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1.
Beijersbergen A Dulk-Ras AD Schilperoort RA Hooykaas PJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1992,256(5061):1324-1327
Agrobacterium tumefaciens transfers part of its Ti plasmid, the transferred DNA (T-DNA), to plant cells during tumor induction. Expression of this T-DNA in plant cells results in their transformation into tumor cells. There are similarities between the process of T-DNA transfer to plants and the process of bacterial conjugation. Here, the T-DNA transfer machinery mediated conjugation between bacteria. Thus, products of the Vir region of the Ti plasmid of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, normally involved in transfer of DNA from bacteria to plants, can direct the conjugative transfer of an IncQ plasmid between agrobacteria. 相似文献
2.
Agrobacterium tumefaciens induces tumors in plants by transferring and integrating oncogenes (T-DNA) into the chromosomes of host plant cells. Agrobacterium strains were used to transfer complementary DNA copies of a potato spindle tuber viroid (PSTV) to plant cells at a wound site on tomato plant stems. Subsequently, infectious viroid RNA was found in the leaves of these plants, indicating systemic PSTV infection. This process utilized the T-DNA transfer mechanisms of Agrobacterium since PSTV infection required most virulence genes (vir) as well as one of the DNA sequences that flank either side of the Agrobacterium T-DNA. However, transfer still occurred from virE mutants of Agrobacterium, strains that fail to induce tumors even though a completely functional T-DNA is present. The virE gene seems to be directly involved in the integration of foreign DNA into plant chromosomes. 相似文献
3.
Caplan A Herrera-Estrella L Inzé D Van Haute E Van Montagu M Schell J Zambryski P 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1983,222(4625):815-821
The tumor-inducing (Ti) plasmid of the soil microorganism Agrobacterium tumefaciens is the agent of crown gall disease in dicotyledonous plants. The Ti plasmid contains two regions that are essential for the production of transformed cells. One of these regions, termed transfer DNA, induces tumor formation and is found in all established plant tumor lines; the other, termed the virulence region, is essential for the formation but not the maintenance of tumors. Transfer DNA, which transfers to the plant genomes in a somewhat predictable manner, can be increased in size by the insertion of foreign DNA without its transferring ability being affected. The tumor-causing genes can be removed so that they no longer interfere with normal plant growth and differentiation. This modified Ti plasmid can thus be used as a vector for the transfer of foreign genes into plants. 相似文献
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The transfer process of T (transfer)-DNA of Agrobacterium tumefaciens is activated after the induction of the expression of the Ti plasmid virulence (vir) loci by plant signal molecules such as acetosyringone. The vir gene products then act to generate a free transferable single-stranded copy of the T-DNA, designated the T-strand. Although some vir proteins are responsible for the synthesis of the T-strand, others may mediate T-strand transfer to plant cells as part of a DNA-protein complex. Here, a novel 69-kilodalton vir-specific single-stranded DNA binding protein is identified in Agrobacterium harboring a nopaline-type Ti plasmid. This protein binds single-stranded but not double-stranded DNA regardless of nucleotide sequence composition. The molecular size of the vir-specific single-stranded DNA binding protein and its relative abundance in acetosyringone-induced Agrobacterium suggested that it might be the product of the virE locus; molecular cloning and expression of the virE region in Escherichia coli confirmed this prediction. 相似文献
6.
Wang K Stachel SE Timmerman B VAN Montagu M Zambryski PC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》1987,235(4788):587-591
The T-DNA transfer process of Agrobacterium tumefaciens is activated by the induction of the expression of the Ti plasmid virulence (vir) loci by plant signal molecules such as acetosyringone. The vir gene products act in trans to mobilize the T-DNA element from the bacterial Ti plasmid. The T-DNA is bounded by 25-base pair direct repeat sequences, which are the only sequences on the element essential for transfer. Thus, specific reactions must occur at the border sites to generate a transferable T-DNA copy. The T-DNA border sequences were shown in this study to be specifically nicked after vir gene activation. Border nicks were detected on the bottom strand just after the third or fourth base (+/- one or two nucleotides) of the 25-base pair transferpromoting sequence. Naturally occurring and base-substituted derivatives of the 25-base pair sequences are effective substrates for acetosyringone-induced border cleavage, whereas derivatives carrying only the first 15 or last 19 base pairs of the 25-base pair sequence are not. Site-specific border cleavages occur within 12 hours after acetosyringone induction and probably represent an early step in the T-DNA transfer process. 相似文献
7.
