸、莽草酸、酒石酸、奎宁酸、乳酸和富马酸,以苹果酸含量最高;不同品种梨汁中各有机酸含量差别较大,其中琥珀酸与乳酸、富马酸,莽草酸与柠檬酸、奎宁酸的含量之间表现出极显著的相关性。 相似文献
7.
不同杏品种果实营养成分分析及综合评价 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
为综合评价不同杏品种果实营养品质,选择具开发利用前景的品种,测定11个杏品种果实的3项外观品质（果形指数、单果重、可食率）和8项营养物质含量（可溶性固形物、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、可滴定酸、类胡萝卜素、Vc、固酸比、糖酸比）,并通过相关性分析和主成分分析对所测杏品种进行综合品质评价。结果显示,11个杏品种果实的营养成分等各项指标均存在差异,但变异程度不大。相关性分析结果表明,杏果实单果重与可食率、可溶性固形物与Vc、可溶性糖与糖酸比、固酸比与糖酸比均呈极显著正相关,可滴定酸与固酸比、糖酸比呈极显著负相关,可溶性糖与Vc、Vc与固酸比呈显著正相关。主成分分析共提取了4个主成分,累积方差贡献率为91.002%,表明影响杏果品质的主要指标为糖酸比、固酸比、可食率、单果重、果形指数、可溶性固形物等。根据这几项指标数据杏农可以进行品种选择,杏育种者可以确定新品种的开发利用前景。‘金荷包’、‘凯特’、‘兰州大接杏’、‘晚红杏’、‘新疆杏晚熟’5个品种的营养品质更优。。 相似文献
8.
Frost tolerance is a main component of winter-hardiness and improving it would promote faba bean (Vicia faba L.) cropping in cool-temperate regions. In many species, leaf fatty acid composition was found to be related to frost tolerance.
The objective of this study was to determine, in a representative sample of genotypes, the effect of hardening on leaf and
stem (1) frost tolerance and (2) fatty acid composition, and to seek correlations between them. First leaf, second leaf and
stem of 31 faba bean genotypes were analyzed after hardening and without hardening. High frost tolerance of known winter genotypes
and several experimental lines was shown. Hardening had a significant, positive effect on frost tolerance of all three organs.
Stems were on average more frost tolerant than leaves. Hardening induced significant changes in the fatty acid composition:
oleic acid decreased significantly in leaves by 3.24% and in stems by 1.77%, whereas linolenic acid increased in leaves by
6.28% and in stems by 9.06%. In stems, correlations between frost tolerance and fatty acid composition were not significant.
Correlation coefficients strongly indicated that non-hardened oleic acid content, changes in oleic acid and in linoleic plus
linolenic acid content in leaves partly explained their frost tolerance; 0.347 (P < 0.1) < |r| < 0.543 (P < 0.01). The results corroborate the importance of using genetic differences in the fatty acid metabolism in breeding grain
legumes for frost tolerance. 相似文献
9.
The aim of this study was to identify promising genotypes in the International Cocoa Gene bank, Trinidad (ICG,T) for use in
cacao breeding. Subsets of the germ plasm collection were evaluated for bean number, bean weight, pod index (581 genotypes)
and resistance to Phytophthora pod rot(500 genotypes). Among three groups of cacao assessed (For astero, Refractario and Trinitario), Trinitario had the
highest percentage of genotypes (36.9%) with large bean weight (> 1.2 g), while For astero possessed the highest proportion
of genotypes (22.6%) with a large number of beans (> 45). The ICS population had the highest percentage (44.1%) of genotypes
with heavy beans, and IMC the highest percentage of genotypes with large bean number (68.6%). A low, but significant negative
correlation (r = –0.19, p≤ 0.001) between bean number and bean weight suggests that an increase in bean number may repress an increase in bean weight
and vice versa. However, inten genotypes good values of bean weight and number were combined demonstrating that selection for both large
bean number and bean weight is possible. The highest percentage (28.1%) of genotypes with low pod index (< 20.1) was observed
in the Trinitario group (mainly ICS). The Forastero group had the highest percentage of Phytophthora resistant accessions(18.0%). The PA population had the highest proportion of resistant (24.0%) and moderately resistant (38.0%)genotypes.
