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1.
贮藏温度和时间对马尾松花粉保护酶活性及萌发率的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究室温,4,-10和-20℃4种贮藏温度和0,72,144,216,286和358天6种贮藏时间对马尾松花粉萌发率及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性的影响。结果表明:马尾松花粉的最佳贮藏条件为:室温72天,4℃216天,-10℃和-20℃286天,此时的花粉保持较高的萌发率和较强的抗氧化抗衰老能力;在贮藏过程中,3种酶出现最高峰值前后花粉萌发率出现大幅度下降;不同贮藏温度下,3种保护酶的作用不同,室温和4℃贮藏温度下,CAT为敏感型保护酶,SOD和POD为非敏感型保护酶;-10和-20℃贮藏温度下,POD为敏感型保护酶,SOD和CAT为非敏感型保护酶。 相似文献
2.
《林业科学》2021,(2)
【目的】明确大花黄牡丹花粉萌发准确测定的方案,比较不同贮存条件和处理温度对花粉寿命的影响,确定花粉短期、中期、长期贮存的适宜温度,阐明不同温度下花粉程序性死亡的生理原因,为杂交育种、种质资源保存提供试验及理论依据。【方法】以西藏特有的大花黄牡丹花粉为材料,采用扫描电镜(SEM)观察分析花粉的形态,利用离体培养法研究花粉的萌发特性,并探讨不同贮存温度对花粉寿命,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性,及丙二醛(MDA)和抗坏血酸(AsA)含量的影响。【结果】大花黄牡丹自然环境下花粉饱满率高,畸形率仅为5.6%,具有较强的有性生殖能力;影响大花黄牡丹花粉萌发的因子依次为蔗糖硼酸CaCl_2GA_3;室温下贮存花粉寿命仅为24天,4℃下花粉寿命80天左右,-20℃花粉寿命为120～184天,-80℃下花粉的寿命超过1年,-196℃花粉贮存1年后萌发率无显著变化;花粉保护酶、丙二醛含量、AsA含量剧烈变化前后花粉萌发率出现快速下降,-196℃贮存期间,SOD、CAT、POD、AsA含量保持稳定,清除活性氧能力较强,无细胞凋亡现象发生;相关分析结果显示,SOD活性是贮存期间影响大花黄牡丹花粉寿命的最主要生理因子,膜质过氧化是导致花粉死亡的主要生理因素;室温下POD为敏感性保护酶,4℃下SOD、CAT是敏感性保护酶,-20℃、-80℃下,SOD为敏感性保护酶; 3种保护酶活性及AsA含量对花粉萌发率的影响次序为SODCATAsA含量POD。【结论】大花黄牡丹花粉饱满率与萌发率具有相关性;适宜大花黄牡丹花粉萌发率检测的培养基为120 g·L~(-1)蔗糖+45 mg·L~(-1)硼酸+55 mg·L~(-1)GA_3+30 mg·L~(-1)CaCl_2,花粉萌发率达92.10%;室温适合大花黄牡丹花粉24天以内的短期贮存,4℃、-20℃适合杂交时间间隔在80～120天花粉的中期贮存,-80℃适合花粉的跨年贮存,-196℃适宜花粉的长期贮存;-196℃下贮存后花粉细胞内代谢处于平衡状态,细胞膜系统稳定是花粉保持高萌发率的生理响应;花粉在室温、4℃、-20℃、-80℃下贮存后,活性氧、自由基过度积累造成的细胞膜质过氧化、损伤是花粉萌发率降低的主要原因。 相似文献
3.
以江西吉水种源的白花树花粉为研究材料,进行了扫描电子显微镜下的花粉形态结构观察以及采用离体培养基法、I2-KI和TTC染色等花粉生活力测定方法的比较研究,探讨了不同贮藏条件对花粉萌发的影响。研究结果表明:白花树花粉粒为长球型,具3孔沟,外壁面具细网状纹饰;花粉平均极轴长52.33±0.577μm,平均赤道轴长26.89±0.502μm;3种花粉生活力测定方法中以离体培养基法最有效,花粉萌发的最佳组合为:10%蔗糖+0.05 g·L-1硼酸+100 mg·L-1GA3+3 h;花粉最佳贮藏条件为-80℃密封保存,贮藏180 d后花粉的萌发率仍可达40.97%。 相似文献
4.