农杆菌是一种革兰氏阴性土壤病原细菌,携带具有天然转基因功能的Ti质粒或Ri质粒,能将一部分遗传物质插入到寄主植物的染色体上,使其稳定遗传和表达,赋予植物新的性状。所以农杆菌作为最有效的转化媒介,已被广泛应用于多数双子叶植物和部分单子叶植物转基因研究。虽然农杆菌介导的转化技术具有操作简单、成本低廉,转基因沉默几率小,插入基因拷贝数少等优点,但农杆菌介导植物遗传转化是一个复杂的生物学过程,需要一系列农杆菌蛋白和植物蛋白相互作用,共同完成外源基因的转入和整合。植物相关蛋白在转化过程中起着重要作用。其中,阿拉伯半乳聚糖蛋白(AGP)、植物根钙粘附蛋白和类玻连蛋白等参与农杆菌附着于植物细胞表面的过程;鸟苷三磷酸腺苷酶（GTPase）和BTI蛋白协助T-DNA和Vir效应蛋白进入植物细胞;actin、GIP、VIP等蛋白参与T-DNA复合体在细胞质中的运输的过程;与Vir效应蛋白互作的VIP1、VIP2、KAPa、PP2C、Roc等蛋白协助T-DNA定位于植物细胞核;组蛋白、VIP1和VIP2等引导T-DNA在植物基因组上的整合。由于植物种类间存在巨大差异,上述一些植物蛋白基因的过表达虽能提高农杆菌转化某些植物的转化效率,但不能提高另一些植物的转化效率。在容易被农杆菌遗传转化的植物如拟南芥、水稻中的研究表明,VIP1、VIP2、AGP、H2A等蛋白与农杆菌转化关系密切,但这些蛋白在利用农杆菌转化较难的作物如小麦、玉米中的功能还不明确,因而需要在不同植物中继续筛选和鉴定与T-DNA转化相关重要蛋白的编码基因。目前,农杆菌介导的植物遗传转化有2个显著特点,一是农杆菌介导转化烟草、拟南芥、水稻等模式植物的技术日渐成熟,二是农杆菌介导转化小麦、玉米、大豆等重要作物的技术仍然没有本质突破,植物相关蛋白在T-DNA转运、整合等过程中的作用还需要深入研究和进一步明确。文章主要对参与农杆菌介导遗传转化植物整个过程中相关植物蛋白的研究进展进行了综述,以期为提高农杆菌转化顽拗型作物的转化效率提供参考。 相似文献
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The transfer of specific Ti (tumor-inducing) plasmid sequences, the T-DNA, from Agrobacterium tumefaciens to a wide range of plants results in the formation of crown gall tumors. These tissues differ from most plant cells in that they can be grown in vitro in the absence of added phytohormones. Here, data are presented that offer an explanation for the auxin-independent phenotype of crown gall tissues. It is shown that crude cell-free extracts prepared from three bacterial species harboring pTiA6 gene 1 could convert L-tryptophan to indole-3-acetamide; control extracts lacking gene 1 could not carry out the reaction. Other reports indicate that the pTiA6 gene 2 product can convert indole-3-acetamide to indole-3-acetic acid, a naturally occurring auxin of plants. It is concluded that the auxin-independent phenotype of crown gall tissue involves the introduction of Ti plasmid sequences encoding a two-step pathway for auxin synthesis. 相似文献
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Until recently, gene transfer in plants was achieved only by sexual hybridization. Now, in addition, plant genetic manipulation, with the use of both recombinant DNA and protoplast fusion technology, is being applied to an increasing range of plants. The soil bacterium Agrobacterium tumefaciens, with its associated plasmid, is used as a vector for introducing DNA into the genomes of dicotyledonous plants, but it has not proved suitable for cereals. Instead, the direct uptake of plasmid DNA into cereal protoplasts is being used for the transformation of cells in rice, wheat, and maize. Transformation efficiencies, in some cases, are becoming comparable to those obtained in dicotyledons with Agrobacterium. In rice it is now possible to regenerate efficiently whole plants from protoplasts, and this capability may soon be extended to the other cereals. By means of direct interaction of cereal protoplasts with plasmids, coupled with improved procedures for the regeneration of plants from their protoplasts, gene transfer in the cereals is becoming established at the frontiers of recombinant DNA technology. 相似文献
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Agrobacterium tumefaciens incites crown gall tumors when bacterial DNA integrates into plant nuclear DNA. Plant cells can express these integrated bacterial genes. Following insertion of desired genes into bacterial DNA using recombinant DNA techniques, this system permits introduction of these new genes into plant DNA. We discuss the potential for genetic manipulation of plants using Agrobacterium tumefaciens and the related organism Agrobacterium rhizogenes. 相似文献
11.