Sixty-five and 99 genotypes were categorised with large bean weight and high bean number, respectively, and 60 genotypes were
found with a low pod index. Seventy-eight genotypes were identified with resistance to Phytophthora podrot. A significant relationship was observed between resistance to Phytophthora pod rot (measured as the frequency of localised lesions) and bean number (r = –0.45, p ≤ 0.001)showing that the two traits may complement each other. The combination of low to intermediate pod index with moderate
to high resistance to Phytophthora podrot was found in 87 genotypes, 12 of which were also reported to have resistance to witches’ broom disease. These genotypes
are of high potential value in cacao breeding and their inclusion in working and corecollections would be justified.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
10.
Suumary Three sets of Petunia hybrida
Vilm. breeding lines with each set comprised of three genotypes, multiflora (gg), grandiflora (GG), and the heterozygote (Gg) were used in biochemical analyses to determine the possible mode of action of alleles at the G locus and their pleiotropic effects. Chlorophyll extractions did not correlate with visual observations that seedlings of the gg genotype have darker green foliage than seedlings of the GG genotypes. Likewise, chlorophyll, starch and sugar content were not related to greater seedling vigor, an apparent pleiotorpic effect to the g allele. Inconsistent differences in total soluble sugars and starch content were found with respect to the three genotypes. A qualitative difference in leaf sugar profiles as revealed by thin-layer and gasliquid chromatography separation was found. The Gg and gg genotypes consistently exhibited two extra bands at Rf 0.01 and at 0.52 to 0.56 which were absent in extracts from the GG genotype. The unknown compounds did not co-chromatograph with several sugar standards. 相似文献
11.
不同品种桑椹糖酸组分分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
分析了不同品种桑椹的糖酸组分。以33个品种桑椹的果实为试材,利用高效液相色谱技术检测,相关性分析采用相关系数法,聚类分析采用快速聚类法。结果表明,果糖和葡萄糖是桑椹的主要糖类,同一品种二者含量相当,品种之间存在差异,没有发现桑椹中含有蔗糖。所有桑椹品种含有柠檬酸、苹果酸、琥珀酸、草酸、丙酸和富马酸,绝大部分品种含有酒石酸,部分桑椹品种含有丙酮酸,柠檬酸、苹果酸和琥珀酸是桑椹中含量较高的3种有机酸,柠檬酸质量分数为41.30%～68.80%。总酸与柠檬酸、苹果酸和琥珀酸呈极显著正相关(p<0.01)。33个品种桑椹可分成五大类群,分别由10,1,5,7,10桑椹品种组成。 相似文献
12.
Summary The content of coumarins, as probable phytoalexins, was analysed in four sunflower genotypes that ranged in responses to head
rot from highly susceptible to highly resistant. Low levels of all coumarins (scopolin, scopoletin and ayapin) were detected
in the three most susceptible genotypes irrespective of time after inoculation. However, in the resistant genotype there was
a clear time-dependent disease-induced increase of all coumarins that reached a maximum after 10–14 days. Detailed comparison
of the most susceptible and the resistant genotype showed that in the resistant but not the susceptible, scopoletin peroxidase
activity increased during the course of the experiment. Results confirmed a clear negative correlation between coumarin content
and disease symptoms and in particular for scopolin. Furthermore we show for the first time that scopolin is inhibitory to
Sclerotinia at similar doses to scopoletin. As scopolin is known to be less phytotoxic than ayapin and scopoletin, its accumulation may
well confer head rot resistance with minimal plant damage and might be one of the bases for resistance to Sclerotinia. 相似文献
13.
