共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
Interannual variability in aboveground net primary production (ANPP) was assessed with long-term (mean = 12 years) data from 11 Long Term Ecological Research sites across North America. The greatest interannual variability in ANPP occurred in grasslands and old fields, with forests the least variable. At a continental scale, ANPP was strongly correlated with annual precipitation. However, interannual variability in ANPP was not related to variability in precipitation. Instead, maximum variability in ANPP occurred in biomes where high potential growth rates of herbaceous vegetation were combined with moderate variability in precipitation. In the most dynamic biomes, ANPP responded more strongly to wet than to dry years. Recognition of the fourfold range in ANPP dynamics across biomes and of the factors that constrain this variability is critical for detecting the biotic impacts of global change phenomena. 相似文献
2.
运用地统计方法对海涂土壤电导率的空间变异性进行了深入的分析．结果表明,土壤电导率的空间变异可分为系统变异和随机变异两类,系统变异由微地形、土壤管理等外在环境因素决定,因此不同采样区的系统变异存在差异,其中表层土壤的系统变异明显强于深层土壤;而在不同采样区求得的随机变异结构稳定相似并存在套合结构,它们的变程不受采样方向和采样时间的影响． 相似文献
3.
4.
为了研究中阳洪水沟坝地土壤有效态微量元素Cu、Mn、Fe、Zn的垂直变异性与水平变异性分布特征,在中阳洪水沟11号坝地采集不同部位不同深度的土壤样品,测定其有效Cu、Mn、Fe、Zn含量。结果表明:坝地土壤微量元素总体上比较丰富,特别是有效态Mn的含量较高,有效Zn含量较低;从剖面层次来看,土壤有效态Cu、Zn随土壤深度的增加呈现出一定的变异性,属于中等变异性,Mn、Fe属于弱变异性;同一坝地不同部位之间,有效铜变属于高度变异性,有效态Mn、Fe、Zn属于中等变异性。该研究为洪水沟坝地微肥的施用提供了一定的理论依据。 相似文献
5.
德阳旌阳区土壤氮素空间变异特征及影响因素分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
根据德阳市旌阳区1803个土壤采样点数据,采用地统计学和回归分析方法,对其土壤全氮和碱解氮的空间变异特征进行分析,探讨不同因素对其空间变异的影响。结果表明,研究区土壤全氮和碱解氮含量范围分别为0.52-4.38 g/kg和15.00-326.74 mg/kg,均处于较丰富的水平。土壤全氮和碱解氮的块金值与基台值之化分别为0.264和0.505,具有中等空间相关性,受结构因素与随机因素共同影响。空间分布上均表现为西部平原区明显高于东部丘陵区。土壤母质可独立解释25.7%和12.2%的全氮和碱解氮空间变异。地形因素的解释能力分别为16.7%-29.7%和7.6%-16.2%,其中坡度因子的解释能力最大。土类、亚类和土属对全氮和碱解氮空间变异的独立解释能力分别为23.4%、28.0%、36.6%和12.5%、13.8%、18.6%。种植制度对全氮空间变异的解释能力为33.8%,小于土属的影响程度;对碱解氮的解释能力为22.4%,大于各种结构因素的独立解释能力。研究结果表明研究区土壤全氮空间变异主要受母质、地形等结构因素的综合影响,而人为活动因素是碱解氮空间变异的主控因素。 相似文献
6.
土壤速效养分空间变异研究 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
结合传统统计与地质统计学方法对新疆洛浦县多鲁乡哈拉浦村小麦地耕层土壤速效养分进行空间变间变异研究,其土壤速效养分变异均属中等变异,幅度在18;～33;.应用地质统计学分析其空间变异性,土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮具有强烈的空间相关性,C0/C0+C比值在9.2;～18.9;,表明空间变异主要由土壤母质、地形、气候等非人为因素引起;土壤速效磷、钾具有中等相关性,C0/C0+C比值分别为50.7;和44.8;,表明其空间变异主要由施肥、作物、管理水平等人为因素引起. 相似文献
7.
8.