《辽宁林业科技》2021,(3)
花粉生活力对油松杂交育种至关重要。为筛选油松花粉离体萌发培养基,探讨不同温度贮藏下花粉的生活力,采用正交试验设计,研究不同水平蔗糖、硼酸和pH值对油松花粉离体萌发的影响;测定不同温度贮藏下油松花粉萌发率随时间的动态变化。结果表明:油松新鲜花粉在蔗糖100 g·L~(-1)、硼酸0.10 g·L~(-1)、琼脂8 g·L~(-1)、pH值6.5的培养基上萌发效果最好,萌发率高达93.12%。不同贮藏温度下油松花粉生活力存在明显差异,-80℃贮藏15 d和30 d的花粉萌发率分别为92.93%和91.27%,萌发率下降不显著;-20℃和4℃贮藏15 d,花粉萌发率下降不显著,但贮藏30 d的花粉萌发率与初始萌发率相比均极显著下降,萌发率分别为88.65%和86.84%;常温25℃贮藏15 d、30 d的花粉萌发率分别为90.27%、82.66%,与初始萌发率均达到极显著差异;由此可见,贮藏温度越低,越有利于花粉生活力的保持。此研究可为油松花粉生活力检测提供一种可靠方法,并为花粉贮藏提供参考依据。 相似文献
5.
6.
《林业科学》2016,(8)
【目的】对辽宁杨雄花序及花粉萌发过程进行观测与分析,为更好地利用辽宁杨进行良种选育提供依据。【方法】以辽宁杨雄花序为对象,通过花枝水培、花粉体外萌发和花粉贮藏等手段,借助模式图绘制、图表解析等方法,系统研究辽宁杨雄花序发育及散粉规律、花粉体外萌发规律,并探讨不同贮藏条件对花粉萌发及花粉管生长的影响。【结果】1)辽宁杨雄花序从花芽膨大到散粉可分为花蕾期、伸展期、盛花期和开花末期4个阶段,历时12天,花药大多数于第4阶段成熟,此时轻微触动即可导致花粉从花药散落。2)花粉体外萌发的适宜条件为210 g·L-1蔗糖+30 mg·L-1H3BO3+10 mg·L-1Ca Cl2,21℃,其萌发率最高,达到58.57%;150 g·L-1蔗糖+40 mg·L-1H3BO3+10 mg·L-1Ca Cl2,23℃组合中的花粉管最长,达到753.20μm。蔗糖、H3BO3、Ca Cl2、温度对辽宁杨花粉萌发及花粉管生长影响均达到显著水平(P0.05)。3)暗培养7 h时,花粉管不再伸长。4)-20℃下贮藏的花粉,其萌发率高于另外2个温度条件下的萌发率,且贮藏温度越低花粉管越长;同一贮藏温度下,花粉萌发率随贮藏时间的延长而降低,花粉管随贮藏时间的延长而变短。【结论】为避免花粉损失,花粉的采集应考虑在雄花序发育的第3阶段进行;对花粉管长度和花粉萌发率的统计分析表明二者不存在相关关系;贮藏温度越低,花粉生活力降低的速度越慢,花粉管萌发到相同长度所需的时间越短;与新鲜花粉相比,若是利用贮藏的花粉进行杂交试验,为保证授粉效果,此时的授粉次数应增加而授粉的时间间隔应延长。 相似文献
7.
以聚石斛花粉为试材,研究了其花粉生活力的检测方法及贮藏方法。结果表明:(1)检测聚石斛花粉萌发适宜的培养基为100 g·L-1蔗糖+100 mg·L-1H3BO3+80 mg·L-1Ca Cl2,TTC染色法不适用于聚石斛花粉生活力的检测;(2)聚石斛开花第0 8天的花粉生活力高于65%,作为父本,授粉结实率高于85%,显著高于蕾期和衰败期。(3)不同贮藏方法对聚石斛花粉生活力的影响较大,4℃冷藏干燥贮藏80 d后,花粉生活力下降为0,而4℃冷藏湿润贮藏、-20℃冷冻湿润贮藏和干燥贮藏90 d后,花粉生活力分别为1.4%、21.7%、6.4%。经-20℃冷冻湿润贮藏90 d后的花粉经杂交授粉后仍然能够正常结实,其他处理的结实率明显降低。 相似文献
8.
9.
