共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 937 毫秒
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代谢组学在植物逆境胁迫研究中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
代谢组学是继基因组学、转录组学、蛋白质组学之后新兴的一门交叉学科, 是系统生物学的一个重要分支, 近年来在研究植物逆境胁迫方面得到了广泛的应用。文中介绍了代谢组学的检测技术、数据处理及分析方法, 概述了其在植物逆境胁迫下的研究概况, 包括温度、盐分、干旱、病原菌和其他逆境, 以及多种逆境综合胁迫等, 展望了代谢组学的发展前景; 利用代谢组学分析植物在逆境条件下代谢物的变化, 推测应答胁迫植物对代谢途径的调整, 可为研究植物耐受性和适应逆境机理提供分析方法。 相似文献
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植物适应逆境胁迫研究进展 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
低温、干旱、土地盐碱化是影响植物生长发育的主要逆境胁迫因子。植物在逆境胁迫下的生理生化变化以及对逆境适应能力的研究是近年来研究的热点。探索如何将逆境胁迫对植物的伤害降到最低以及如何提高植物的适应性已成为研究需要解决的关键问题。研究植物的抗寒性、抗旱性、抗盐性机理,提高其耐受性,对于生态环境保护和建设具有重要意义。文中分别综述了低温胁迫、干旱胁迫、盐胁迫对植物的危害,植物耐寒性、耐旱性、耐盐性的生理生化机制,以及提高植物耐寒性、耐旱性、耐盐性的途径,展望了植物适应逆境胁迫的研究方向,以期为抗逆性植物种质的筛选和育种提供参考。 相似文献
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正DNA甲基化是植物基因组中普遍存在的一种的重要表观遗传学机制,对植物生长发育及进化起着重要的调节作用[1-2]。植物体DNA甲基化的建立和维持受多个基因的协同调控,其中MET1(DN-MT1-like METHYLTRANSFERASE 1 gene)是在植物中最早分离出来的甲基化相关基因,编码DNA甲基化转移酶1(MET1,Methytransferase1),该酶主要负责保持CG位点的甲基化,通过DNA甲基化作用影 相似文献
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群体遗传结构的理解 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
一个植物种群体的空间分布大致可划分为两类 :离散分布与连续分布。然而隐藏在这种表观物理分布内部的遗传变异是十分复杂的。这种变异是如何分布的呢 ?这种分布又是如何维持的呢 ?因此 ,认识一个种的群体遗传结构有助于我们理解该种的进化过程 ,并提供为遗传资源保护做出决策的重要信息。本文对三大经典遗传结构模型 (岛屿模型、步石模型及距离隔离模型 )与渐变群理论及它们的异体和发展进行了详细的分析和评述。目前获得的许多不同类型的遗传标记使这些理论的应用得到不同程度的实现 ,但由于这些理论结论涉及到许多假设 ,在实际应用时应十分慎重。作者认为许多已建立的适合于动物群体遗传结构理论不能简单地直接应用于植物群体上 ,今后一个重要的研究内容就是要建立适合于植物群体的遗传结构理论 相似文献
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低磷胁迫条件下,植物将以一系列形态、生理、生化和遗传机制主动适应胁迫环境,包括根系对生长环境中难溶性磷的活化,有效吸收、运转、分配及再利用等.植物通过改变对养分的需求以维持自身代谢和改变根系形态、生理机能来增强自身活化和吸收养分的强度[1].具有较高的磷素吸收能力是植物耐低磷胁迫的基础[2],研究低磷胁迫条件下植物的生理生化特性对揭示耐低磷机理具有重要意义.以往在农作物方面有过一些研究[3～6],但在林木方面研究不多.本试验以不同磷效率的马褂木(Liriodendron chinense (Hemsl.)Sarg.)6个种源为材料,试图研究低磷营养胁迫下马褂木种源在膜脂过氧化、可溶性蛋白含量、叶绿素含量及酸性磷酸酶活性等方面的差异及与磷效率的关系,为优良耐低磷马褂木种源的选育提供理论依据. 相似文献
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《林业研究》2017,(4)
DNA methylation, an epigenetic mechanism used by cells to control gene expression, has an important biological role in plant development and environmental fitness. Since plant DNA methylation is closely related to environmental conditions, variation during the day is expected. Here, in genetically identical plants of Populus nigra clone N46, DNA methylation changes in leaves over a 24 h period were detected using the methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism method. The results showed different DNA methylation patterns in mature poplar leaves: not only in individuals at the same time, but also in samples at each of the six time during the day. In addition,night samples had a higher percentage of methylation than in morning samples. However, no statistically significant differences were found among the samples gathered at different times. Similar results were obtained for three other P. nigra clones with different genetic backgrounds.Real time q PCR showed that the DNA methyltransferase genes Pt-MET1 and Pt-SOM1 involved in