Black DE Peterson LC Overpeck JT Kaplan A Evans MN Kashgarian M 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1999,286(5445):1709-1713
Climate in the tropical North Atlantic is controlled largely by variations in the strength of the trade winds, the position of the Intertropical Convergence Zone, and sea surface temperatures. A high-resolution study of Caribbean sediments provides a subdecadally resolved record of tropical upwelling and trade wind variability spanning the past 825 years. These results confirm the importance of a decadal (12- to 13-year) mode of Atlantic variability believed to be driven by coupled tropical ocean-atmosphere dynamics. Although a well-defined interdecadal mode of variability does not appear to be characteristic of the tropical Atlantic, there is evidence that century-scale variability is substantial. The tropical Atlantic may also have been involved in a major shift in Northern Hemisphere climate variability that took place about 700 years ago. 相似文献
9.
Genetic variation in a gradient of environmental variability: marine bivalvia (Mollusca) 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
J Levinton 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1973,180(81):75-76
Six bivalve mollusk species were sampled for genetic variability at two enzyme synthesizing loci. The effective number of alleles and absolute number of alleles decreased with depth of burial within the sediment, intertidally, and with depth of water, subtidally. It is proposed that environmental variability regulates genetic variability at these two loci. 相似文献
10.
在我国东南5省选择6个代表性区域(自然村),采用ASI和地统计学等方法对耕作土壤的有效Ca、Mg、S和Zn的空间变异性与合理取样数量进行了研究.结果表明,①中微量元素的一般变异性大小顺序为:S＞Zn＞Mg＞Ca,有效Ca和Mg的变异主要受土壤母质和微地形等区域性因素的影响,有效Zn的变异主要与作物布局和施肥水平等随机性因素有关,有效S的变异则同时受水分条件、作物布局和施肥水平的制约;②尽管某些中微量元素的总体变异性相似,但在各研究区域,其实际半方差结构并不相同;③对于明显偏斜的土壤养分来说,建议采用最适分配法确定合理取样数量,纯随机合理取样数量仍可作为重要参考. 相似文献
11.
Tropical pacific forcing of decadal SST variability in the western indian ocean over the past two centuries 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
A 194-year annual record of skeletal delta(18)O from a coral growing at Malindi, Kenya, preserves a history of sea surface temperature (SST) change that is coherent with instrumental and proxy records of tropical Pacific climate variability over interannual to decadal periods. This variability is superimposed on a warming of as much as 1.3 degrees C since the early 1800s. These results suggest that the tropical Pacific imparts substantial decadal climate variability to the western Indian Ocean and, by implication, may force decadal variability in other regions with strong El Nino-Southern Oscillation teleconnections. 相似文献
12.
Enhancement of Interdecadal Climate Variability in the Sahel by Vegetation Interaction 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
The role of naturally varying vegetation in influencing the climate variability in the West African Sahel is explored in a coupled atmosphere-land-vegetation model. The Sahel rainfall variability is influenced by sea-surface temperature variations in the oceans. Land-surface feedback is found to increase this variability both on interannual and interdecadal time scales. Interactive vegetation enhances the interdecadal variation substantially but can reduce year-to-year variability because of a phase lag introduced by the relatively slow vegetation adjustment time. Variations in vegetation accompany the changes in rainfall, in particular the multidecadal drying trend from the 1950s to the 1980s. 相似文献
13.
旱地胡麻起垄覆膜播种联合作业机工作参数优化与性能试验 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
为提高旱地胡麻起垄覆膜播种联合作业机的播种作业性能,基于Design-Expert软件,采用Box-behnken试验设计原理,以机具前进速度、型孔数目和型孔直径为影响因子,各行排量一致性变异系数和总排量稳定性变异系数为响应值,设计三因素三水平试验优化方案,建立各影响因子及交互作用对各行排量一致性变异系数、总排量稳定性变异系数的二次回归模型,并对模型进行方差分析。结果表明:影响因子对各行排量一致性变异系数和总排量稳定性变异系数的显著性主次分别为:型孔直径、机具前进速度、型孔数目;型孔直径、型孔数目、机具前进速度。该机具最优工作参数组合为:机具前进速度为0.53 m/s、型孔数目为11个、型孔直径为8.5 mm。田间试验结果表明,此优化参数下,旱地胡麻起垄覆膜播种联合作业机的各行排量一致性变异系数和总排量稳定性变异系数分别为:3.63%和4.09%,符合小籽粒播种机基本作业质量标准要求。 相似文献
14.
