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[目的]研究酸雨和铅复合污染对水稻幼苗期保护酶系统的影响,为酸雨和铅复合污染对植物的毒性机理研究提供科学依据。[方法]以苏香梗3号水稻幼苗为试材,采用模拟联合污染方法,共设4个处理,即对照(CK)、酸雨组、铅组、铅+酸雨组,研究了铅及酸雨复合胁迫对水稻幼苗的危害。[结果]酸雨(p H=3)与铅的复合胁迫使水稻生长受到明显抑制,导致幼苗保护酶系统中SOD、POD升高后快速降低,CAT活性持续减弱。[结论]复合污染严重影响了水稻保护酶系统的正常功能,且复合污染的危害远大于单一污染之和。 相似文献
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胡利锋 《湖南农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2012,38(4):408-412
采用室内生物活性测定法,研究了中药羌活粗提物减轻乙草胺对水稻幼苗伤害的效果和对水稻幼苗谷胱甘肽S转移酶(GSTs)活性的影响。结果表明:在乙草胺质量浓度为0.05 mg/L的条件下,当羌活粗提物质量浓度分别为0.050 0、0.125 0、0.250 0、1.250 0 g/L时,水稻幼苗的株高分别恢复到清水对照的77.9%、95.1%、96.1%、96.2%;株鲜重恢复到清水对照的80.9%、98.8%、94.0%、98.4%;GSTs活性检测表明,羌活粗提物能诱导水稻幼苗地上部GSTs活性增强,当羌活粗提物的质量浓度为0.150 0、0.200 0和0.250 0 g/L时,水稻幼苗地上部GSTs的活性分别为清水对照的1.5、2.0和2.1倍。 相似文献
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CGA123407对水稻丁草胺伤害的安全作用的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
水稻芽期施用丁草胺易受到伤害,用适当浓度的ＣＧＡ１２３４０７和丁草胺同时施用,能解除丁草胺对水稻的伤害。对淀粉酶活性的抑制,并非丁草胺伤害水稻的唯一机理,而ＣＧＡ１２３４０７对水稻的保护作用,除了提高淀粉酶活性,也还有其他方面的影响。 相似文献
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水稻芽期施用丁草胺易受到伤害 ,用适当浓度的CGA12 3 40 7和丁草胺同时施用 ,能解除丁草胺对水稻的伤害。对淀粉酶活性的抑制 ,并非丁草胺伤害水稻的唯一机理 ,而CGA12 3 40 7对水稻的保护作用 ,除了提高淀粉酶活性 ,也还有其他方面的影响 相似文献
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3种对乙草胺敏感性不同的水稻-华籼占（优质稻，敏感品种），穗灵占（常规稻，抗性品种）和粤优青占（杂优稻，中抗品种），在用乙草胺处理后，测定乙烯释放速率的变化发现，3种水稻在萌发后前5d，生理调节乙烯的释放均受抑制，第6d后则均受促进，其中以华籼占受影响最严重，穗灵占受影响最轻微，粤优青占居中，据此认为，水稻幼苗生理调节乙烯的释放受干扰，是水稻幼苗会发生乙草胺药害的生理原因之一。 相似文献
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[目的]探索新型、高效除草剂的有效、安全使用技术。[方法]进行了多种除草剂对沿江圩区稻田杂草防除的药效试验。[结果]32%苯噻酰苄乙WP是苯噻酰草胺、苄磺隆、乙草胺的复配剂,比乙草胺安全,比53%苯噻酰苄价格低,具有杀草谱广、作用时间长、施用方便、对水稻安全的特点。[结论]在水稻移栽(活棵)后,用32%苯噻酰苄乙WP 750~900 g/hm2拌毒土或尿素撒施,对稻田主要杂草稗草、千金子、多花水苋、碎米莎草的防除效果可稳定在85%以上,对水稻安全。 相似文献
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[目的]探明超氧化物歧化酶模拟物(SODM)对水稻结实期体内保护性酶活性的影响。[方法]采用杂交稻和常规稻品种为材料,对它们喷施SODM后测定水稻叶片保护酶系活性与抗坏血酸、丙二醛、过氧化氢和活性氧自由基含量。[结果]SODM处理能够显著增加水稻结实期叶片中SOD、POD及CAT活性,使叶片中MDA、SO2-和H2O2含量维持在较低水平,减轻水稻被过氧化程度。[结论]SODM提高了植物体内抗氧化保护酶活性及其清除活性氧自由基的能力,进而延缓水稻的衰老,增强了结实中后期叶片光合作用产生的能力,有助于提高水稻的产量及品质。 相似文献
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Induction of Glutathione and Glutathione S-transferase in Several Crops with the Treatment of Acetochlor 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
1 Introduction Glutathione S- transferases ( GST.EC2 .5 1 .1 8) are a large family of homo- dimeric or hetero- dimericenzyme.They can detoxify a large variety of xenobiotic compounds,including drugs,antibiotics,insecticidesand herbicides.The GST family is ubiquitous and a substantial amountof research is available characteringtheir role in many plants species.The tripeptide glutathione( GSH- 1 - glutamyl- 1 - cysteinyl- glycine) is themajor low- molecular- weight thiol constituent o… 相似文献
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The experiment was carried out to study the genotypic difference in the responses of seed germination, growth and physiological characters of rice seedlings to Cd toxicity. The result showed that the germination was slightly stimulated under low Cd concentration (0.01-1.5 mM Cd), while severely depressed under higher Cd concentration (2.0 mM). Rice seedlings exposed to 0.01 mM Cd showed slight increases in plant height, root volume, biomass and chlorophyll concentration. These parameters were significantly reduced when Cd level in the medium was increased to 0.5 mM, and meanwhile corresponding increase in superoxide dismutase (SOD) and peroxidase (POD) activities, and MDA (malondialdehyde) content was observed. However, SOD and POD activities declined when plants were exposed to 1 mM Cd when compared with those under 0.5 mM Cd. Cadmium addition lowered Fe, Cu and Mn concentrations in roots and shoots. There was significant genotypic difference in the response of these parameters to Cd stress. Under Cd stress, Xiushui 110 had the least inhibition of growth and increase in MDA content, higher shoot Cd concentration, and greatest increase in POD and SOD activities, indicating its higher tolerance to Cd toxicity, while Bing 9914 had the greatest reduction of growth, and Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn contents, but greatest increase in MDA content, and least increase in activities of antioxidative enzymes, indicating its sensitivity to Cd toxicity. 相似文献
