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1.
Ekiert DC Friesen RH Bhabha G Kwaks T Jongeneelen M Yu W Ophorst C Cox F Korse HJ Brandenburg B Vogels R Brakenhoff JP Kompier R Koldijk MH Cornelissen LA Poon LL Peiris M Koudstaal W Wilson IA Goudsmit J 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2011,333(6044):843-850
Current flu vaccines provide only limited coverage against seasonal strains of influenza viruses. The identification of V(H)1-69 antibodies that broadly neutralize almost all influenza A group 1 viruses constituted a breakthrough in the influenza field. Here, we report the isolation and characterization of a human monoclonal antibody CR8020 with broad neutralizing activity against most group 2 viruses, including H3N2 and H7N7, which cause severe human infection. The crystal structure of Fab CR8020 with the 1968 pandemic H3 hemagglutinin (HA) reveals a highly conserved epitope in the HA stalk distinct from the epitope recognized by the V(H)1-69 group 1 antibodies. Thus, a cocktail of two antibodies may be sufficient to neutralize most influenza A subtypes and, hence, enable development of a universal flu vaccine and broad-spectrum antibody therapies. 相似文献
2.
2009甲型H1N1流感病毒的研究综述(英文) 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
[目的]介绍2009甲型H1N1流感病毒的研究进展。[方法]从病毒的分类与宿主,病毒学,分子特征及疫苗等方面简要介绍了2009甲型H1N1流感病毒。[结果]2009年4月初出现的一种新型甲型(H1N1)流感病毒通过人-人传播迅速蔓延全球,该病毒包含一组新的基因片段,已知的最接近的前体为在猪体内发现的病毒。该病毒似乎保留着重新感染猪的潜力从而可能继续与猪源病毒发生重组。所有已注册的2009甲型流感疫苗均在对志愿者的临床试验中测试了安全性和免疫原性,发现所有疫苗都是安全的,并且单剂量的疫苗给药后引起保护性抗体反应。[结论]为进一步研究2009甲型H1N1流感病毒提供依据。 相似文献
3.
禽流感与人类健康 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
禽流感(avian influenza,AI)是由A型流感病毒(avian influenza virus)引起的一种禽类感染征或疾病综合症,高致病性禽流感(highly pathogenic avian influenza,HPAI)可引起禽类100％的死亡。由于抗原转变和抗原漂移,禽流感病毒是高度可变的。人禽流感是指高致病性禽流感病毒跨越物种界限,引起人类感染的一种新发传染病。目前,全球已发现H5N1、H7N7、H9N2等亚型禽流感病毒可感染人类。但目前还没有发现禽流感病毒具有在人群中相互传播的能力。对禽流感必须采用积极的预防策略。在加强监测的基础上,对家禽采用扑杀和免疫相结合的措施,可以有效地控制禽流感的流行。研制人类流感疫苗,是预防新的流感病毒株的流行的可靠保证。 相似文献
4.
Protective efficacy of an H5/H7 trivalent inactivated vaccine produced from Re-11, Re-12, and H7-Re2 strains against challenge with different H5 and H7 viruses in chickens 
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下载免费PDF全文 ZENG Xian-ying CHEN Xiao-han MA Shu-jie WU Jiao-jiao BAO Hong-mei PAN Shu-xin LIU Yan-jing DENG Guo-hua SHI Jian-zhong CHEN Pu-cheng JIANG Yong-ping LI Yan-bing HU Jing-lei LU Tong MAO Sheng-gang GUO Xing-fu LIU Jing-li TIAN Guo-bin CHEN Hua-lan 《农业科学学报》2020,19(9):2294-2300
We developed an H5/H7 trivalent inactivated vaccine by using Re-11, Re-12, and H7-Re2 vaccine seed viruses, which were generated by reverse genetics and derived their HA genes from A/duck/Guizhou/S4184/2017(H5 N6)(DK/GZ/S4184/17)(a clade 2.3.4.4 d virus), A/chicken/Liaoning/SD007/2017(H5 N1)(CK/LN/SD007/17)(a clade 2.3.2.1 d virus), and A/chicken/Guangxi/SD098/2017(H7 N9)(CK/GX/SD098/17), respectively. The protective efficacy of this novel vaccine and that of the recently used H5/H7 bivalent inactivated vaccine against different H5 and H7 N9 viruses was evaluated in chickens. We found that the H5/H7 bivalent vaccine provided solid protection against the H7 N9 virus CK/GX/SD098/17, but only 50–60% protection against different H5 viruses. In contrast, the novel H5/H7 trivalent vaccine provided complete protection against the H5 and H7 viruses tested. Our study underscores the importance of timely updating of vaccines for avian influenza control. 相似文献
5.
