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1.
许多不同的技术可以促进农业生产力的持续增长，生物技术是其中最重要和最有前途的方法。因为生物技术不仅可以增加生产力。而且在环境和自然资源的保护中起重要作用，应用生物技术可以生产高产、优质、高抗性和无病植物，同时也可以提高育种效率和促进食品的工业化生产。苏云金杆菌抗虫基因是目前生物技术领域中应用最广泛的例子之一。由此而产生的抗虫植物正在广泛应用于世界各地的商业化生产。本文综述了苏云金杆菌抗虫基因的研究进展和它在未来林木遗传工程中的应用。表4参68。 相似文献
2.
Many important advances in forest biotechnology have been made. The use of genetic transformation and the applications of
transgenic trees in modern forestry is now an important field. Two basic methodologies particle bombardment andAgrobacterium-mediated transformation have been used on conifers. However, routine procedures exist for only a limited number of conifers.
As a result only a few species have been successfully transformed into stable transgenic plants. The use of a particle bombardment
has been more successful and transgenic plants have been produced inPicea abies, Picea glauca, Picea mariana, andPinus radiata, although the level of production of stable transgenic plants is lower than that ofAgrobacterium. At present, breeding programs have been directed toward improving bole shape, growth rate, wood properties, and quality,
as well as toward improving root and shoot performance, pest resistance, stress tolerance, herbicide resistance, and ability
to resist stresses, which will drive forestry to enter a new era of productivity and quality. This article provides a brief
overiew of the current state of knowledge on genetic transformation in conifers.
Biography: Tang Wei (1964-), male, Ph. Doctor, Research associate, O-23, E. S. King Village, 2900, Ligon St., North Carolina State
University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
Responsible editor: Chai Ruihai 相似文献
3.
[目的]探究伊氏杀线真菌与苏云金芽孢杆菌(Bacillus thuringiensis,Bt)对松材线虫的联合毒力。[方法]使用Esteya vermicola孢子悬浮液与Bt发酵液处理松材线虫,通过线虫的形态变化、死亡率及死亡速度3个方面测定E.vermicola与Bt联合对松材线虫的影响。[结果]经过E.vermicola孢子悬浮液处理过的线虫会出现内容物渗漏,体腔收缩、弯曲、断裂的现象;高浓度的E.vermicola孢子悬浮液与Bt发酵液联合处理松材线虫可以明显地提高线虫的死亡率,最高可以达到100%;联合处理的线虫死亡速度较快,随着处理时间的延长,死亡率会一直呈上升的趋势。[结论]应用这两种生防微生物在合适的浓度下混配能够在较短时间内提高松材线虫的死亡率。 相似文献
4.
杜鹃属植物保护生物学研究进展 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
杜鹃属（Rhododendron）隶属杜鹃花科（Ericaceae）杜鹃花亚科（Rhododendroideae）。杜鹃或杜鹃花是杜鹃属植物的统称,为我国10大传统名花之一,因其观赏价值极高而备受园艺界青睐。文中着重论述了杜鹃属植物保护遗传学、繁殖生物学（包括繁育系统、传粉生物学、自然杂交和种子生理生态）以及种群生态学等方面的研究进展,提出了杜鹃属植物保护生物学要加强特有、稀有、濒危以及具有重要使用和科研价值种类的研究,并探讨了杜鹃属植物保护生物学研究存在的问题及发展方向,以期为杜鹃花研究与开发提供参考和借鉴。 相似文献
5.
This paper reviewed a large scale conservation work of rare and endangered plants currently conducted in main botanical gardens in China, and the existed, predictable and neglected problems on plant growth and reproduction in ex-situ conservation process. Considered the status quo in plant ex conservation, a nutritional strategy on the plant conservation was proposed based on ＇Ecological Similarity＇. Its main idea was that the ex-situ conservation plants coming from natural ecosystem were compulsively allocated in the agro-ecosystems and would return to natural ecosystem ultimately. Therefore, research on plant nutrition of the ex-situ conservation plants should neither just pursue yield and quality as that in agro-ecosystems nor merely stay on intrinsic natures without human intervening. We should give attentions to both of their attributes as in natural ecosystems and in agro-ecosystems, i.e., taking full advantage of plant nutritional measures as in agro-ecosystems to solve actual survival problems of the ex-conservation plants, and ensuring the final goal of returning to nature and playing its ecological role. 相似文献
6.
