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1.
相思树种在沿海沙地不同立地环境中的应用效果 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过测定生长量和抗风性能等指标,研究了厚荚相思、马占相思、大叶相思、纹荚相思等树种在沿海后沿沙地、木麻黄基干林带采伐迹地、风口困难立地等不同立地环境中的应用效果。结果表明:厚荚相思、纹荚相思和马占相思等3个树种为适宜在沿海后沿沙地上生长的相思树种,它们的树高年平均生长量大于1.0 m.a-1,胸径年平均生长量大于1.0 cm.a-1;厚荚相思生长快,林分郁闭早,抗风能力强,具有较强的固氮能力,是一个基干林带更新较为理想的树种;厚荚相思对沙荒风口大风、流沙和严重干旱等恶劣生境适应性较强,生长最大,是风口困难立地造林的可取树种。 相似文献
2.
林武星 《中南林业科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2005,25(1):42-45
对闽南沿海沙地10种引种造林树种的速生性、丰产性和适应性进行了调查,并采用多目标决策方法进行了闽南沿海沙地引种树种评价研究.结果表明:在10种引种树种中,厚荚相思速生丰产性和适应性得分最高,综合评价值最大,纹荚相思综合评价值居第2,柠檬桉综合得分值最低;厚荚相思、纹荚相思和巨尾桉为闽南沿海沙地1级最适宜造林树种,刚果12号桉、大叶相思和马占相思为2级次适宜造林树种,毛娟相思、肯氏相思、卵果松和柠檬桉为第3级造林树种. 相似文献
3.
沙质海岸木麻黄林带更新不同树种混交效果及种间关系研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
沙岸木麻黄林带更新采用木麻黄与湿地松不同比例混交配置 ,木麻黄等树种单行和多行混交造林 ,结果表明 :木麻黄与湿地松带状混交效果较好 ,但需适时适量疏伐 ;木麻黄与刚果 12 # 桉、厚荚相思分别单行混交造林种间关系协调 ,湿地松与刚果 12 # 桉、厚荚相思行状混交易受压 ;不同树种采取多行配置树种间关系良好 ,木麻黄与刚果 12 # 桉处于同一林层 ,厚荚相思分布于木麻黄之下 ,而湿地松与厚荚相思多行混交免遭挤压 ,生长良好 相似文献
4.
对台湾相思、卷荚相思、肯氏相思、尾巨桉、木麻黄(木麻黄501和木麻黄平潭2号)等5个树种在滨海沙地进行造林试验,对造林9个月后不同处理下的苗期生长情况进行对比,认为客土全穴有利于提高苗木的成活率和生长量。生长差异比较结果显示,尾巨桉和肯氏相思可作为长乐滨海沙地防护林造林树种。桉树和相思类树种对增加沿海防护林生态系统的生物多样性和景观多样性,提高防护林的稳定性、抗逆性、防护效能等方面具有重要意义。 相似文献
5.
应用大叶相思、肯氏相思、毛娟相思、马占相思和厚荚相思等相思树种在东山县沿海沙地上营建防护林,并对其抗风、抗台风及抗连续干旱性能进行了测定。结果表明:厚荚相思抗风能力强,生长快,是较好的可在沿海沙地上适生的树种;相思树种抗台风能力较木麻黄弱,台风对相思树种的主要危害是断梢,但在以后的生长中能较快地得到恢复,对相思林分生长并不会产生大的影响;厚荚相思在沿海沙地上造林,不仅成活率高(95%以上),而且在遭受连续8个月的干旱后,旱死率为0,表现出很强的抗旱能力,而且在贫瘠的沙地土壤上生长表现良好,其生长量超过了木麻黄601无性系,是非常好的适合于沿海沙地条件的树种。 相似文献
6.
在不同生境条件下开展相思类树种造林试验研究,结果表明:厚荚相思对海岸前沿不良生境适应性强,可作为更新改造的主要树种之一;厚荚相思、纹荚相思、直干大叶相思及马占相思在低郁闭度林带下套种保存率高,生长量以厚荚相思表现最佳;基干林带间隔带状皆伐方式更新厚荚相思与湿地松、厚荚相思与木麻黄无性系多行配置种间关系稳定,单行混交易引起种间矛盾和空间的激烈竞争;后沿沙地厚荚相思与马占相思生长快,干形通直,蓄积量大,出材率高,是理想的更新树种。 相似文献
7.
沙质海岸木麻黄混交林防护效能和改土效果研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过木麻黄分别与厚荚相思、刚果 12桉、湿地松混交造林研究表明 :木麻黄混交林与木麻黄纯林相比能有效提高防风固沙效能和改善土壤的肥力状况 ,其中以木麻黄与厚荚相思混交表现得最明显 ;木麻黄与刚果 12桉混交次之 ;木麻黄与湿地松混交第三。木麻黄厚荚相思混交林是沿海地区沙质海岸理想的防护林类型 相似文献
8.