Airborne transmission of influenza A/H5N1 virus between ferrets 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Herfst S Schrauwen EJ Linster M Chutinimitkul S de Wit E Munster VJ Sorrell EM Bestebroer TM Burke DF Smith DJ Rimmelzwaan GF Osterhaus AD Fouchier RA 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,336(6088):1534-1541
Highly pathogenic avian influenza A/H5N1 virus can cause morbidity and mortality in humans but thus far has not acquired the ability to be transmitted by aerosol or respiratory droplet ("airborne transmission") between humans. To address the concern that the virus could acquire this ability under natural conditions, we genetically modified A/H5N1 virus by site-directed mutagenesis and subsequent serial passage in ferrets. The genetically modified A/H5N1 virus acquired mutations during passage in ferrets, ultimately becoming airborne transmissible in ferrets. None of the recipient ferrets died after airborne infection with the mutant A/H5N1 viruses. Four amino acid substitutions in the host receptor-binding protein hemagglutinin, and one in the polymerase complex protein basic polymerase 2, were consistently present in airborne-transmitted viruses. The transmissible viruses were sensitive to the antiviral drug oseltamivir and reacted well with antisera raised against H5 influenza vaccine strains. Thus, avian A/H5N1 influenza viruses can acquire the capacity for airborne transmission between mammals without recombination in an intermediate host and therefore constitute a risk for human pandemic influenza. 相似文献
6.
试验通过对重组禽流感病毒(H5+H7)三价灭活疫苗(H5N1Re-11株+Re-12株+H7N9 H7Re-2株)在慢速型黄羽肉鸡上接种后产生抗体效价值的情况,来评价重组禽流感病毒(H5+H7)三价灭活疫苗(H5N1Re-11株+Re-12株+H7N9 Re-2株)对黄羽肉鸡预防高致病性禽流感疫病的效果。结果表明黄羽肉鸡在15日龄接种重组禽流感病毒(H5+H7)三价灭活疫苗(H5N1Re-11株+Re-12株+H7N9 H7Re2株),45日龄进行二次免疫,75日龄进行三免,产生H5N1Re-11株抗体滴度、H5N1Re-12株抗体滴度、H7N9 Re-2株抗体滴度都较高,从抗体消长规律来看对慢速型黄羽肉鸡出栏前都有很好的保护力。试验在黄羽肉鸡上接种重组禽流感病毒(H5+H7)三价灭活疫苗(H5N1Re-11株+Re-12株+H7N9 H7Re2株)首次免疫后14 d产生抗体有保护力,二免后28日龄抗体滴度达到高峰,对慢速型黄羽肉鸡有很好的保护力。 相似文献
7.
[目的]为制定商品肉鸡新城疫(ND)、禽流感(AI)的免疫程序提供理论依据。[方法]在调查不同规模化养殖场免疫程序的基础上,制定商品肉鸡的免疫程序,分析不同免疫程序下ND和AI(H5亚型)HI抗体消长规律。[结果]1~7日龄商品肉鸡ND和AI的母源抗体均维持在免疫保护临界值之上。用ND疫苗免疫后,鸡群抗体水平不断下降,各免疫组均在24日龄最低。使用ND活疫苗和灭活苗的免疫组中ND抗体滴度比其他免疫组高。非免疫组AI(H5亚型)抗体滴度均随日龄的增加而逐渐下降,而免疫组24日龄后缓慢上升,38日龄达到免疫保护临界值。[结论]禽流感(H5亚型)灭活苗对商品肉鸡的免疫效果较差,应从免疫佐剂、抗原浓缩等方面进行新型商品肉鸡禽流感疫苗研究。 相似文献
8.
The H9N2 and H5N1 avian influenza viruses (AIVs) have been circulating in poultry in China and become endemic since 1998 and 2004, respectively. Currently, they are prevalent in poultry throughout China. This endemicity makes them actively involved in the emergence of the novel lineages of other subtypes of influenza viruses, such as the well-known viruses of the highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N2 and the 2013 novel H7N7, H7N9 and H10N8 subtypes, thereby threatening both the poultry industry and public health. Here, we will review briefly the prevalence and evolution, pathogenicity, transmission, and disease control of these two subtypes and also discuss the possibility of emergence of potentially virulent and highly transmissible AIVs to humans. 相似文献
9.