CG DNA methylation in poplar were stable over a 24 h period in leaves of P. nigra N46 compared with circadian-controlled genes. That could be part of the reason that methylation of CCGG sites is stable in those leaves. That DNA methylation differed even in genetically identical plants indicates the specificity of DNA methylation changes in their genomes. No statistically significant differences in methylation changes were found between day and night, suggesting that DNA methylation is more stable than expected and is unlikely to be involved in circadian regulation in plants. 相似文献
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Shu Diao Yanbo Wang Changjun Ding Yingying Chang Lixiong Liang Yanan Gao Bingyu Zhang Xiaohua Su 《林业研究》2017,28(4):653-660
DNA methylation, an epigenetic mechanism used by cells to control gene expression, has an important biological role in plant development and environmental fitness. Since plant DNA methylation is closely related to environmental conditions, variation during the day is expected. Here, in genetically identical plants of Populus nigra clone N46, DNA methylation changes in leaves over a 24 h period were detected using the methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism method. The results showed different DNA methylation patterns in mature poplar leaves: not only in individuals at the same time, but also in samples at each of the six time during the day. In addition, night samples had a higher percentage of methylation than in morning samples. However, no statistically significant differences were found among the samples gathered at different times. Similar results were obtained for three other P. nigra clones with different genetic backgrounds. Real time qPCR showed that the DNA methyltransferase genes Pt-MET1 and Pt-SOM1 involved in CG DNA methylation in poplar were stable over a 24 h period in leaves of P. nigra N46 compared with circadian-controlled genes. That could be part of the reason that methylation of CCGG sites is stable in those leaves. That DNA methylation differed even in genetically identical plants indicates the specificity of DNA methylation changes in their genomes. No statistically significant differences in methylation changes were found between day and night, suggesting that DNA methylation is more stable than expected and is unlikely to be involved in circadian regulation in plants. 相似文献
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Delphine Gourcilleau Marie-Béatrice Bogeat-Triboulot Didier Le Thiec Clément Lafon-Placette Alain Delaunay Walid Abu El-Soud Franck Brignolas Stéphane Maury 《Annals of Forest Science》2010,67(2):208-208
