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本文总结了北京市西山试验林场三十年来的造林经验。普遍调查了二十多个造林树种在各种立地条件下的生长情况，在此基础上，运用数理统计方法分析了各树种的生长与各立地因子之间的相互关系，以此为依据修改了西山林场的立地条件类型表，提出了新的方案。并为各立地类型组提出了适用造林树种的建议。 相似文献
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大兴安岭是我国重要的林业基地之一。为了保证这一基地能够实现“青山常在,永续利用”,保持生态平衡,按照科学方法认识造林地,划分立地条件类型,加快步伐进行人工造林与人工更新,具有现实的意义。划分立地条件类型的方法,综合主导环境因子与生活因子,用生长期天数、坡向与土层厚度等三项作为依据,并按照不同类型分别选择树种。 相似文献
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盐碱地造林树种选择试验研究初报 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
该试验选择轻度，中度，高度含盐３种立地条件类型，进行红柳，沙枣，胡杨，紫穗槐，甘蒙树柳等５个树种造林试验，结果表明，红柳与沙枣在３种不同立地条件下造林均可成功，可在我区盐碱沙漠地带大面积推广。 相似文献
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内蒙古西部黄土丘陵区造林立地条件类型研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对内蒙古西部黄土丘陵区造林立地条件，进行了调查研究，以土壤水分作为主导因子，结合地形，土壤，现有林生长情况等，经方差分析，共划分７个立地类型，并对每个类型进行评价。 相似文献
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为保持水土，美化、净化环境，提高生态林业建设，在土石方大坝工程措施完成后，通过调查、测量，采用聚类分析法，划分临汾市汾河滩涂微域立地条件类型，分成三类，并结合实际划分成五类，根据所划分的立地条件类型对造林、林种、树种进行规划。 相似文献
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内蒙古西部黄土丘陵适地适树的调查研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
通过对内蒙古西部黄土丘陵区现有栽培的成片的或四旁绿化、散生的乔灌木树种，结合立地条件类型的实地生长情况的调查分析，并比较在同一立地条件类型中，不同乔灌木树种的生长差别以及某一乔灌木树种在不同立地条件的生长差别，从而确定出每一树种在不同立地条件类型中的恰当位置，确定出各立地条件类型上适地适树的造林树种、配置及树种按排。确定适生的及可引种的树种共３２种，其中乔木树种２５种，灌木树种７种。 相似文献
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随着各项＂林业工程＂的实施,渭北黄土高原立地条件较好的宜林地已基本实现了绿化,剩余的荒山荒地多是立地条件差、造林难度大的困难立地。本文在分析渭北黄土高原困难立地类型及其造林中存在的主要问题的基础上,就本地区困难立地造林技术措施做了系统阐述,以期在生产中得到推广应用。 相似文献
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为使退耕还林设计施工科学可行，在总结前3年试点经验的基础上划分立地条件类型和造林模式，进行造林模式设计，以便指导工程建设。 相似文献
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Weston F. Mwase Åsmund Bjørnstad James M. Bokosi Moses B. Kwapata Brita Stedje 《New Forests》2007,33(3):297-307
Biodiversity is declining throughout southern African miombo woodlands due to poor land use practices that are detrimental
to soil, vegetation and habitat. We aimed at examining tree and shrub species diversity and distribution in Uapaca kirkiana-dominated woodlands under three land tenure types; forest reserves, customary and leasehold land. The study was conducted
at different forest sites within similar agroecological zone in southern Malawi. Study sites were located at a range of altitudes
between 900 and 1,200 m a.s.l. Three circular plots each with 32.60 m radius were established at each study site to sample
tree and shrub species composition, structure and distribution under three land tenure types. We found that forest reserves
had higher species diversity with an average of 16 tree families, 27 genera and 34 species as compared to only 10 tree families,
6 genera and 6 species on customary forest lands. Comparisons of diameter at breast height size class distributions showed
that customary land had significantly low numbers of small (5.0–10.0 cm) and very large (≥30 cm) diameter classes suggesting
lower levels of regeneration and high rate of anthropogenic activities. The high species diversity and richness in forest