Highly conserved protective epitopes on influenza B viruses 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
C Dreyfus NS Laursen T Kwaks D Zuijdgeest R Khayat DC Ekiert JH Lee Z Metlagel MV Bujny M Jongeneelen R van der Vlugt M Lamrani HJ Korse E Geelen Ö Sahin M Sieuwerts JP Brakenhoff R Vogels OT Li LL Poon M Peiris W Koudstaal AB Ward IA Wilson J Goudsmit RH Friesen 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,337(6100):1343-1348
Identification of broadly neutralizing antibodies against influenza A viruses has raised hopes for the development of monoclonal antibody-based immunotherapy and "universal" vaccines for influenza. However, a substantial part of the annual flu burden is caused by two cocirculating, antigenically distinct lineages of influenza B viruses. Here, we report human monoclonal antibodies, CR8033, CR8071, and CR9114, that protect mice against lethal challenge from both lineages. Antibodies CR8033 and CR8071 recognize distinct conserved epitopes in the head region of the influenza B hemagglutinin (HA), whereas CR9114 binds a conserved epitope in the HA stem and protects against lethal challenge with influenza A and B viruses. These antibodies may inform on development of monoclonal antibody-based treatments and a universal flu vaccine for all influenza A and B viruses. 相似文献
10.
广西猪流感血清学调查 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用血凝抑制试验对广西7个市30个猪场的2156份猪血清样品进行了猪流感病毒H1、H3亚型抗体的检测。结果显示,在被调查的30个猪场中,H1亚型抗体阳性率为96.67%,H3亚型抗体阳性率为86.67%,H1 H3亚型抗体阳性率为86.67%;在检测的2156份血清样品中,H1亚型抗体阳性率为29.04%,H3亚型抗体阳性率为31.54%,H1 H3亚型抗体阳性率为12.15%。表明在所调查的广西猪场中,猪流感病毒的感染较为普遍,大部分猪场都曾被H1、H3亚型感染。 相似文献
11.
【目的】分析3株属于欧亚类禽(SWSS1)、经典(SWL6)与Pdm09H1N1(Pdm091057)分支的猪流感病毒的HA基因遗传信息及抗原的特异性,为HA基因抗原表位的功能研究及流感防控奠定基础。【方法】以SWSS1株、SWL6株和Pdm091057株流感病毒为材料,比较分析3株H1N1亚型HA基因片段的遗传信息,制备全病毒灭活疫苗,各免疫3只雌性新西兰大白兔,采用血凝抑制(Hemagglutination inhibition,HI)反应试验检测抗体滴度。【结果】3株病毒的HA基因片段的氨基酸序列相似性为69.4%~89.1%,各分支的HA基因的抗原表位存在差异;3株病毒经过2次免疫后平均HI抗体滴度均能达1 280以上,且SWSS1的平均HI抗体滴度高达2 560。同时SWSS1与SWL6、Pdm091057这2株病毒均无血清学交叉反应,而SWL6与Pdm091057有较低的血清学交叉反应。【结论】3株猪流感病毒的HA基因片段抗原表位存在着差异,可能是3毒株之间血清学交叉反应较低的原因。3株病毒免疫原性均较好,可作为候选疫苗株。 相似文献
12.
H9亚型AIV型特异性电化学发光免疫检测方法的建立 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
【目的】H9亚型禽流感是重要的人兽共患性传染病,该亚型病毒为H7N9亚型和H10N8亚型流感病毒提供了6个内部基因（PB2、PB1、PA、NP、M、NS）,并且一直处于动态重组过程中。因此,建立针对H9亚型禽流感的型特异性电化学发光免疫的高通量快速检测方法,加强H9亚型流感的监测,具有重要意义。【方法】用钌联吡啶标记H9亚型AIV的单克隆抗体,用MPI-E型电致化学发光分析系统评价钌标单抗标记效率;用生物素标记H9亚型AIV的多克隆抗体,HABA法检测抗体生物素化的效率;待测抗原与钌标单抗作用1 h后,将此抗原-抗体复合物与通过生物素-链霉亲和素系统固定在磁微球表面的多克隆抗体反应,最后加入反应底物三丙胺后即可在电化学分析系统进行发光检测。优化生物素化多抗和钌标单抗最佳工作浓度,确定临界值和反应谱,对所建立的方法进行敏感性、特异性和重复性试验。攻毒后3 d和5 d,采集攻毒组和空白对照组鸡只的88份咽拭子和肛拭子,分别用电化学发光免疫检测方法和鸡胚病毒分离法进行检测和比较。【结果】钌标抗H9亚型AIV单克隆抗体的标记效率为每个单抗IgG分子上结合21个Ru2+,且间接免疫荧光方法证明其仍具有生物活性;生物素化兔抗H9N2亚型AIV多克隆抗体的标记效率为每个IgG分子上结合了6个生物素分子,且Western blotting试验证明其仍保持生物活性;该方法的检测临界值为28.3,可疑区间为23.4-33.2;阴性和阳性变异系数均小于10%;检测限为5×104EID50,能够特异性地检测H9亚型AIV,不与其他亚型流感病毒（H1、H3、H4、H5和H6亚型）和其他类型的禽源病毒（NDV、IBV和IBDV）反应。3 h内即可完成检测,与鸡胚病毒分离法的符合率为86.4%。【结论】所建立的H9亚型AIV型特异性电化学发光免疫检测方法可以用于临床样品检测,对H9亚型禽流感的监测和防控具有重要意义。 相似文献
13.