15.
黑龙江精准农业示范区土壤养分空间变异研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以面积为129 hm^2农田为采样区,使用Ag132 DGPS仪定位,网格法采集0～20 cm耕层土壤样品,实验室测定土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾和有机质的含量.应用传统统计学方法和空间分析方法对土壤养分变异进行了研究.结果表明,土壤养分性质均存在着空间变异性,速效磷、速效钾和有机质变异相对较大,碱解氮变异亦小;土壤养分性质均存在半方差结构,分别拟合Exponential、Gaussian、Pentaspherical、Gaussian模型;碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾和有机质均显示中等的空间相关性. 相似文献
16.
Rainfall variability,carbon cycling,and plant species diversity in a mesic grassland 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
Knapp AK Fay PA Blair JM Collins SL Smith MD Carlisle JD Harper CW Danner BT Lett MS McCarron JK 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2002,298(5601):2202-2205
Ecosystem responses to increased variability in rainfall, a prediction of general circulation models, were assessed in native grassland by reducing storm frequency and increasing rainfall quantity per storm during a 4-year experiment. More extreme rainfall patterns, without concurrent changes in total rainfall quantity, increased temporal variability in soil moisture and plant species diversity. However, carbon cycling processes such as soil CO2 flux, CO2 uptake by the dominant grasses, and aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) were reduced, and ANPP was more responsive to soil moisture variability than to mean soil water content. Our results show that projected increases in rainfall variability can rapidly alter key carbon cycling processes and plant community composition, independent of changes in total precipitation. 相似文献
17.
以面积为450000m2农田为采样区,使用手持式GPS定位,网格法采集0￣20cm耕层土壤样品,实验室测定土壤碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾和有机质的含量。应用传统统计学方法和空间分析方法对土壤养分变异进行了研究。结果表明,土壤养分性质均存在着空间变异性,受常规施肥措施影响较大的碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾变异相对较大;常规施肥有机质投放较少,变异相对较小;土壤养分性质均存在半方差结构,分别拟合Circular、Pentaspherical、Exponential模型,碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾和有机质均显示中等的空间相关性。 相似文献
18.
黄土丘陵区林草景观界面土壤养分分布特征和空间变异性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对泾河流域林草景观界面的土壤养分测定,分析比较界面中养分的分布特征及空间变异性。结果表明:该流域内的土壤养分分布不平衡,除钾素含量(22.977～25.183 g.k-g1)富足外,其他养分含量都很低;林地内养分含量高于草地(有机质含量高16.310%;水解氮含量高19.570%),在界面上养分变化较大,林内和草地内养分变化较小;界面上养分时空差异不明显,而层次之间差异显著。无论是林地还是草地,土壤各养分的变化是确定性变异和随机性变异共同作用的结果,且确定性的变化规律往往控制一定范围内土壤养分的变化和分布。 相似文献
19.
A glacial varve chronology from New England spanning the 4000-year period from 17,500 to 13,500 calendar years before the present was analyzed for evidence of climate variability during the late Pleistocene. The chronology shows a distinct interannual (3 to 5 years) band of enhanced variability suggestive of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) teleconnections into North America during the late Pleistocene, when the Laurentide ice sheet was near its maximum extent and climatic boundary conditions were different than those of today. This interannual variability largely disappears by the young end of the 4000-year chronology, with only the highest frequency components (roughly 3-year period) persisting. This record provides evidence of ENSO-like climate variability during near-peak glacial conditions. 相似文献
20.
膜下滴灌模式下棉花不同生育阶段土壤水分的空间变异性研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
[目的]以膜下滴灌棉田为材料,研究棉花不同生育期土壤水分的空间变异规律.[方法]采用均匀网格法布点方式,测定了滴灌棉田苗期、蕾期、花铃期和吐絮期的各个采样点0～20、20～40和40～60 cm三个不同深度的土壤含水率.[结果]膜下滴灌模式下的棉田土壤水分的空间变异性,相对于整个生育期,各层土壤水分的空间变异性随着棉花的生长而增大.相对于整个生育期的不同垂直深度,各层土壤水分的空间变异性是随着采样土层深度的加深而减小.[结论]由于表层土壤水分受人为等因素影响,0～20 cm层土壤水分的空间变异性比较复杂. 相似文献