小黑杨花粉离体萌发和细胞学分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用花粉离体培养法,研究不同的液体培养基组分、温度、pH值对小黑杨花粉萌发的影响。结果表明:在单因子试验中,蔗糖、H3BO3和CaCl2在一定的浓度范围内对小黑杨花粉萌发及花粉管生长起促进作用,但超过一定浓度时则起抑制作用,温度和pH值也是如此。在正交试验中,蔗糖、H3BO3、CaCl2、温度和pH值对小黑杨花粉萌发均有极显著的影响,小黑杨花粉萌发最适的培养基为150g·L-1蔗糖+20mg·L-1H3BO3+40mg·L-1CaCl2,在21℃和pH6.0条件下,花粉的萌发率可以达到46.23%,花粉管生长状态良好。细胞学观察结果表明:小黑杨成熟花粉为2-细胞型,随着培养时间的延长,花粉萌发率逐渐提高,花粉管不断伸长。 相似文献
10.
7种油茶花粉数量及花粉萌发率的测定 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
以普通油茶、红皮糙果茶、博白大果、茶梨、越南油茶、大花红山茶和攸县油茶的花粉为材料,研究了花药内花粉数量和花粉离体培养萌发率.结果表明:7种油茶的单花药花粉平均数量分别为2 498、3 503.7、9 441.3、3 331.3、8 397.7、3 985.7、3 141.3粒,普通油茶、红皮糙果茶、博白大果和茶梨的花粉在10 g·L-1琼脂+0.1 g·L-1硼酸+100 g·L-1蔗糖的培养基上萌发率最高,萌发率分别为59.4%、56.3%、92.7%、95.3%;越南油茶、大花红山茶和攸县油茶的花粉在10 g·L-1琼脂+0.1 g·L-1硼酸+50 g·L-1蔗糖的培养基上萌发率最高,萌发率分别为39.6%、62.1%、72.1%. 相似文献
11.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
12.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
13.
Contour hedgerows of multipurpose tree species in the sloping tea lands of Sri Lanka are expected to reduce soil erosion and
also add significant amounts of plant nutrients to the soil via periodic prunings. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the biomass decomposition pattern and quantify the
amount of nutrients added through prunings of six tree species (Calliandra calothyrsus, Senna spectabilis, Euphatorium innulifolium, Flemingia congesta, Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia) currently being used in hedgerows associated with tea. Withered leaf and stem prunings (50 g) were enclosed in 2-mm litter
bags, placed at 5-cm depth and retrieved after one, three, six, nine and 12 weeks. Loss of initial dry weight, N, P and K
was measured. Single exponential decay function adequately described both dry weight and nutrient loss. Tree species differed
significantly in their rate of breakdown with decomposition constants (k) varying from 0.0299 to 0.2006 week−1 for leaves and from 0.0225 to 0.0633 week−1 for stems. Gliricidia showed the highest k for leaves with the rest in the following descending order: Senna > Tithonia ≥ Euphatorium > Calliandra > Flemingia. A similar pattern was observed for loss of all nutrients with Calliandra and Flemingia always having lower k values than the rest. Although N immobilization was not observed, immobilization of P and K was observed
during the first week of incubation in some species, particularly in stem prunings. Annual biomass of prunings differed significantly
between tree species in the following descending order: Calliandra > Senna > Flemingia > Tithonia > Gliricidia > Euphatorium. Calliandra added the greatest amount of nutrients annually to the soil with Euphatorium adding the least. Calliandra prunings provided the annual total K requirement and 49% of the N requirement of mature tea. However, none of the species
provided more than 5% of the P requirement. It is concluded that among the tree species tested, Calliandra and Flemingia are the most suitable for contour hedgerows in tea plantations of this agroclimatic region because of their higher soil nutrient
enrichment capacity and slower decomposition rates which would minimize leaching losses.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
14.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
15.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
16.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
17.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):118-130
The effects of seed weight and seed type on seedling growth of Pinus sylvestris (L.) were studied by seeding individually weighed orchard and stand seed in different mixtures under harsh (direct seeding in field) and optimal (seeding in nursery) conditions. In the nursery experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased the seedling height by 10-27% and total weight by 27-113%, and decreased the height/diameter ratio by 5-6% after 2 yrs. With elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 2% taller than stand seedlings in year 2. Without elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller. In the field experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased seedling height by 18-65%, stem volume by 81-274% and the number of top-buds by 23-34% in year 5. After elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller than stand seedlings and without elimination of seed weight effects 20-21% taller after 5 yrs. Even after elimination of both seed weight and genetic effects orchard seedlings were 3-9% larger than stand seedlings in the field experiment. In conclusion, the influence of seed weight and seed type on growth traits and slenderness is highly significant and the influence seems to be greater in harsh conditions. 相似文献
18.