Six kinds of extracts drawn fromAjuga multiflora andA. multiflora var.brevispicata and A. multiflora var.serotina using methanol and acetone were used in this experiment to test their killing activity to the second instar larvae ofHyphantria cunea and their influence on its natural enemies. The average death rate caused by those extracts on the second instar larvae was
85.70%. The mortality rate caused by the extracts drawn with methanol was from 88.89% to 96.33%, which was significantly higher
than that caused by acetone extracts. Those extracts were safe toTrichogramma dendrolimi, Coccinella septempunctata, the natural enemies ofH. cunea. We did not found any evidence shown that those extracts had any influence the emergence and the development ofT. dendrolimi. Those methanolic extracts gotten fromA. multiflora andA. multiflora var.brevispicata had no significant effects on the mortality of the larvae and adults ofC. septempunctata. Those extracts could be used in the control ofH. cunea safely.
The research was sponsored by National Nature Science Fundation (39470586)
(Responsible Editor: Chai Ruihai) 相似文献
7.
Tamarix plant is widely distributed in the arid areas of China for its great tolerance of draught, salt and alkali and attracts more
attention by its strong capacity in windbreak and sand-fixations. “Tamarix dunes” constitute special desert bio-landscape in arid area. During last several decades,Tamarix shrubs declined and “Tamarix dunes” were also severely destroyed due to the land exploitation and serious deforestation, etc. From the 1980s until now,
the extending phenomenon ofTamarix shrubs caused by developmental projects such as building highway, railway was studied in the western dry area of China, including
western section of Hexi Corridor of Gansu, railroads and highways around the two greatest basin in Xinjiang and interior regions
in Gurbantonggut desert, through on-the-spot survey along the transportation lines and setting up sampling plots along the
roads. It was found that large quantities ofTamarix plants grow in the catchment area of low-lying lands that were formed by bulldozer operation during road building period.
The extension ofTamarix shrubs caused by engineering was similar to that of the other section of the area to some extent, but went beyond the original
distribution. This extension is beneficial to the ecological restoration and re-vegetation of western region of China and
plays an important role in control of the sandstorms and improvement of ecological environments. As a result, it is necessary
to make a further study on the extending phenomenon ofTamarix shrubs and to seek approach to promote wider extension ofTamarix shrubs in suitable habitats.
Foundation Item: This study is supported by key projects of National Natural Science Foundation (39730100), National Foundation (30070640)
and part of Project 973(G19990435).
Biography: Huang Pei-You (1936-), Male, Professor in College of Life Science and Technology, Xinjiang University, Urumqi, 830046
Responsible editor: Chai Ruihai 相似文献
8.
In production industry ofAuricularia auricular, the varieties quality is most important impact factor on output. For evaluating the early quality of the edible fungus,
9 varieties ofAuricularia auricular (Au9, CF09, CF05, 29, 916, chang10, chang7, Au.Japanese and 8808) were cultured on the medium consists of potato dextrose
agar (PDA) and sawdust to test their mycelium growth rate, endurance to high temperature, resistance to mildew, assimilation
of nutriment, and resistance to drought. The result showed that the mycelium of Chang 10, CF09, 29 and Au.Japanese varieties
had the eminent characteristics such as short lifespan, stronger assimilation of nutriment, and endurance to high temperature
and steady growth. These four varieties are determined as superiority varieties ofAuricularia auricular in accordance with the research results.
Foundation item: The research was supported by Science Fund of Northeast Forestry University (2004).
Biography: Li Ling (1964-), female, Engineer in Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P. R. China.
Responsible editor: Zhu Hong 相似文献
9.
Dry matter production and nutrient cycling in agroforestry systems of cardamom grown underAlnus and natural forest 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
A study on dry matter production and nutrient cycling in agroforestry systems of cardamom grown under N2-fixingAlnus and mixed tree species (non-N2-fixing) was carried out in the Sikkim Himalaya. The stand total biomass, and tiller number, basal area and biomass of cardamom crop was much higher under the influence ofAlnus. Annual net primary productivity ofAlnus trees was slightly higher than mixed tree species in spite of lower stand density ofAlnus. The agronomic yield of cardamom increased by 2.2 times under the canopy ofAlnus. Litter production and its disappearance rates were also higher in theAlnus-cardamom stand. Nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations of different components ofAlnus were higher than those of mixed tree species, whereas their back translocation from leaf before abscission was lower inAlnus. The cardamom based agroforestry system under the influence ofAlnus was more productive with faster rates of nutrient cycling. The poor nutrient conservation and low nutrient use efficiency ofAlnus, and malleability of nutrient cycling under its influence make it an excellent association which promotes higher availability and faster cycling of nutrients. 相似文献
10.
