共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 771 毫秒
1.
A regional study of consumer satisfaction and preferences for various chestnut attributes was conducted in 2009. Surveys were distributed to five chestnut growers/sellers in Missouri, Iowa, Kansas, Ohio and Illinois to accompany chestnut sales to their individual customers. Returned surveys represented consumers from 18 states, mainly the U.S. Midwest but also from the East and West coasts. The survey measured consumer satisfaction with the chestnuts purchased (by using affective, cognitive and behavioral constructs), assessed consumer’s general knowledge about chestnuts, frequency of consumption and familiarity with cooking. The survey also included a choice-based conjoint analysis to evaluate the effects of origin, production process and price on consumer preferences for chestnuts. Results show that high satisfaction with chestnuts purchased increases the likelihood of future purchase. Most consumers who buy chestnuts know that chestnuts need to be refrigerated but more educational effort is needed regarding the low fat content of chestnuts as compared to other nuts and the gluten-free attribute of chestnut flour. Conjoint analysis of chestnut attributes (origin, production process and price) confirmed results of past studies. Holding other attributes constant, chestnut origin is the most important attribute influencing purchases, consumers strongly preferring locally grown chestnuts over U.S. grown or imported. Chestnuts grown organically or pesticide free were preferred over conventional production. Price also has a significant influence on the purchase decision but its relative effect was lowered when bundled with the other product attributes. 相似文献
2.
Implicit economic values of physical attributes of teak logs (girth, length, straightness and soundness) were estimated using hedonic regression. The influence of spatial and temporal variations on teak wood prices was also estimated. The auction prices of teak wood at various Timber Sales Depots of the Forest Department of Kerala State in India during the period 2006–2010 were used for the study. Traders ascribed over 80 % of variation in teak wood prices to girth, straightness and soundness of logs. A reduction in age at felling of teak plantations in forest areas is proposed. The study also underlines the need to continue tree improvement programs and silvicultural operations for the production of high quality teak wood and thereby increase the profitability of teak plantations. 相似文献
3.
Teak plantations date back to 1871 in Bangladesh.This study was designed to assess how teak monoculture has impacted the soil properties in Bangladesh.Multiple linear regression and correlation matrices were estimated to evaluate these impacts.The means of soil physicochemical properties were compared across various attributes of the plantations.Older plantations accumulated more organic carbon in the soils than the younger plantations.Excessive removal of litter from the forest floor resulted in reduced levels of N, P, K, and other nutrients in the soils.Since bulk density was continuously decreasing deeper into the soil, the penetration of mineral nutrients into the soil was low.Furthermore, moisture content in the topsoil was significantly lower than that in the bottom layers due to the exposed and dry condition of the forest floor under teak plantations.For improving depleted teak plantation soils, teak could be planted with other tree species rather than just in monocultures.In addition, the forest floor could be enriched with leguminous herbs and shrubs to improve soil health in these plantations. 相似文献
4.
Log Characteristics and Sawn Timber Recovery of Home-Garden Teak from Wet and Dry Localities of Kerala, India 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
There is a widely held view among smallholders that teak timber produced from small-scale agroforestry systems, especially
home-garden forestry, fetches a lower price than that from conventional plantation forestry. To examine the veracity of this
view, the wood quality attributes of teak from two home gardens in the district of Ernakulam (wet site) and Palakkad (dry
site) in India were compared to those of forest plantation in Nilambur. The logs were graded using standard timber trade practices
into high, medium and low quality as determined by the potential sawn timber grade-yield recovery pattern. Of 96 home garden
teak logs (aged 35 years) from wet and dry sites, 59% belonged to timber Grade II–IV and the rest were classified as poles.
Grade I logs (export quality) with a girth above 150 cm were not available from either of the homesteads. Faster-grown teak
in the wet site produced large diameter logs (dbh 1.37 m) with average diameter of 39.6 cm, which is comparable to that of
best site quality in India. In contrast, the average dbh for teak grown in the dry site was 24 cm as compared to the average
dbh of 31 cm recorded from the same aged forest plantation in Nilambur. It was found that only 10% of logs belonged to Grade
II timber and the rest fell under grades III and IV with more frequent visual defects. The sawn timber recovery percentage
was lower for the dry site (66.8%), whereas there was no significant difference in grade from the wet and forest plantation
sites, with recovery rates of 76.5% and 78.8%, respectively. The general notion that home garden teak has a large proportion
of sapwood seems to be baseless, no significant difference being found between the heartwood-sapwood ratio of home-garden
and forest plantation teak. Lack of appropriate silvicultural practices in home-garden forestry caused the production of more
defective logs, adversely affecting the market price of timber.
相似文献
| Puthenpurayil Kumaran ThulasidasEmail: |
5.
Francisco X. Aguilar Mihaela M. Cernusca Michael A. Gold Carla E. Barbieri 《Agroforestry Systems》2010,79(1):19-29
A study of frequency of consumption and familiarity with preparing chestnuts was conducted in the state of Missouri from 2003
to 2008. A conjoint analysis of chestnut attributes was completed in 2008 to expand on previous consumer preference research.