Astra Zaluma Lauma Bruna Darta Klavina Natalija Burnevica Kristine Kenigsvalde Andis Lazdins Talis Gaitnieks 《Forest Pathology》2019,49(6)
Heterobasidion parviporum and Heterobasidion annosum are widely distributed root‐rot fungi that infect conifers throughout Europe. Infection of conifer stumps by spores of these pathogens can be controlled by treating fresh stumps with a competing non‐pathogenic fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea. In this study, growth of three Latvian strains of P. gigantea and the biological control agent ‘Rotstop’ strain was evaluated in stem pieces of Norway spruce, Scots pine, lodgepole pine, Douglas‐fir, Weymouth pine, Siberian larch and Sitka spruce. The growth rates of one H. parviporum and one H. annosum isolate were also measured in the same stem pieces. The growth rate of P. gigantea varied greatly in wood of different conifer species. It was higher in the three pine species, lower in Norway spruce and lowest in Sitka spruce and Siberian larch, and in Douglas‐fir, this fungus did not grow. The largest area of wood occupied by P. gigantea was in lodgepole pine. Growth of Latvian isolates of P. gigantea in the wood of Pinus and Picea species was comparable to that of the Rotstop isolate. Consequently, stump treatment with local P. gigantea isolates should be recommended. However, our results suggest that Douglas‐fir stump treatment against Heterobasidion by P. gigantea may be ineffective and other stump treatment methods should be considered. 相似文献
19.
Steven Maranz Amadou Niang Antoine Kalinganire Djeneba Konaté Bocary Kaya 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(3):231-239
Baobab leaves form an important part of the local diet in Sahel countries and elsewhere in Africa. Existing leaf nutritional
data and agroforestry performance information are based solely on Adansonia digitata L., the baobab of continental Africa. The introduction potential of Adansonia species from the center of diversity in Madagascar and from Australia remains untapped. To assess this potential, the mineral
contents and B1 and B2 vitamin levels of dried baobab leaves were determined for five-year old trees of A. digitata, A. gibbosa (A. Cunn.) Guymer ex D. Baum, A. rubrostipa Jum. & H. Perrier (syn. A. fony Baill.), A. perrieri Capuron and A. za Baill. grown in an introduction trial in Mali. Nutritional data were evaluated against survival and vigor to identify promising
germplasm. Leaf vitamin and crude protein contents were highest in the Madagascar species, especially A. rubrostipa (B1 88 mg 100 g−1, B2 187 mg 100 g−1, protein 20.7% dry weight). However, the local species far outperformed the introductions in survival, tree height, basal
diameter and resistance to termites. We suggest grafting as a way of harnessing the vigor of well-adapted local baobab varieties
to the superior nutritional profiles of A. rubrostipa and others. Cross-species grafting tests in Adansonia were successful, thus creating new agroforestry possibilities with different scion/rootstock combinations. 相似文献
20.
《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(2):76-84
Abstract Wood in general and wooden studs in particular are often distorted owing to uneven shrinkage during the drying process in the sawmill. Twist is often the most detrimental of all types of distortion, and it is caused by spiral grain in combination with variations in moisture content. For sawmills, the objective is to produce dried, straight boards, and one method of dealing with boards with excessive spiral grain is to sort them out and then dry them in a pretwisted position to obtain straight boards after drying. A model using the finite element (FE) method for the simulation of drying twist distortions was first calibrated against laboratory experiments in which boards were dried with and without restraints and pretwists. After the calibration, the FE results were compared with industrial test results for boards that were dried without restraints or with restraints with zero pretwist, i.e. straight restraints. The FE model used an elastic–ideally plastic material model to obtain permanent deformations. The calibration was to set the yield stresses so that there was a good match between FE results and results from the laboratory experiments. The comparison between the industrial test results and the FE results showed that the FE model is capable of realistic simulations of drying boards with and without restraints and presumably also pretwists. 相似文献