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1.
小兴安岭落叶松人工纯林近自然化改造对林下植物多样性的影响 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
对18年生落叶松人工纯林采用不同大小的林隙间伐,辅以不同的整地措施进行近自然化改造,同时以相同强度的常规均匀间伐处理为对照,分析改造后第1年和第2年林下植物多样性的变化.结果表明:与对照相比,改造后第1年和第2年林下草本植物种数、密度、盖度、平均高和多样性指数(Simpson指数、Shannon-Wiener指数和Pielou均匀度指数)均有较大幅度增加,改造后第2年差异达到显著水平(均匀度指数除外)(P<0.05);近自然化改造林下草本植物优势种中喜湿植物明显增加;无论是改造后第1年还是改造后第2年,不同大小林隙处理间林下草本植物种数、密度、盖度、平均高和多样性指数均无显著差异(P>0.05);改造后第1年,经整地的大林隙、中林隙和小林隙林下草本植物密度、盖度和乎均高均显著高于不整地(P<0.05),第2年,整地措施对草本植物的影响效果下降;与对照相比,改造后第1年和第2年林下木本植物种数、密度、盖度、平均高和多样性指数均未发现显著差异(P>0.05).近自然化改造有利于林下草本植物的发育和草本植物多样性的提高,但对林下木本植物的影响还有待深入研究. 相似文献
2.
以杨桦次生林为研究对象,采用30-40%强度间伐和20%的中度间伐,以未间伐的林分为对照,研究比较了间伐后1年、2年和5年内的林下植物多样性的变化。结论如下:对于木本植物,间伐显著提高了林下木本植物的盖度(P0.05),其大小顺序为强度间伐中度间伐对照,在间伐后2年、5年差异均显著(P0.05)。对于林下草本植物,间伐显著提高了林下草本植物的种数,尤其在间伐后2年,中度间伐和强度间伐林下的木本植物种数、盖度、Simpson和Shannon多样性指数均显著高于对照(P0.05);但随着间伐时间的延续,中度间伐和强度间伐对草本植物的影响逐渐减弱,其中度间伐林下的植物种数、Simpson和Shannon多样性指数与对照之间未能发现显著差异(P0.05)。 相似文献
3.
在水曲柳、胡桃楸和黄菠萝次生林内,对选择的优良单株进行营养空间弱度、中度和强度调控后的林下和林隙内人工更新胡桃楸。试验表明,林龄2年,在强度和中度营养空间调控林下人工更新胡桃楸效果良好,树高增长25.0%、10.4%,冻害率低,冻害长度小;在林隙内人工更新胡桃楸,幼树生长、冻害与林隙面积关系密切,林隙70 m^2、50 m^2,胡桃楸幼树树高增长25.0%、22.7%,冻害率30.4%、6.7%,冻害长度10.1 cm、3.0 cm,人工更新胡桃楸林隙面积50 m^2左右较为适宜。 相似文献
4.
长白落叶松人工林不同林隙间伐对林下更新生长的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《林业科技》2016,(1)
以黑龙江省佳木斯市孟家岗林场长白落叶松为研究对象,采用3种林隙大小的间伐(5 m×5 m,7 m×7 m,10 m×10 m),在采伐区域用5个树种(柞树、红松、胡桃楸、云杉和水曲柳)进行人工更新,研究更新幼树的成活率、苗高、苗高生长量及地径的生长情况,试验结果表明:不同林隙大小对各更新树种苗木的生长有显著影响,10 m×10 m的林隙间伐更能促进林下更新的生长。 相似文献
5.
采用样线法调查研究区内林隙分布,共获得36个林隙,大小不同林隙内植物种类组成表现出一定差异,大林隙(300~400m2)乔木树种18种,灌木、草本植物28种;小林隙(<100m2)乔木树种13种,中林隙(100~200m2)11种,两者灌木及草本植物均21种。大、中林隙内乔木树种以江南桤木居多,小林隙中暖木和甜槠占优势;3个林隙中灌木均以青栲幼苗占绝对优势,表明青栲将有可能进入林冠层而逐渐成为优势树种。林隙内乔木树种种数、丰富度指数均大于非林隙,均匀度小于非林隙;灌木、草本植物具有同样规律。乔木树种物种多样性以大林隙最高、中林隙最低;不同面积林隙SW多样性指数、均匀度指数依次为:大林隙>中林隙>小林隙;生态优势度为:中林隙>大林隙>小林隙。灌木、草本植物物种数、丰富度指数表现出300~400m2面积的大林隙内达最大值,并随林隙面积的减小而减小,灌、草层植物多样性最大值也出现在大林隙中;生态优势度指数中林隙最大,小林隙最小。 相似文献
6.