Tracheid characteristics ofPicea koraiensis from natural stand in Liangshui area and plantation in Mao'ershan area were studied. The results of variance analysis showed
that the tracheid length, diameter, and thickness of tracheid wall were significant differences between the growth rings.
All those characteristics tend to increase from heart-center to bark. In natural stand, it has positive correlation between
the characteristics. In plantation, the tracheid length has positive correlation with the trachied diameter, while both the
trachied length and the trachied diameter has negative correlation with the thickness of trachied wall. The tracheid length
and diameter have no significant difference in growth between natural stand and plantations. The thickness of tracheid wall
from the plantation is a little thicker than that from the natural stand before 15 years.
Foundation item: This paper was part of State 9th Five-Year Plan project of “Early Mensuration ofPicea koraiensis (nakai)”.
Biography: REN Xu-qin (1973-), female, graduate student in Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, P. R. China.
Responsible editor: Song Funan 相似文献
11.
[目的]为杨树高产低耗高效工业用材新品种选育筛选新种质。[方法]采用布雷金多性状综合评定法和模糊数学隶属函数值法,系统分析和评价北方型美洲黑杨种质生长及光、水分、养分等关键环境资源利用性状。[结果]表明:(1)种源间、种源内无性系间在生长、光合、水分和养分利用方面的差异显著或极显著。(2)总叶面积、成叶速率、暗呼吸速率、氮素转移率、生长旺期水分利用效率与北方型美洲黑杨胸径显著或极显著相关。(3)筛选出M6、Q1、Q5、M5、Q7、Q3、M3、Q9等高产型种质,M6、Q1、Q2、M5、Q5、M3、Q4、M2等高产高光效型种质,Q5、Q1、W9、M5、Q7、M6、M3、W2等高产高水分利用型种质,Q9、Q5、Q3、Q8、Q1、M10、Q7、I5高产高养分利用型种质。其中,Q5、M6、Q1、Q2、Q9等无性系兼具生长和对资源(光、水分和养分)的利用优势。[结论]北方型美洲黑杨遗传变异丰富,为优良种源和种质选择提供了依据;总叶面积、成叶速率、、暗呼吸速率、氮素转移率等5个与生长关系密切的指标可作为种质资源评价的可靠指标;筛选出的优良种质特别是综合表现最优的5个无性系是后续育种工作的有效资源。 相似文献
12.
G. Liebig 《Journal of pest science》1976,49(12):188-190
On the development and weight of Myzus persicae feeding on leaves of Chenopodium quinoa by different means
Individuals ofMyzus persicae feeding on detached yellowing leaves ofChenopodium quinoa became four times heavier than those feeding on attached leaves. If the detached leaves were treated with kinetin by spraying, the weights of the adults decreased about 25% as compared to those feeding on detached yellowing leaves treated with water. The resistance of the attached leaves was not restored completely by kinetin-treatment of detached leaves which remained green, however.More aphids survived, if they were placed on the detached leaves as 0–1 days old larvae. Detaching of leaves, however, did not lead to a decrease of the resistance ofCh. quinoa to adults ofMyzus fersicae bred onSinapis alba. Adults could neither be settled on plants of Ch.quinoa nor on detached yellowing leaves. Apparently, there exists another type of resistance which cannot be influenced by detaching leaves. 相似文献
13.