Vergunst AC Schrammeijer B den Dulk-Ras A de Vlaam CM Regensburg-Tuïnk TJ Hooykaas PJ 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2000,290(5493):979-982
The Agrobacterium VirB/D4 transport system mediates the transfer of a nucleoprotein T complex into plant cells, leading to crown gall disease. In addition, several Virulence proteins must somehow be transported to fulfill a function in planta. Here, we used fusions between Cre recombinase and VirE2 or VirF to directly demonstrate protein translocation into plant cells. Transport of the proteins was monitored by a Cre-mediated in planta recombination event resulting in a selectable phenotype and depended on the VirB/D4 transport system but did not require transferred DNA. 相似文献
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二氢黄酮还原酶基因植物表达载体构建及对烟草的遗传转化研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以pBI121为基础载体,通过分步酶切连接分别构建组成型CaMV35S启动子、光合组织特异型PNZIP启动子驱动的DFR基因植物表达载体pBIDFR和pPNDFR;采用直接转化法将pBIDFR和pPNDFR导入根癌农杆菌菌株,采用pPNDFR/EHA105菌株对普通烟草进行了遗传转化研究.在Kanamycin选择压力下获得了烟草转化不定芽和完整植株,经过PCR鉴定,该DFR基因已成功导入烟草基因组中. 相似文献
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外源基因的引导转化是相对直接转化而言 ,包括两类蛋白分子对转移DNA的的共价结合和包被 ,涉及转移DNA复合物的形成、转移和在受体细胞核基因中的整合。认为引导转化将提高外源基因转移和整合的频率。在此认识的基础上 ,提出一个人工引导转化系统的技术方案 相似文献
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蒺藜苜蓿二氢黄酮还原酶基因克隆及植物表达载体构建 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用RT-PCR方法,从蒺藜苜蓿(Medicargotrunctula)中克隆了二氢黄酮还原酶(DFR)基因cDNA片段,并进行DFR基因植物表达载体的构建.结果表明:扩增的DFR基因片段全长约1 000 bp,编码337个氨基酸,与Gen-Bank中已注册的DFR基因核苷酸序列的同源性为99.80%.以pBI121为基础载体,构建了CaMV35S启动子驱动的DFR基因的植物表达载体pBIDFR,然后导入农杆菌EHA105,经PCR验证确定构建出植物表达载体. 相似文献
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为提高水稻的抗病性,利用哈茨木霉(Trichoderma hazianum)P1菌株的3个胞壁降解酶基因ech42、nag70与gluc78构建了7个植物表达载体,每个基因受独立的Act1启动子调控.构建的7个载体不仅包含3个外源基因的所有组合(A,B,C,A+B,A+C,B+C,A+B+C),而且具有双元载体本身携带的HPT基因与Gus基因,为研究不同T-DNA长度、不同基因组合与不同基因排列方向对植物遗传转化效率以及外源基因在转基因植株中表达的影响提供了一套比较完整的材料.利用本实验室的农杆菌高效转化体系,将所有组合的7个载体分别转入粳稻品种石狩白毛(Oryza sativa L ssp. Japonica cv. Ishikari-shiroge)中,共获得再生植株1800余株.对部分再生植株进行了PCR检测,证明96%的植株至少携带有外源基因中的一个,80%以上的植株整合有完整的外源基因片断. 相似文献
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Genome-wide insertional mutagenesis of Arabidopsis thaliana 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Alonso JM Stepanova AN Leisse TJ Kim CJ Chen H Shinn P Stevenson DK Zimmerman J Barajas P Cheuk R Gadrinab C Heller C Jeske A Koesema E Meyers CC Parker H Prednis L Ansari Y Choy N Deen H Geralt M Hazari N Hom E Karnes M Mulholland C Ndubaku R Schmidt I Guzman P Aguilar-Henonin L Schmid M Weigel D Carter DE Marchand T Risseeuw E Brogden D Zeko A Crosby WL Berry CC Ecker JR 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,301(5633):653-657