为了提高长白落叶松-红松林的生产力和生物多样性,2005年秋对长白落叶松人工林进行疏伐,伐后林冠下栽植4年生红松。2012年秋又对上层长白落叶松进行生长伐,设计轻度、中度和强度3种间伐强度和1组未间伐林分(对照),分析5年后不同间伐强度对林下植物多样性和土壤理化性质的影响。结果表明:①抚育间伐能提高林下植物多样性,林下灌木层植物丰富度随着间伐强度的增加而增加,轻度、中度和强度间伐差异显著(p<0.05)。林下灌木层植物多样性指数随着间伐强度的增加而增加,对照与中度间伐、强度间伐差异显著(p<0.05),但中度间伐和强度间伐差异不显著。林下草本层植物的丰富度和多样性指数随着间伐强度的增加而增加,各间伐强度均与对照差异显著(p<0.05),但轻度间伐和中度间伐差异不显著。②适度抚育间伐能改善土壤的理化性质,随着间伐强度的增加,土壤容重有所降低,土壤孔隙度和持水量有所提高;土壤pH值呈现先升高后略有降低的趋势,全K、速效K、全P、速效P、全N、速效N含量先升高后略有降低,其中中度间伐效果最好。综合考虑,对长白落叶松林分进行中度间伐较为适宜。 相似文献
7.
杉木闽粤栲异龄复层林林木生长状况及土壤理化性质研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以杉木林下栽植的闽粤栲更新林为研究对象,以杉木纯林、闽粤栲纯林为对照,对异龄复层林的林分结构、林木生长、生物量、土壤理化性质、林分物种多样性等进行调查分析。结果表明:在间伐后的杉木纯林林下栽植闽粤栲,可提高闽粤栲栽植成活率,杉木间伐保留最佳密度为600株/hm^2,林下栽植闽粤栲合理密度为1 200株/hm^2。异龄复层混交林中杉木与闽粤栲均生长良好,杉木平均树高和胸径比对照分别提高了23.8%和30.0%,林分土壤肥力提高19.05%。杉木林下栽植闽粤栲异龄复层混交林更新技术,可为培育针阔异龄复层林和南方杉木纯林的改造与经营管理提供理论依据。 相似文献
8.
不同强度间伐对长白山天然林林下植物多样性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对吉林森工集团松江河林业局辖区内的阔叶红松林、杂木林和杨桦林采取30%～40%（T1）、20%（T2）株数强度的均匀间伐处理,以不间伐处理为对照（CK）,对间伐2 a后林下植物木本、草本植物进行调查,采用Simpson、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数和Pielou均匀度指数进行植物多样性分析,探讨不同强度间伐对3个林型林下植物多样性的影响。研究结果表明：T1间伐后3个林型的物种丰富度均有增加（杂木林木本植物例外）,T2间伐后杨桦林木本植物丰富度降低,草本植物丰富度增加。两种间伐处理均增加阔叶红松林木本植物多样性,T1处理尤为明显。T1处理增加杂木林和杨桦林木本植物多样性,而T2间伐处理有较弱的降低作用。两种间伐处理均降低阔叶红松林和杂木林草本植物多样性,与强度无明显关系。随着间伐强度的增加杨桦林草本植物多样性增大。在长白山天然林中,较大间伐强度T1（30%～40%）能够有效提高植物多样性。 相似文献
9.
对长白落叶松与水曲柳二代林栽培技术的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
多年来长白落叶松(Larix gmelini)人工林的二代林更新是林区营林工作面临的一个大问题,由于落叶松人工纯林的种种弊端,特别是林地酸化和肥力的减退,引起了人们关注。通过试验证明了对长白落叶松间伐第一次后,可以直接营造水曲柳二代林,通过第二次间伐可以保证二代林的正常生长发育。 相似文献
10.
间伐对华北落叶松人工林林下植被的短期影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
为了解抚育间伐对华北落叶松纯林林下植被的影响,对河北省木兰林管局600,900,1 200,1 500株/hm2共4种不同密度华北落叶松人工林林下植被进行了调查。结果表明,华北落叶松人工林林下植被物种丰富度,平均高度、平均盖度、平均密度、植物多样性指数随着保留密度的增大而减小,且密度600株/hm2和900株/hm2落叶松林下植被的各项指标都相接近,与其它2种密度林下植被相差较大;较小密度之间的林下植被物种组成相似程度较大,较大密度和较小密度落叶松之间林下植被物种组成差异较大;40 a生左右、平均高为11m、密度为1 500株/hm2的华北落叶松间伐保留密度为900株/hm2较为合理。 相似文献
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12.