福建海岸木麻黄防护林更新造林技术研究 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
通过对木麻黄老林带分别采取不同采伐宽度种植木麻黄优良无性系以及建立多树种混交配置更新,结果表明:10m×10m、20m×20m及30m×30m采伐带宽度更新木麻黄无性系粤701生长显著差异,以30m×30m采伐宽度更新,林木生长最佳。木麻黄与厚荚相思、厚荚相思与湿地松单行混交,有不同程度上的种间矛盾,林分生长不太稳定,因此不宜采用行间混交。木麻黄与厚荚相思、刚果12号桉、湿地松以及厚荚相思与湿地松采用多行(带状)混交,其更新效果普遍较好,两者之间竞相生长,种间关系比较协调。多行混交不仅可以避免树种之间挤压,而且整个林分形成多层次空间结构,从而形成防护林树种的多样性和较好的景观。 相似文献
9.
沿海沙地木麻黄更新迹地6种相思树的水源涵养功能比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对木麻黄更新迹地上引种的8年生6种相思树种林分涵养水源能力进行了比较,并以平潭2号木麻黄为对照,结果表明:与木麻黄相比,肯氏相思、厚荚相思和纹荚相思有更强的水源涵养能力,在6种相思中,地上部分持水量以厚荚相思为最高,达42.88 t.hm-2,大小排序为厚荚相思>肯氏相思>纹荚相思>卷荚相思>大叶直干相思>马占相思;根系土壤层的持水能力以肯氏相思的土壤蓄水量最大,达1 795.02 t.hm-2;林分总持水量以肯氏相思最高,达1 824.04 t.hm-2,其次为厚荚相思和纹荚相思,分别达1 770.75 t.hm-2和1 759.60 t.hm-2。从涵养水源的能力角度来评判,肯氏相思、厚荚相思和纹荚相思作为沿海木麻黄防护林更新树种,有一定前景。 相似文献
10.
推荐两种热带相思（厚荚、槽纹果相思） 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
介绍热带相思在我国的引种历史及发展情况重点报道厚荚相思在我国南方的生长，适应性、育苗、造林技术及利用概况。厚荚相思在贫瘠立地如坚实的砖红壤、沿海沙地、水土流失严重地，生长超过马占相思。其次介绍槽纹果相思的发展潜力。 相似文献
11.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
12.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
13.
Contour hedgerows of multipurpose tree species in the sloping tea lands of Sri Lanka are expected to reduce soil erosion and
also add significant amounts of plant nutrients to the soil via periodic prunings. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the biomass decomposition pattern and quantify the
amount of nutrients added through prunings of six tree species (Calliandra calothyrsus, Senna spectabilis, Euphatorium innulifolium, Flemingia congesta, Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia) currently being used in hedgerows associated with tea. Withered leaf and stem prunings (50 g) were enclosed in 2-mm litter
bags, placed at 5-cm depth and retrieved after one, three, six, nine and 12 weeks. Loss of initial dry weight, N, P and K
was measured. Single exponential decay function adequately described both dry weight and nutrient loss. Tree species differed
significantly in their rate of breakdown with decomposition constants (k) varying from 0.0299 to 0.2006 week−1 for leaves and from 0.0225 to 0.0633 week−1 for stems. Gliricidia showed the highest k for leaves with the rest in the following descending order: Senna > Tithonia ≥ Euphatorium > Calliandra > Flemingia. A similar pattern was observed for loss of all nutrients with Calliandra and Flemingia always having lower k values than the rest. Although N immobilization was not observed, immobilization of P and K was observed
during the first week of incubation in some species, particularly in stem prunings. Annual biomass of prunings differed significantly
between tree species in the following descending order: Calliandra > Senna > Flemingia > Tithonia > Gliricidia > Euphatorium. Calliandra added the greatest amount of nutrients annually to the soil with Euphatorium adding the least. Calliandra prunings provided the annual total K requirement and 49% of the N requirement of mature tea. However, none of the species
provided more than 5% of the P requirement. It is concluded that among the tree species tested, Calliandra and Flemingia are the most suitable for contour hedgerows in tea plantations of this agroclimatic region because of their higher soil nutrient
enrichment capacity and slower decomposition rates which would minimize leaching losses.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
14.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
15.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
16.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
17.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):118-130
The effects of seed weight and seed type on seedling growth of Pinus sylvestris (L.) were studied by seeding individually weighed orchard and stand seed in different mixtures under harsh (direct seeding in field) and optimal (seeding in nursery) conditions. In the nursery experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased the seedling height by 10-27% and total weight by 27-113%, and decreased the height/diameter ratio by 5-6% after 2 yrs. With elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 2% taller than stand seedlings in year 2. Without elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller. In the field experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased seedling height by 18-65%, stem volume by 81-274% and the number of top-buds by 23-34% in year 5. After elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller than stand seedlings and without elimination of seed weight effects 20-21% taller after 5 yrs. Even after elimination of both seed weight and genetic effects orchard seedlings were 3-9% larger than stand seedlings in the field experiment. In conclusion, the influence of seed weight and seed type on growth traits and slenderness is highly significant and the influence seems to be greater in harsh conditions. 相似文献
18.