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In animals, DNA methylation is related to gene silencing during ontogenic development. Little is known about DNA methylation in plants, although occasional changes in the DNA methylation state of specific gene promoters have been reported in angiosperms during some developmental processes. We found large differences in the extent of DNA methylation between meristematic areas of juvenile and mature Pinus radiata D. Don. trees, whereas differences in the extent of DNA methylation between differentiated tissues of juvenile and mature trees were small. In meristematic areas, there was a gradual decrease in extent of DNA methylation as the degree of reinvigoration increased. The observed changes in extent of DNA methylation during aging and reinvigoration indicate that reinvigoration could be a consequence of epigenetic modifications opposite in direction to those that occur during aging. 相似文献
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体细胞胚胎发生作为生物技术在林木育种、繁殖和保护策略中得到了广泛应用。DNA甲基化在林木体细胞胚胎发生过程中起着至关重要的作用,它是一种与转录沉默相关的表观遗传修饰,是控制基因表达的关键因素。开展基于DNA甲基化的林木体细胞胚胎发生研究对于调控体胚发生、林木改良和种质资源建设等具有重要意义。文中从林木体胚发生过程中的DNA甲基化水平与模式变化情况、DNA甲基化与体胚影响因素之间的关联、去甲基化剂（5-氮杂胞苷）如何调控林木体胚发育及DNA甲基化如何调控相关基因转录、基因表达等方面进行综述,对目前研究中存在的问题进行分析,并展望了未来的研究内容和方向。 相似文献
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《林业研究》2020,31(5)
DNA methylation is widespread in plants and associated with plant development and defense mechanisms. However, the relationship between DNA methylation and plant secondary metabolism has rarely been reported. Here, when birch suspension cells were treated with 5-azacytidine(5-azaC), which blocks DNA methylation, triterpenoid accumulation was significantly promoted and antioxidant and defense enzymatic activity changed.For studying triterpenoid accumulation, 0.1 m M aza C was optimal. A qRT-PCR assay revealed increased expression of genes encoding key triterpenoid biosynthetic enzymes.Evaluation of methylation polymorphisms at CCGG sites showed that the methylation level was lower in cells treated with 5-azaC. These results demonstrated that 5-aza C treatment led to an increase in the production of triterpenoids in cell cultures through a mechanism that involved in DNA methylation, which resulted in the induction of genes encoding the key enzymes. The study providesevidence of a relationship between DNA methylation and regulation of secondary metabolism. 相似文献
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植物抗寒性的生理生态学机制研究进展 总被引：31，自引：1，他引：31
综述植物在冷驯化过程中发生的一系列生理生化变化.环境对植物抗寒性的影响主要与光诱导、温湿度以及气候的变化有关.植物表面形成冰层会引起植物的无氧呼吸,导致植物受害;光抑制诱导活性氧的产生,从而导致植物光合系统的退化,抗寒能力下降,而短日照诱导植物休眠,有利于植物抗寒.光敏色素则被认为是启动冷驯化的光受体;植物通过冷驯化增加碳水化合物的积累及病原体相关蛋白的合成,以增强对低温病原体的抵抗能力;气候的变化使植物遭受了更大的冷伤害风险.微管最初遇冷时部分的解体可以有效诱导植物抗寒性;抗氧化酶活性增强,植物体内糖、脯氨酸、多胺等内含物含量上升.植物休眠状态中的生理变化(种子的休眠、芽的休眠)与ABA敏感性的差异有关.对植物抗寒性分子机制的研究表明:COR基因的表达对于植物抗寒性和冷驯化是十分关键的;与气候梯度有关的基因梯度的分布说明寒冷地区的树种更为抗寒;多表型性状的数量性状分析,为重要的农艺性状标记辅助选择(MAS)提供基础.对植物抗寒过程中的信号转导进行研究发现,Ca2 是低温下参与调节冷驯化应答机制中信号转导途径的重要的第二信使.未来植物抗寒领域的研究热点为信号转导和基因调节,低温抗性的遗传学和遗传应用及代谢组学,气候变化对于植物抗寒的影响等方面. 相似文献
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多胺在植物抗逆中的生理机制 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
多胺（PAs）是一类低分子量、聚阳离子、脂肪族含氮物质,是植物对逆境响应的重要物质。国内外众多研究表明,在逆境胁迫下,植物体内不同类型的PAs,例如腐胺（Put）、亚精胺（Spd）、精胺（Spm）的含量会发生变化,外源PAs会对植物的抗逆性产生不同的影响。但多胺的研究对象多集中在农作物,对木本植物的研究较少。PAs对植物抗逆的作用机制较为复杂,不同种类的多胺对植物的抗逆影响不同,PAs的代谢与参与逆境胁迫的其他代谢密切相关。文中主要综述PAs在植物抗干旱、低氧、高温、低温、盐、重金属过程中的变化及生理作用机制,以期为开展PAs与抗逆林木研究、栽培与抗逆育种研究提供参考。 相似文献