A monoterpene and 15 diterpenes were isolated from the ethyl acetate extracts of the bark-glued resin from the resinous stem canker ofThujopsis dolabrata var.hondae Makino. A monoterpene (nezukone20) and 4 diterpenes (acetyl torulosol5, acetyl isocupressic acid8, acetyl abietinol11, and 7-methoxytotarol18) were characteristic constituents of the ethyl acetate extracts but were absent in then-hexane extracts from the resinous stem canker ofT. dolabrata var.hondae. These terpenes were first isolated fromT. dolabrata var.hondae andT. dolabrata. The available literature suggests that diterpene18 is a new compound. The resinous stem canker ofChamaecyparis obtusa Endlicher contained larger amounts of manool1,trans-communic acid6, and ferruginol12 and smaller amounts of isocupressic acid7 and abietinol10 than the resinous stem canker ofT. dolabrata var.hondae. The concentration of18 was less than 2% in the extracts, and the resinous stem canker ofC. obtusa lacked this compound. The resinous stem cankers ofC. obtusa andT. dolabrata var.hondae provided extracts 15.6 and 4.96 times, respectively, heavier than the healthy ones. Large differences in the ratios and compositions of terpenes were also observed between the resinous stem canker and the healthy trees. Terpenes isolated from the extracts contained many kinds of diterpene, especially the labdane-type diterpenes, in these diseased trees. These results suggest that the presence of labdane-type diterpenes is closely associated with the resinous stem canker or the causal fungi of this disease.Part of this report was presented at the 50th annual meeting of the Japan Wood Research Society, Kyoto, April 2000 相似文献
14.
Gao Chang-qi Sun Shou-hui Ren Xiao-guang Song Li-wen Zhang Xiao-jun Dai Wan-zhuo Xiao Hui Zhuang Cui-yun Yi De-guo Zhu Zhen-yu Ren Hai-bo 《林业研究》2001,12(4):263-265
An experimental area of poplar was established in Songyuan of Jilin Province in 1999 for testing the resistance of different
poplar stains toSaperda poplnea. Incidence ofS. poplnea on ten poplar strains were investigated, and the main trophic component of branches of these poplar trees were measured and
analyzed in April 2001. The results showed that there existed significant difference in population size ofS. poplnea on different poplar strains, and the branches of these poplar strains have significant difference in nutrient component and
content of amino acids. The population size of this pest had a significantly positive correlation with dissolvable total sugar
and water content but had no significant correlation with content of total nitrogen and protein nitrogen.
Foundation Item: This paper is part of the subject of integrated control of longicorn of poplar for mainly focusing on pest resistance, which
was supported by Jilin Provincial Forestry Department (96-010).
Biography: Gao Chang-qi (1949-), Research Fellow, Doctorate Tutor, Jilin Provincial Academy of Forestry Science, Changehun 139931,
P. R. China.
Responsible editor: Chai Ruihai 相似文献
15.
[目的]为了更好的了解泡泡刺黄酮类生物合成途径及其潜在的抗逆作用,[方法]应用高通量RNA-seq测序技术对泡泡刺当年生新叶进行了转录组测序及相关生物信息学分析。[结果]表明:泡泡刺当年生叶中获得了13 013 444 total reads,总核苷酸数为1 171 209 960 bp(1.09 Gb),组装拼接后得到48 921条unigene序列;Nr、Swiss-Prot、COG、GO、KEGG等数据库分析显示,有30 407个Nr注释,19 671个Swissprot注释,9 273个COG功能注释,46 153个GO功能注释,13 654个KEGG注释,并从KEGG通路中找到参与黄酮类化合物合成途径的关键基因片段186个。[结论]本研究获得了较好的泡泡刺转录组序列信息,并且其中富含黄酮类化合物代谢途径的相关基因,这为其抗逆机制、药用价值的研究及开发利用提供宝贵资源。 相似文献
16.
[目的]探究云南松林结构调整对林木生长和土壤性状的影响,为云南松林保护和利用提供科学依据。[方法]按照森林抚育规程对林分进行结构调整,采用典型取样法对比分析林分结构调整前后土壤性质和林木生长状况的差异。[结果]云南松林结构调整后,(1)结构调整样地单株蓄积量比对照样地提高了近60%,树高和胸径提高幅度均在15%以上,林下天然更新植株数量是对照样地的3.1倍;(2)结构调整后林内植物种类增加,林下灌木层和草本层盖度分别提高了63.3%和22.7%,灌木层和草本层平均高度分别提高了24.7%和17.9%;(3)结构调整样地现存凋落物量显著下降,与对照相比下降了20.4%,土壤表层温度、有机质含量、基础呼吸和土壤微生物生物量显著提高,土壤其他性质参数变幅相对较小。[结论]林分结构调整可显著提高云南松生长量,有利于云南松较大径级林木的培育;促进了云南松林下更新和林下植被发育,有利于林分群落结构的形成;提高了土壤微生物数量和活性,加速了土壤有机质转化,研究揭示林分结构调整促进了云南松林土壤—植物系统正反馈作用。 相似文献
17.