reserves and leasehold land indicate high potential for protected lands to restore tree species diversity. It is concluded
that levels of human activities as influenced by land tenure type reduce tree species diversity, composition and distribution
at the different sites, and this confirms the hypothesis that open access lands are not compatible with conservation of tree
and shrub species diversity because of high anthropogenic activities. 相似文献
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Victor A. J. Adekunle Adewole O. Olagoke Lawrence F. Ogundare 《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2013,32(5):517-538
This study assessed the effects of exploitations in natural forest ecosystems on tree species diversity and environmental conservation. This was achieved by comparing tree species diversity and yield in an unlogged forest (Strict Nature Reserve) and a forest reserve where active logging is in progress in Ondo State, Nigeria. Eight plots (20 m × 20 m) were assessed in each site using systematic sampling techniques. All living trees with dbh >10 cm were identified, categorized into families with their diameter at breast height (dbh) measured in each plot. Shannon-Weiner and species evenness indices were used to assess and compare tree species diversity and abundance. The results show that the tropical humid forest is very rich in tree species, as a total of 54 different tropical hardwood species from 23 families were encountered in both forest types. There were 46 species distributed among 21 families in the unlogged forest and 24 species in 14 families in the logged forest. Shannon-Weiner diversity index of 3.16 and 3.03 and evenness index of .83 and .81 were also obtained for the unlogged and logged forest, respectively. Every variable computed had a higher value in the unlogged forest relative to the logged forest. In the unlogged forest, the species with the highest number of occurrence was Mansonia altissima A. Chev. (80 stems/ha). Caesalpinoidae and Sterculiaceae families had the highest number of species (6). In the logged forest, Triplochiton scleroxylon K. Schum. (18 stems/ha) had the highest frequency and Caesalpinoidae family has the highest number of species (4). The study concludes that exploitation has affected species diversity in the ecosystem and subsequently, the roles of trees in environmental conservation are affected. 相似文献
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太行山在造山运动过程中由于构造时间和强度的差异,在地貌上形成了高低、大小不一的山体。依据地貌形成规律和植被类型,将太行山中南部分为低山、中低山、中山、中高山4个立地类型亚区。在海拔的控制下,再根据坡向、地形部位划分出17种立地类型;结合乡土树种分布调查,为17种立地类型提出了可选用的乔灌木树种;根据立地类型和指示植物生物学与生态学特性进行宜林性质划分,提出了水土保持林、水源涵养林、经济林、用材林的适宜树种。 相似文献
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对机械整地、人工整地方式下塞罕坝华北落叶松人工林林分生长、生物量及生产力进行了研究,结果表明:机械整地条件下,34a生林分生物量为166.94t/hm2,人工整地条件下,34a生林分生物量为155.08t/hm2,可见采用机械整地方式可以比人工整地方式提高林木生物量7.65%;不同整地方式下,华北落叶松各组分的含碳量差别较小,树干的含碳量大约45.00t/hm2,大约占总碳储量的50.00%;通过对不同整地方式下生产力的比较,得出采用机械整地方式可以比人工整地方式提高华北落叶松人工林平均生产力12.40%。 相似文献