The impact of natural disturbances on the canopy (trees ≥14 m high) and sapling stratum (>0.3 and ≤14 m high) composition was studied in nemoral old-growth forests located within the southern boreal zone in Central Russia (Central Forest Reserve, 32°29′–33°01′E, 56°26′–56°31′N). I hypothesized that the current disturbance regime does not allow the maintenance of current spruce abundance in the canopy, and, as a result, there is a continuous shift in the canopy composition towards a greater abundance of deciduous species. Three 300×20 m2 transects were established to estimate the proportions of stand under non-closed unexpanded canopy gaps. Data on sapling composition of 49 canopy gaps were used to analyze pattern of gap refuting in these forests. Additionally, data from three forest inventories showed changes in canopy composition over a period from 1972 to 1990.
The current status of nemoral forests is characterized by the high proportion of stand area under treefall gaps (71%). The loss of spruce from the canopy caused by treefalls (53% of the total basal area of gap-makers) was slightly greater than its canopy abundance (45%). Canopy gaps of all sizes encouraged spruce regeneration which might be due to a decrease in sapling mortality and/or more active recruitment of spruce seedlings. After a gap was formed, the presence of spruce in sapling strata increased. However, within both small (<200 m2 in size) and large (>200 m2) gaps, tall (>6 m) spruce saplings did not reach the level of its abundance in the tree canopy. In gaps, tall (>6 m) saplings of lime (Tilia cordata) and elm (Ulmus glabra) grew more quickly than those of spruce and maple. These data suggested a decrease in canopy spruce and an increase in deciduous species in the near future which supported the original hypothesis. Analysis of forest inventory records revealed similar changes in the canopy structure over the past two decades. However, the observed high proportion of stand area under gaps implies that for the next few decades large areas of nemoral communities will be occupied by relatively young stands. This may, in turn, decrease the frequency of large-scale treefalls revegetated mainly by deciduous saplings. 相似文献
13.
Tree regeneration in gap-understory mosaics in a subtropical Shorea robusta(Sal) forest 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《林业研究》2019,(6)
Spatial variation in tree-regeneration density is attributed to the specialization of tree species to light availability for germination and growth. Light availability,in turn, varies across the gap-understorey mosaic. Canopy gaps provide an important habitat for the regeneration of tree species that would otherwise be suppressed in the understory. In subtropical forests, there is still a knowledge-gap relating to how canopy disturbances influence tree-regeneration patterns at local scale, and if they disproportionately favor regeneration of certain species. We aim to analyze whether canopy gaps promote tree regeneration, and tree species are specialized to gaps or understory for germination and growth. We sampled vegetation in 128 plots(0.01 ha), equally distributed in gaps and below canopy, in two subtropical Shorea robusta Gaertn.(Sal) forests in Nepal, recording the number of tree seedlings and saplings in each plot. We compared the regeneration density of seedlings and saplings separately between gaps and the understorey. The mean densities of seedlings and saplings were higher in the gaps at both sites;although there was no difference in the seedling density of the majority of the species between the habitats. No species were confined to either gap or understorey at the seedling stage. We conclude that gaps are not critical for the germination of tree species in Sal forests but these are an important habitat for enabling seedlings to survive into saplings. The classification of trees into regeneration guilds mainly based on germination does not apply to the majority of tree species in subtropical Sal forests. Our results reaffirm that gap creation promotes tree regeneration by favouring seedling survival and growth and can influence forest management for conservation, as well as for plantations. 相似文献
14.
Early performance of two dipterocarp species Anisoptera marginata and Shorea parvifolia, and a long-living pioneer species Peronema canescens (Verbenaceae) planted in artificial gaps (size 260 m2) and surrounding untreated stands was studied in a fast-growing plantation of Acacia mangium on an Imperata cylindrica grassland site in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Forty seedlings of each species were planted at one-meter intervals in lines across each of the five gaps, starting and ending under closed stand. Survival, height and diameter (d0.05) increments were measured, and the effect of gap opening on the composition and abundance of understorey vegetation (grass, shrub and native tree seedlings and saplings) was studied. 19 months after planting, average survival rates were 97% for A. marginata, 94% for P. canescens and 71% for S. parvifolia, with no statistical differences between gap and closed stand. Substantial mortality and damage of dipterocarps were caused by wild boars; minor damage by dieback (for S. parvifolia) and insect pests (for A. marginata). Early growth was clearly influenced by distance from gap centre and light conditions; the growth of seedlings was greater the nearer the seedlings were situated to centre and the higher the level of daily photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) was. Gap opening increased the growth of shrub species Chromolaena odorata, but not that of Imperata grass. It also increased the density and height growth of saplings of native pioneer and secondary tree species. Seedling density increased both in closed stand and actual gaps, but was higher inside gaps.Results indicate good prospects for diversifying the composition of fast-growing forest plantations on severely degraded former forest lands and integrating slow-growing valuable species in plantation programs. Both in-depth ecophysiological studies on species-specific growth requirements, and practical oriented research on silvicultural options and economics need further studies. 相似文献
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16.