禽流感疫苗免疫商品代蛋鸡免疫抗体水平和消长规律检测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
将6批次的商品代蛋鸡13 700羽分成6个试验组,用6种不同的禽流感疫苗分别接种商品代蛋鸡,疫苗免疫之后每间隔2周采血分离血清,检测禽流感H5和H9的抗体滴度和抗体持续期.结果表明HVK-2、SDYB、ZZZM三个试验组的H5抗体在免疫后的第2周达到4log2以上,CDJH和HVK-1两个试验组的H5抗体接近4log2,到第4周时,抗体滴度达到峰值,以后逐渐下降,而HVK-3试验组则几乎测不到H5抗体.H9抗体在疫苗免疫后2周全部达到5log2以上,HI抗体滴度普遍高于H5.对5组试验鸡分别进行了2次禽流感疫苗免疫,经过加强免疫的H5抗体水平普遍高于一免,并且抗体持续期明显延长. 相似文献
14.
减毒沙门氏菌介导H9亚型禽流感DNA疫苗与灭活疫苗联合应用研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
构建获得含有H9亚型禽流感病毒血凝素(HA)基因的重组真核表达质粒pCAGGS-HA。重组质粒电转化减毒鼠伤寒沙门氏菌SL7207,获得重组沙门氏菌SL7207(pCAGGS-HA)。重组菌SL7207(pCAGGS-HA)以5×109cfu的剂量2次口服免疫1日龄商品代伊莎褐蛋鸡后,再以油乳剂灭活疫苗加强免疫1次,并设立重组菌单独免疫组、灭活苗免疫组、空载体免疫组及空白对照组。联合免疫组和重组菌单独免疫组的小肠黏膜抗体效价与其他组之间存在显著差异(P<0.05),且两组的攻毒免疫保护水平与空载体组之间差异显著(P<0.05),其中联合免疫组的免疫保护率最高,达100%,而灭活苗免疫组保护率为80%,表明减毒沙门氏菌介导的H9亚型禽流感DNA疫苗与灭活疫苗联合应用具有良好的免疫协同作用。 相似文献
15.
为评价免疫增强剂(VA5)对禽用联苗的免疫增强作用,将VA5分别与市售鸡新城疫-传染性法氏囊(新法)二联苗合用免疫SPF鸡和蛋鸡、与新城疫-H9亚型禽流感(新流)二联苗合用仅免疫SPF鸡,评价免疫后的抗体效价和SPF鸡攻毒后的保护效力。结果显示,SPF鸡或蛋鸡免疫含VA5的新法二联苗、新流二联苗后,新城疫血凝抑制(HI)抗体效价比常规苗组提前1周达到6 log2,禽流感HI抗体效价比常规苗组提前1周达到7 log2,法氏囊血清琼扩抗体和中和抗体比常规苗组均提前1周合格,且3种抗体持续高于常规疫苗组。免疫含VA5疫苗组的SPF鸡对新城疫强毒攻毒,以临床症状判断,可达全保护;以囊病变和临床症状判断,对法氏囊的攻毒提供全保护;H9变异株攻毒后不排毒。对上述3种病毒的保护力均高于常规苗。上述结果表明,VA5免疫增强剂能够提高鸡新法二联苗、新流二联苗对鸡的免疫效力,具有很好的应用前景。 相似文献
16.
17.