菠萝果实生长发育过程中营养品质的变化 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以‘巴厘（Ananas comosusr cv. Yellow Mauritius）’、‘卡因（Ananas comosusr cv. Cayenne）’和‘台农11号（Ananas comosusr cv. Tainung 11）’3个菠萝品种的果实为试材, 进行果实发育过程中糖、酸以及维生素C含量的分析。结果表明：蔗糖、葡萄糖和果糖是菠萝果实的主要糖类;在果实发育早期,各糖分含量较低,随着果实生长速度减慢,糖含量迅速增加,在果实成熟期达到最大值;在成熟果实中,不同品种间糖份的比例有较大差异,其中,‘巴厘’为3.71:1.11:1,‘卡因’为2.67:0.74:1。菠萝果实中所含有机酸有柠檬酸、苹果酸、酒石酸、乙酸、草酸和马来酸;随着果实的发育,不同品种间有机酸的含量、比例以及变化规律有一定的差异;在成熟果实中有机酸含量由高到低依次,‘巴厘’为柠檬酸（约占65.7%）、苹果酸（约占24.9%）、乙酸、草酸和马来酸,酒石酸没有检测到,‘卡因’为柠檬酸（约占62.2%）、苹果酸（约占14.4%）、酒石酸、乙酸、草酸和马来酸。菠萝果实中也有较丰富的维生素C,不同品种维生素C含量差异较大,‘巴厘’最高（0.49mg/g）,‘卡因’次之（0.19mg/g）,‘台农11号’最低（0.11mg/g）。 相似文献
14.
Summary The possibility of combining anew the genomes of wild and cultivated progenitors of triploid S. x juzepczukii and pentaploid S. x curtilobum by following the known evolutionary pathway of these species was investigated.The resynthesis of S. x juzepczukii was easy, and a wide range of synthetic forms was bred. Among these were forms with higher frost resistance (-5°C) than has been found in natural S. x juzepczukii. The total tuber glycoalkaloid content of several synthetic hybrids was lower than or as low as that of natural clones. Most synthetic hybrids were more vigorous than natural S. x juzepczukii and produced about the same types of tubers as are found in the natural range of variation. The best diploid parents were found in the species S. goniocalyx.The attempt to resynthesize pentaploid S. x curtilobum has not been successful but tetraploid plants were obtained in the process. An explanation for the occurrence of tetraploids resulting from triploid x tetraploid and/or diploid crosses is offered.The newly bred tetraploids contain at least one genome from S. acaule (possibly two) and hybridize easily with ssp. andigena. They thus provide a means for the transfer of S. acaule germ plasm into the tetraploid cultivated gene pool which would profit from the frost resistance of S. acaule. 相似文献
15.
C.H. Cheng A.G. Seal H.L. Boldingh K.B. Marsh E.A. MacRae S.J. Murphy A.R. Ferguson 《Euphytica》2004,138(2):185-195
We investigated the variability and inheritance of taste components and fruit size and number in a seedling population of diploid Actinidia chinensisPlanch. We found significant variation in all characters measured. Narrow-sense heritability estimates were high for vitamin C content, titratable acidity (TA), soluble solids content (SSC), fruit weight and dry matter content (DM), but low for glucose content, quinic acid content, and fruit number per vine. The genetic correlations between sugars (except myo-inositol), acids (except quinic acid), TA, vitamin C content, SSC and DM tended to be positive and moderate to high. However, correlations between these characters and fruit weight tended to be negative and moderate to high. The standardised coefficients () of multiple regression showed that SSC was highly dependent on the levels of fructose content, sucrose content and TA. Estimates of relative selection efficiencies (E) suggested that selection using SSC could be an efficient and convenient alternative to direct selection for improvement of sugar levels in kiwifruit. However, selection strategies based on SSC need to take account of its moderate negative correlation with fruit weight. Male and female parents useful for improving acid and sugar composition and fruit size were identified. One family was outstanding, as it combined large fruit size with high levels of SSC and DM. 相似文献
16.
Summary
In vitro tillers of over 1000 genotypes from nine contrasting Lolium perenne cultivars were cultured on various media containing the synthetic cytokinin, 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), in order to determine the effect on tillering. The cultures were assessed after seven weeks for survival, tiller production, size and vigour. Added auxins 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and -napthaleneacetic acid (NAA) had no consistent beneficial effects.A significant relationship was found between in vitro tiller production and cultivar heading date. Genotypes of early-heading, less persistent cultivars produced more tillers than genotypes from late heading more persistent cultivars. This was consistent with the generally higher in vitro tiller production in the biennial species Lolium multiflorum cultured on similar media. 相似文献
17.