Astra Zaluma Lauma Bruna Darta Klavina Natalija Burnevica Kristine Kenigsvalde Andis Lazdins Talis Gaitnieks 《Forest Pathology》2019,49(6)
Heterobasidion parviporum and Heterobasidion annosum are widely distributed root‐rot fungi that infect conifers throughout Europe. Infection of conifer stumps by spores of these pathogens can be controlled by treating fresh stumps with a competing non‐pathogenic fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea. In this study, growth of three Latvian strains of P. gigantea and the biological control agent ‘Rotstop’ strain was evaluated in stem pieces of Norway spruce, Scots pine, lodgepole pine, Douglas‐fir, Weymouth pine, Siberian larch and Sitka spruce. The growth rates of one H. parviporum and one H. annosum isolate were also measured in the same stem pieces. The growth rate of P. gigantea varied greatly in wood of different conifer species. It was higher in the three pine species, lower in Norway spruce and lowest in Sitka spruce and Siberian larch, and in Douglas‐fir, this fungus did not grow. The largest area of wood occupied by P. gigantea was in lodgepole pine. Growth of Latvian isolates of P. gigantea in the wood of Pinus and Picea species was comparable to that of the Rotstop isolate. Consequently, stump treatment with local P. gigantea isolates should be recommended. However, our results suggest that Douglas‐fir stump treatment against Heterobasidion by P. gigantea may be ineffective and other stump treatment methods should be considered. 相似文献
19.
Steven Maranz Amadou Niang Antoine Kalinganire Djeneba Konaté Bocary Kaya 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(3):231-239
Baobab leaves form an important part of the local diet in Sahel countries and elsewhere in Africa. Existing leaf nutritional
data and agroforestry performance information are based solely on Adansonia digitata L., the baobab of continental Africa. The introduction potential of Adansonia species from the center of diversity in Madagascar and from Australia remains untapped. To assess this potential, the mineral
contents and B1 and B2 vitamin levels of dried baobab leaves were determined for five-year old trees of A. digitata, A. gibbosa (A. Cunn.) Guymer ex D. Baum, A. rubrostipa Jum. & H. Perrier (syn. A. fony Baill.), A. perrieri Capuron and A. za Baill. grown in an introduction trial in Mali. Nutritional data were evaluated against survival and vigor to identify promising
germplasm. Leaf vitamin and crude protein contents were highest in the Madagascar species, especially A. rubrostipa (B1 88 mg 100 g−1, B2 187 mg 100 g−1, protein 20.7% dry weight). However, the local species far outperformed the introductions in survival, tree height, basal
diameter and resistance to termites. We suggest grafting as a way of harnessing the vigor of well-adapted local baobab varieties
to the superior nutritional profiles of A. rubrostipa and others. Cross-species grafting tests in Adansonia were successful, thus creating new agroforestry possibilities with different scion/rootstock combinations. 相似文献
20.
《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(2):76-84
Abstract Wood in general and wooden studs in particular are often distorted owing to uneven shrinkage during the drying process in the sawmill. Twist is often the most detrimental of all types of distortion, and it is caused by spiral grain in combination with variations in moisture content. For sawmills, the objective is to produce dried, straight boards, and one method of dealing with boards with excessive spiral grain is to sort them out and then dry them in a pretwisted position to obtain straight boards after drying. A model using the finite element (FE) method for the simulation of drying twist distortions was first calibrated against laboratory experiments in which boards were dried with and without restraints and pretwists. After the calibration, the FE results were compared with industrial test results for boards that were dried without restraints or with restraints with zero pretwist, i.e. straight restraints. The FE model used an elastic–ideally plastic material model to obtain permanent deformations. The calibration was to set the yield stresses so that there was a good match between FE results and results from the laboratory experiments. The comparison between the industrial test results and the FE results showed that the FE model is capable of realistic simulations of drying boards with and without restraints and presumably also pretwists. 相似文献