Over 225,000 independent Agrobacterium transferred DNA (T-DNA) insertion events in the genome of the reference plant Arabidopsis thaliana have been created that represent near saturation of the gene space. The precise locations were determined for more than 88,000 T-DNA insertions, which resulted in the identification of mutations in more than 21,700 of the approximately 29,454 predicted Arabidopsis genes. Genome-wide analysis of the distribution of integration events revealed the existence of a large integration site bias at both the chromosome and gene levels. Insertion mutations were identified in genes that are regulated in response to the plant hormone ethylene. 相似文献
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Bacteria use conjugation systems, a subfamily of the type IV secretion systems, to transfer DNA to recipient cells. Despite 50 years of research, the architecture and mechanism of action of the channel mediating DNA transfer across the bacterial cell envelope remains obscure. By use of a sensitive, quantifiable assay termed transfer DNA immunoprecipitation (TrIP), we identify contacts between a DNA substrate (T-DNA) and 6 of 12 components of the VirB/D4 conjugation system of the phytopathogen Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Our results define the translocation pathway for a DNA substrate through a bacterial conjugation machine, specifying the contributions of each subunit of the secretory apparatus to substrate passage. 相似文献
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新疆野生樱桃李抗根癌农杆菌与致瘤菌表达以及组织形态学观察 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
以新疆野生樱桃李实生群体为试材,通过接菌对其抗性进行鉴定,并对冠瘿瘤形成过程进行了观察,同时对抗病机理进行了初步探讨,结果显示:在对126棵新疆野生樱桃李抗根癌农杆菌的鉴定中,有25棵表现为高度抗病,约占鉴定总数的20%,说明新疆野生樱桃李是优良的抗根癌农杆菌种质资源。冠瘿瘤内部导管来源于寄主的木质部组织并先于筛管形成;冠瘿瘤形成早期对水分和养分的需求可能会大于同化产物。冠瘿瘤中存在有树状和球状2种结构维管束,树状维管束在冠瘿瘤不断扩大生长中发挥作用,而发育完成的冠瘿瘤主要以球状结构维管束行使运输功能。抗病植株中在侵染根癌农杆菌后玉米素核苷含量与对照差异不大,但感病植株在接菌18d时玉米素核苷含量显著增高;同时,ipt、iaaM和iaaH表达也明显高于抗病植株。说明ipt基因大量表达导致玉米素核苷含量在感病植株中快速上升,从而导致发病。 相似文献
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蓝莓根癌病发生调查及病原鉴定 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
对辽宁、吉林、山东及黑龙江省的部分蓝莓苗圃及生产园中蓝莓根癌病发生情况、症状特点及危害程度进行了调查,结果表明蓝莓根癌病多见于苗圃及酸度不适的生产园中.在上述地区采集到57份蓝莓冠瘿瘤和10份土壤样品,经过菌株分离、回接寄主后获得19株致病菌.通过菌落形态、菌体特征、生理生化及16SrDNA序列比对,确定蓝莓根癌病是由... 相似文献