Elizabeth Keep 《Euphytica》1984,33(2):507-515
Summary A new gene, i, from a self-incompatible wild Russian Rubus idaeus seedling is described. The gene i interacts with the fruit colour gene T, Tii plants having apricot instead of red fruits, and spines, leaves and stems pigmented to varying degrees. A deficit of apricot-fruited seedlings in progenies segregating for i could be explained by linkage between i and the self-incompatibility S locus with a crossover value of approximately 26.7%.Segregations for spine colour in crosses and backcrosses of the Russian seedling with two green-spined (ttII) raspberries selected for their yellow fruit colour, showed that both the latter carried the spine colour intensifier gene P. This suggests that earlier authors were incorrect in attributing the apricot fruit colour developed by some tt plants to a pleiotropic effect of P. 相似文献
18.
Summary A total of 1407 japonica and 488 indica accessions representing nine countries were randomly drawn from the International Rice Research Institute catalog of germ plasm resources for an analysis of diversity. The qualitative gene frequencies as well as means and coefficients of variation for quantitative traits for each race and country in general confirmed the widely recognized pattern of indica-japonica differentiation but suggested more overlap than often realized. Use of a diversity index showed indica to be more variable than japonica, but with different countries having similar levels of diversity. A multivariate analysis based on 39 characters showed divergence among countries within each race but with a great amount of overlap in the scatter of individual entries. This study was carried out simply to illustrate some genetic resource analyses and it is therefore discussed in relation to the documentation aspects. 相似文献
19.
Eight genotypes of Saccharum officinarum were crossed with Saccharum spontaneum and 14 genotypes of S. officinarum were crossed with Erianthus arundinaceus. A total of 39 hybrids were evolved. These 39 hybrids were raised in the field and used as donor clones for in vitro culture
studies. Plantlets were regenerated from 1-month-old callus. The grown up plants were transplanted to well prepared field,
to study the variations generated for the biometric as well as for biochemical characters. There were significant differences
between the donor clones and their sub clones for all the character of interest. The somatic segregation was gradual and wider,
showing a range of divergence from the mean towards the end of the scale. Fifty-one sub clones were selected with commercial
potential which have 13% fibre, 200 cm stalk length, 10 cm internode length and pure obtainable cane sugar per cent of 10. 相似文献
20.
Summary Carbon isotope discrimination has been proposed to indirectly select for transpiration efficiency in several C3 species. To determine the effectiveness of carbon isotope discrimination to indirectly select for transpiration efficiency at flowering we measured: (i) variability for carbon isotope discrimination, (ii) the magnitude of the genotype-by-water regime interaction for carbon isotope discrimination, and (iii) the magnitude of the correlation between carbon isotope discrimination and both transpiration efficiency and dry matter at flowering. Ten lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus) genotypes, ten wheat genotypes (eight spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and two durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L.)), and ten canola (Brassica napus L.) genotypes were grown in a greenhouse at 80, 50 and 30% field capacity. Above ground dry matter was harvested at 80% flowering and dry matter at flowering, water used, and carbon isotope discrimination determined. Genotype variation for carbon isotope discrimination was observed in lentil, spring wheat and canola at each water regime, and when averaged over the three water regimes. The largest range in carbon isotope discrimination among lentil and spring wheat genotypes was observed using the wet regime; whereas, the dry regime provided the largest range for CID in canola genotypes. In all species the genotype-by-water regime interaction for carbon isotope discrimination was nonsignificant. The correlation between carbon isotope discrimination and dry matter at flowering was inconsistent across water regimes and years. In addition, in all three crops, no correlation was observed between carbon isotope discrimination and transpiration efficiency at any of the water regimes, and when averaged over water regimes and years. These results suggests that under the conditions reported here, carbon isotope discrimination cannot be used effectively to indirectly select for transpiration efficiency in lentil, spring wheat, and canola.Abbreviations CID
carbon isotope discrimination
- DMF
dry matter at flowering 相似文献