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以广西省宁明县马尾松和桉树为例,利用高分辨率DEM提取研究区地形因子,综合考虑包括地形因子和土壤因子在内的立地条件和树龄,建立森林生产力估算模型,并生成区域潜在森林生产力分布图。研究结果显示:用基于DEM提取的地形因子数据进行森林生产力估算建模,能降低成本,有效提高建模效率;确定树木生长最优树龄后,仅利用立地条件因子就可以建立森林的潜在生产力模型,而两树种建模所需的立地条件因子各有不同;从生成的潜在生产力分布图可得看出宁明县的北部与东部均适宜林木生长,在中部发展林业的条件则相对较差,南部比较适宜种植马尾松,西部适宜桉树地种植。 相似文献
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Tree plantations are often used to compensate for the destruction and conversion of natural forests in the tropics. An important question is whether these plantations allow for the regeneration of indigenous tree species and are expected to transform into more natural forests in the future. To evaluate the potential of differently managed forest types for seedling recruitment of indigenous tree species we studied structural characteristics as well as tree and seedling communities in stands of natural forest, different types of tree plantations and secondary forest in Kakamega Forest, western Kenya. Forest types differed considerably in structural characteristics and tree composition with stands of natural forest significantly differing from all other forest types in vertical foliage height diversity and number of late-successional tree species. By contrast, total seedling species richness and number did not differ among the forest types. Yet, number of seedlings of late-successional species decreased from natural forest and plantations of a mixture of indigenous tree species towards monocultures and secondary forests while number of seedlings of early-successional species increased in the same order. A joint Principal Component Analysis (PCA) corroborated higher similarity among seedling communities than among tree communities. Our results indicate a convergence of recruiting seedling communities in different forest management types suggesting that tree plantations might buffer forest loss to a certain extent and may have the potential to develop into more natural forest over time. 相似文献
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利用2005年度的IKONOS4卫片(通过解译获得官司河小流域土地利用现状数据)、1:1万森林资源分布图、2007年度森林资源二类调查小班资料,结合样地调查数据以及四川省林业科学研究院森林生态效益定位站(四川绵阳新桥)径流场的有关数据,选取坡度、土层厚、土A层厚、土壤含水率、坡位、土壤类型6个立地特征因子,建立该流域的297个小班物元模型,对其进行适宜性评价,再用层次分析法对其进行优化,从而获得该流域防护林体系空间对位配置。结果表明:1)本区针阔(桤柏/栎柏)混交林面积为124.39hm2,仅占整个有林地面积的14.97%,而针针混交林(松柏)的面积却占27.37%,针叶纯林(马尾松/柏木)的面积更是占42.48%。2)经优化后本区防护林体系分配按面积大小排序为针阔混交林(31.12%)>灌木林(15.5%)>经济林(12.28%)>针针混交林(11.46%)>阔叶纯林(11.41%)>针叶纯林(9.51%)>草地(8.70%)。优化后,年径流总量将减少43171mm,减少62.15%;年土壤侵蚀总量减少465.97t,减少79.66%。3)该流域的防护林体系空间对位配置结果为:①少发展柏木、马尾松纯林,多发展桤柏、栎柏、松栎等针阔混交林。对现有的柏木、马尾松纯林,引进桤木、栎类等树种形成针阔混交林。②柏木纯林和桤柏混交林的郁闭度控制在0.60～0.75,栎柏混交林、松柏混交林、松栎柏混交林则应控制在0.60～0.80。③对现有针叶纯林、针针混交林,采用开窗补阔和密度调节2种方式进行改造。开窗补阔对密度过大的林分进行带状砍伐,砍伐后补植栎类、桤木、香樟、天竺桂等阔叶树种。④在树种的搭配上,根据不同立地条件及树种的适宜性,选择不同的混交比。在中性或微酸性紫色土上,多发展以柏木为主的混交林;在黄壤和酸性紫色土上,则可发展柏木、马尾松与其他阔叶树种的混交林;在灰白砂土上配置以马尾松为主的针阔混交林。阔叶林的比例不少于20%～30%,立地条件好的则可以达到40%左右,以充分发挥防护林的生态效益和增加经济效益。 相似文献
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在蚂蚁河上游小流域以落叶松为试验树种进行不同立地因子造林试验,结果表明：不同地类上落叶松的地径、树高和近3年高生长量均以荒山荒地最高;落叶松树高生长以东坡和北坡最高,地径生长以南坡最大;暗棕壤上落叶松生长最好;土壤厚度与落叶松的各个生长量指标存在紧密的正相关关系。 相似文献