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10％乙草胺·苄嘧磺隆WP防除水稻抛秧田杂草效果 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过田间试验研究10％乙草胺·苄嘧磺隆WP对水稻抛秧田杂草的控制效果和对水稻产量的影响,为水稻抛秧田草害的化学防控提供依据.试验结果表明,10％乙草胺·苄嘧磺隆WP对水稻抛秧田的稗草[Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv]、鸭舌草[Monochoria vaginalis (Burm.F.)]、异型莎草(Cyperus difformis L.)均有良好的防治效果,用量为60～120 g(a.i)/hm2的10％乙草胺·苄嘧磺隆WP对杂草的综合鲜重防效和综合密度防效分别为86.64％～99.08％、89.88％～99.44％,优于对照药剂50％乙草胺EC和10％苄嘧磺隆WP.10％乙草胺·苄嘧磺隆WP增产效果优于对照药剂,在水稻抛秧田具有良好的推广前景. 相似文献
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为确定丹寨硒锌米的优势产区,随机抽取丹寨硒锌米保护范围内的大米样本34个,分别测定样品中硒、锌元素的含量,结果表明,大米硒、锌含量的平均值分别为0.065、23.9 mg/kg,在丹寨硒锌米保护范围内所产的大米中硒、锌元素含量并非都符合丹寨硒锌米的质量技术要求。 相似文献
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乙草胺对不同品种水稻萌发生长期间呼吸代谢的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
用不同浓度乙草胺处理３个品种水稻的发芽种子,水稻幼苗生长不同度受抑制;华籼占为敏感品种,粤优青占为中抗品种,穗灵占为高抗品种。各品种均在萌发后４￣６ｄ出现了１个呼吸高峰。乙草胺对敏感品种的呼吸速率,特别是ＥＭＰ和ＰＰ途径所诱发的呼吸峰具有严重的抑制作用,而对抗性品种影响小。我们认为,水稻萌发期间出现的呼吸峰受抑制,是水稻乙草胺药害及品种敏感性差异的基本性的生理原因。 相似文献
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以赤霉素、6-BA、芸苔素3种激素组合的4种复配剂,对早稻叶面喷施,研究了它们对延缓叶片衰老的影响。结果表明:各复配剂均减缓了叶片中叶绿素的降解、丙二醛的积累、膜透性的增加,提高了保护酶(SOD、POD、CAT)的活性,降低了氧自由基的产生速率,延缓了叶片的衰老;并提高了结实率、充实度和产量,其中,处理4的效果最好。 相似文献
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Genotypic Difference in the Responses of Seedling Growth and Cd Toxicity in Rice （Oryza sativa L.） 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
The experiment was carried out to study the genotypic difference in the responses of seed germination, growth and physiological characters of rice seedlings to Cd toxicity. The result showed that the germination was slightly stimulated under low Cd concentration （0.01-1.5 mM Cd）, while severely depressed under higher Cd concentration （2.0 mM）. Rice seedlings exposed to 0.01 mM Cd showed slight increases in plant height, root volume, biomass and chlorophyll concentration. These parameters were significantly reduced when Cd level in the medium was increased to 0.5 mM, and meanwhile corresponding increase in superoxide dismutase （SOD） and peroxidase （POD） activities, and MDA （malondialdehyde） content was observed. However, SOD and POD activities declined when plants were exposed to 1 mM Cd when compared with those under 0.5 mM Cd. Cadmium addition lowered Fe, Cu and Mn concentrations in roots and shoots. There was significant genotypic difference in the response of these parameters to Cd stress. Under Cd stress, Xiushui 110 had the least inhibition of growth and increase in MDA content, higher shoot Cd concentration, and greatest increase in POD and SOD activities, indicating its higher tolerance to Cd toxicity, while Bing 9914 had the greatest reduction of growth, and Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn contents, but greatest increase in MDA content, and least increase in activities of antioxidative enzymes, indicating its sensitivity to Cd toxicity. 相似文献
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干旱胁迫下不同水稻品种相关生理生化特性比较 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
以2个常规杂交稻品种秋优桂99、秋优1025为对照,对2个耐旱杂交稻品种旱优3号、培杂桂旱1号进行盆栽试验,在孕穗期后停止水分供应,进行干旱胁迫,探讨干旱胁迫对不同水稻品种保护酶系、电导率的影响.试验结果表明,干旱胁迫下, 不同水稻品种的超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量和电导率随着干旱的发生、发展,均呈一致上升趋势,在后期更加明显;随着干旱胁迫程度的加剧,耐旱品种叶片中不同保护酶系均显著高于常规品种,而电导率却低于对照.说明耐旱水稻品种具有较强的酶促抗氧化能力和渗透调节能力,在干旱胁迫下较常规品种具有更强的适应能力. 相似文献