Yasuhiro Kubota 《Journal of Forest Research》2006,11(3):191-201
This article reports the regeneration dynamics of a temperate Abies–Tsuga forest in Kirishima Yaku National Park, southwestern Japan, and examines the influence of species coexistence mediated by
gap disturbances on biomass production. All trees taller than 2 m in a 1-ha plot were monitored over four growing seasons.
Three growth-form groups occupied different vertical layers. Evergreen conifers and deciduous broad-leaved trees tended to
be spatially segregated from evergreen broad-leaved trees, which formed thickets in the understorey. The regeneration of understorey
evergreen broad-leaved trees was affected by canopy gaps. The recruitment of conifers and deciduous broad-leaved species was
not observed during the four growing seasons. This suggests that regeneration is sporadic and the present environmental conditions
are not favorable for these canopy species. The mortality and unsuccessful recruitment of conifers and deciduous trees appeared
to cause fluctuations in the productivity of the stand. However, an abundance of canopy gaps accelerates the regrowth of shorter
species, and the fluctuation of productivity resulting from the population dynamics of canopy species would be partly mitigated
by the regeneration of evergreen understorey species. The horizontal and vertical heterogeneity of the temperate mixed forest
was a result of the patch structures of the three growth-form groups. The different regeneration patterns among the three
groups, which were driven by interactions of species-specific regeneration niches and disturbance regimes, might be an important
factor in maintaining the aboveground productivity in a transitional mixed forest between warm-temperate and cool-temperate
zones. 相似文献
17.
沼泽地人工落叶松林采伐迹地更新试验结果表明：人工落叶松林采伐迹地更新的水曲柳、云杉的生长量,成活率,保存率与山地更新的水曲柳、云杉林无显著差异。沼泽地人工落叶松林更新的四个树种的3 a保存率均大于80%以上,全部达到合格标准。林龄5 a时,白桦、毛赤杨生长稳定,并且郁闭成林。林龄20 a时,白桦平均高达11.5 m,胸径达11.6 cm;毛赤杨平均高达11.5 m,胸径达13.1 cm;水曲柳平均高达10.5 m,胸径达10.5 cm;云杉平均高达9.5 m,胸径达12.0 cm。 相似文献
18.
本文通过对抚宁县、卢龙县境内的天然次生油松林的调查研究指出,由于近年来不合理的反复择伐和整枝,多数Ⅰ～Ⅱ龄级的油松林已成为径级小、干形不良和庇护土壤能力极低的稀疏林分。有纯林也有混交林,有同龄林也有异龄林。林内有油松和栎树的天然更新幼树。文中论述了用油松林疏伐保留株数标准控制油松林密度问题,并制定了合理整枝标准;特别强调对油松林应采取封山育林措施,促进油松的天然更新,变疏林为密林。 相似文献
19.
Antonio García-Abril Susana Martin-Fernández M. Angeles Grande Jose A. Manzanera 《Annals of Forest Science》2007,64(8):825-830
The relationship between competition and tree growth was studied in four stands of Pinus sylvestris L. occurring in a continental Mediterranean mountain area (in the Guadarrama range, Spain), i.e., an uneven-aged stand, a stand with oak (Quercus pyrenaica Willd.) understorey, a plantation, and a mature even-aged stand. Competition was measured by a simple size-ratio distance-independent index and was negatively associated with tree diameter. This negative association was stronger in the uneven-aged, plantation and mature even-aged stands than in the stand with oak understorey. Competition was also negatively associated with current diameter increment. This relationship was moderately strong in the mature even-aged stand and weak in the uneven-aged stand and the plantation. In the uneven-aged and the mature even-aged stands, a weakly significant relationship was found between diameter growth and tree size, whereas these parameters were not associated in the stand with oak understorey. The competition index provided a better prediction of growth rate than the alternative use of diameter. Both diameter and basal area growth were greater in the uneven-aged than in the even-aged stands. 相似文献