【目的】为确定中国华东地区家禽中禽低致病性禽流感(Low pathogenic avian influenza, LPAI)的流行和分布状况。【方法】 2002年7月至2009年9月在江苏省扬州市活禽市场 (live poultry markets, LPMs)采集来自不同省份的家禽泄殖腔拭子11 645个,用鸡胚尿囊腔传代接种法分离病毒,进行了长达8年的LPAI的病毒学监测。【结果】禽流感阳性样品1 158个,总分离率9.94%。所分离到的亚型及各亚型分离率从高到低依次为H3、H6、H11、H1、H4、H9、H10、H8。【结论】禽流感的分布季节性非常明显,以冬、春为高,各亚型又有其不同分布特点。到目前为止,已经从家鸭中分离到8种HA亚型,依次为H1、H3、H4、H6、H8、H9、H10、H11;7种NA亚型,包括N1、N2、N3、N4、N5、N6、N8,两者之间有17种组合,与野鸭的带毒情况十分相似。家鸭还很容易发生混合感染,2007年以来以H6亚型为主,H3、H11、H4、H9等很多亚型都可与其混合感染,这为禽流感病毒(avian influenza viruses, AIVs)基因重组产生新的亚型及毒力的变异提供了很好的载体。 相似文献
18.
参照农业部既定的蛋鸡高致病性禽流感免疫程序,对100只蛋鸡雏免疫重组高致病性禽流感H5N1(Re-4+Re-5)2价灭活疫苗,300只蛋鸡雏分3组分别免疫重组高致病性禽流感H5N1(Re-4)株、(Re-5)株灭活单苗作为对照,通过免疫应激反应观察、抗体效价检测,以评价该疫苗的免疫效果。 相似文献
19.
Russell CA Jones TC Barr IG Cox NJ Garten RJ Gregory V Gust ID Hampson AW Hay AJ Hurt AC de Jong JC Kelso A Klimov AI Kageyama T Komadina N Lapedes AS Lin YP Mosterin A Obuchi M Odagiri T Osterhaus AD Rimmelzwaan GF Shaw MW Skepner E Stohr K Tashiro M Fouchier RA Smith DJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2008,320(5874):340-346
Antigenic and genetic analysis of the hemagglutinin of approximately 13,000 human influenza A (H3N2) viruses from six continents during 2002-2007 revealed that there was continuous circulation in east and Southeast Asia (E-SE Asia) via a region-wide network of temporally overlapping epidemics and that epidemics in the temperate regions were seeded from this network each year. Seed strains generally first reached Oceania, North America, and Europe, and later South America. This evidence suggests that once A (H3N2) viruses leave E-SE Asia, they are unlikely to contribute to long-term viral evolution. If the trends observed during this period are an accurate representation of overall patterns of spread, then the antigenic characteristics of A (H3N2) viruses outside E-SE Asia may be forecast each year based on surveillance within E-SE Asia, with consequent improvements to vaccine strain selection. 相似文献
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【目的】禽流感病毒(avian influenza virus, AIV)根据其表面糖蛋白血凝素(hemagglutinin, HA)和神经氨酸(neuraminidase, NA)的不同,可分为16种HA和9种NA亚型。根据其致病力的差异可分为高致病性禽流感病毒(highly pathogenic avian influenza virus, HPAIV)和低致病性禽流感病毒(low pathogenic avian influenza virus, LPAIV)。虽然H4亚型禽流感病毒为低致病性AIV,感染家禽表现为无症状感染,但其对禽类甚至是哺乳动物是一个潜在的威胁,因此必须要加强对H4亚型禽流感病毒的调查监控。【方法】为了探讨H4亚型禽流感病毒的分子特征及遗传演化规律,对2010年在中国华东地区某活禽市场进行流行病学监测时分离到的一株H4N8亚型禽流感病毒A/duck/Nanjing/1102/2010（简称DK/NJ /1102）进行了全基因组序列测定及遗传进化分析。通过常规的血清学试验确定其HA亚型,提取病毒总RNA,并通过RT-PCR方法分别扩增出其各基因片段,连接 pGEM-Teasy载体上后进行序列测定。利用GenBank中的BLAST工具进行核苷酸序列的同源性分析,并与GeneBank 中的H4亚型流感病毒及其它相关序列进行遗传进化分析。【结果】DK/NJ/1102的HA基因与Mongolia 分离株A/duck/Mongolia/274/2007(H4N3)的核苷酸同源性最高,为98.9%。推导的氨基酸剪切位点序列为“P-E-K-A-S-R-G”,符合典型的低致病性禽流感病毒特征;NA基因与华东地区分离的鸭源毒株A/Duck/Eastern China/n91/2009(H3N8)核苷酸同源性最高,达99.4%;PB1、PA和NP基因均与H1亚型禽流感病毒亲缘关系最近;M基因与A/wild duck/Korea/CSM4-12/2009(H5N1)核苷酸同源性最高,高达99.9%;NS基因与韩国2009年分离的H7N7亚型流感病毒遗传距离最近。NS1蛋白的80-84处氨基酸没有发生氨基酸缺失。【结论】该H4N8亚型禽流感病毒基因组构成比较复杂,可能是一株多基因重组病毒。 相似文献