The changes of fractal dimension ofPicea koraiensis seedlings under different light intensities in natural secondary forests was studied. The results showed that with the change
of light environment, crown characters ofPicea koraiensis seedlings exhibited a greater plastic in lateral number, lateral increment, lateral dry weight, and specific leaf area. The
range of calculated fractal dimensions of seedling crowns was confined between 2.5728 and 2.1036, but maximum of fractal dimension
achieved in term moderate shading and in extreme low light conditions fractal dimension was least.
Foundation item: This paper was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.39670152) and Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Biography: ZHOU Yong-bin (1970-), female, Ph. Doctor, lecture in Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110161, P.R. China
Responsible editor: Song Funan 相似文献
18.
[目的]通过植物转基因技术获得抗病毒大花蕙兰种质资源,优化转化体系和鉴定方法.[方法]本研究克隆了齿兰环斑病毒外壳蛋白基因,并构建了该基因的pBI121表达载体,用根癌农杆菌介导法转化大花蕙兰,尝试以巢式PCR方法检测转基因再生植株.[结果]优化了大花蕙兰遗传转化体系,建立了利用巢式PCR技术检测转基因大花蕙兰植株的方法,获得了32株转基因株(系).[结论]优化了以类原球茎为外植体的农杆菌介导转化大花蕙兰的方法,确定以5%~10%类原球茎存活时的抗生素(卡那霉素)浓度为筛选浓度;获得了转ORSV CP基因大花蕙兰植株;对大花蕙兰转基因植株检测时,巢式PCR较普通PCR更灵敏、准确. 相似文献
19.
Introduction of Pinus radiata for afforestation： a review with reference to Aba, China 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
BIHui-quan JackSimpson LIRong-wei YANHong WUZong-xing CAIShi-min RobertEldridge 《林业研究》2003,14(4):311-322
Pinus radiata D. Don, native to a Californian coastal environment, has been introduced to many parts of the world as an exotic species for afforestation. It is now a major plantation species in the Southern Hemisphere. In 1990, it was introduced to the heavily degraded, dry Min river valley area in Aba prefecture of Sichuan Province, P. R. China. Survival and growth of young trees planted at several sites appear to be reasonable. This review is to serve as an introduction to the large body of literature on P.radiata for forest scientists in China. It covers the following aspects: P. radiata in its native environment and in ex situ plantations,provenance and genetic variations, environmental limitations and climate niche, diseases and pests, lessons from unsuccessful introductions, and the use of P. radiata for ecological restoration. The early growth of P. radiata planted in the dry river valley area is briefly described. Potential problems associated with the introduction of P. radiata in Aba and future research needs are also identified. 相似文献
20.
S. E. Williams M. van Noordwijk E. Penot J. R. Healey F. L. Sinclair G. Wibawa 《Agroforestry Systems》2001,53(2):227-237
Perennial tree crops are often grown in complex multistrata systems that incorporate natural vegetation. These systems contribute
simultaneously to sustaining rural livelihoods and to the conservation of biodiversity, but their productivity is usually
low. Introduction of high yielding germplasm, usually selected in monocultural plantations, is a potential way to increase
productivity, but a critical requirement is that such plants can be established in a competitive multispecies environment.
The establishment of clonal planting stock in the jungle rubber agroforests of Indonesia was explored through participatory
on-farm research. The trial involved four farmers who grew clonal rubber trees in a total of 20 plots, constituting five replicate
experimental blocks spread across four farms. Unexpectedly, vertebrate pest damage by monkeys (Presbytis melalophos nobilis) and wild pigs (Sus scrofa) was the most important influence on establishment, explaining almost 70% of the variation in rubber tree growth. The amount
of labour invested in weeding was also positively correlated with rubber tree growth. Farmers generally decided to completely
cut back vegetation between rows of rubber trees, including potentially valuable trees, rather than weeding within the rows
and selectively pruning trees in the inter-row. Farmers thought that the inter-row vegetation would harbour vertebrate pests
and compete with the clonal rubber, and they had access to fruits, firewood and other non-timber forest products from other
land. Thus, contrary to expectations, when offered clonal germplasm, farmers opted to use plantation monoculture methods to
protect what they considered a valuable asset, rather than maintain the traditional multispecies strategy they use with local
germplasm.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献