Information from final consumers was collected during the annual Missouri Chestnut Roast festival at the Horticulture and
Agroforestry Research Center in New Franklin, Missouri. The study tracks changes in frequency of consumption and consumer
familiarity with preparing chestnuts. The conjoint analysis evaluated pair-wise profiles to quantify the effects of origin,
production process and price on consumer preferences. Results show improvements in the frequency of consumption and familiarity
with cooking chestnuts in Missouri. Findings suggest the festival has influenced consumption patterns among return visitors.
The conjoint analysis identified locality of produce and organic certification to be major drivers behind consumer preferences.
Price is also an important attribute influencing consumer preferences. Conjoint analysis results indicate that chestnuts grown
in Missouri or the U.S. carrying an organic label can capture price premiums. 相似文献
6.
Takahiro Fujiwara San Afri Awang Wahyu Tri Widayanti Ratih Madya Septiana Kimihiko Hyakumura Noriko Sato 《Small-Scale Forestry》2018,17(1):41-56
Indonesia is one of the largest teak timber producers in the world. The Javanese State Forest Company has been a major producer of teak timber in Indonesia; however, log production decreased drastically due to severe illegal logging after the collapse of Suharto regime. In contrast, small-scale private forests (PFs) owned by local farmers have expanded and are expected to be a new source of teak timber. Long rotation is a critical factor in producing a larger diameter log with a higher heartwood proportion. However, harvest timing in PFs is traditionally decided based on individual farmers’ needs even if trees are still young and of small diameter. Therefore, traditional harvesting is an obstacle to producing high-quality teak timber. The objectives of this study are to (1) identify the household economies and PF management styles of local farmers, (2) characterize the local farmers who conduct traditional harvesting, and (3) suggest key considerations for PF policymaking. Key informant interviews and semi-structured interviews with local farmers were conducted in three villages in Gunungkidul district, Yogyakarta Special Region. The study identified the household economies, the ownership and management structures, and the traditional harvesting in PFs in the three villages, and reaffirmed diversity and complexity of PFs. It appears that PF management is influenced by topographic and socioeconomic conditions and differs widely across villages. Therefore, it is important to consider the diversity and complexity of PFs in PF policymaking. 相似文献
7.
Zaizhi Zhou Kunnan Liang Daping Xu Yuchen Zhang Guihua Huang Huaming Ma 《New Forests》2012,43(2):231-243
Many teak plantations are established on acidic soils with low nutrient availability. There is also poor documentation of
nutrient budgets for teak, therefore, a pot experiment with optimal hybrid regression design (Roquemore R311A) was implemented
with calcium, boron and nitrogen treatments with teak seedlings (Tectona grandis L.f.) planted in acidic lateritic red soil substrate. Seedling growth, biomass production and root development, and soil
pH, and exchangeable Ca and Al concentration were measured. Plant height, root collar diameter, biomass of leaves, stems and
roots, root volume, taproot length, number of lateral roots of teak seedlings were significantly and positively correlated
with soil exchangeable Ca, pH and Ca/Al molar ratio, and negatively correlated with exchangeable Al. All growth traits were
significantly affected by calcium, nitrogen and their interaction, but B fertilizer and other interactions had insignificant
effects. To effectively cultivate teak seedlings in acidic soil substrates, 1.68 g kg−1 quicklime (CaO) and 0.65 g kg−1 urea was suggested to be added to neutralize soil acidity, and enhance soil exchangeable Ca content and Ca/Al molar ratio.
Urea should not be added without quicklime. 相似文献
8.
We compared morphological and genetic attributes of prog-eny obtained from three seed production areas (SPAs) and three corre-sponding unimproved stands (UIS) of teak (Tectona grandis L.f) at three bro... 相似文献
9.
Dawa Mndez‐lvarez Arantxa Rodríguez Yorleny Badilla‐Valverde Olman Murillo‐Gamboa 《Forest Pathology》2019,49(3)
Teak plantation productivity and economic value have risen significantly since 2000; however, teak dieback syndrome in commercial plantations is becoming worse every year. We isolated, characterized and identified the causal agents of teak dieback, based on morphological characteristics in culture and DNA sequencing. The pathogenicity of Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Fusarium proliferatum (separate and together) was confirmed in inoculations of teak elite genotypes, fulfilling Koch's postulates. To our knowledge, this is the first report of L. theobromae and F. proliferatumcausing teak dieback syndrome in Costa Rica. 相似文献
10.
This paper investigates the profitability of cloned teak seedlings among small-scale farmers in the Canton of Hojancha in Costa Rica. A survey was conducted among small-scale farmers to explore their opinions regarding tree breeding. Most respondents considered that the use of improved seedling material is profitable and their willingness to plant clones in the future was high. The net present value of teak plantations at a 5% discount rate was estimated to be USD 12,330, USD 12,814, USD 14,284 and USD 14,308 per hectare for four non-genetically modified seedling plantations. According to a sensitivity analysis, the profitability of a teak plantation based on non-genetically modified seedlings is more sensitive to changes in timber prices than to changes in silvicultural costs. Investment in clone planting appears potentially highly profitable. With interest rates of 5 and 3%, it was profitable to plant clones if only 1% of genetic gain in volume was achieved and if the price of the clones was not greater than 50% of non-genetically modified seedlings. 相似文献
11.
《Forest Ecology and Management》1998,108(3):215-222
Seedling anatomy and cross sectional discs of 8- and 12-year-old (juvenile) teak trees were examined for tree ring analysis and determination of environmental factors responsible for false ring formation in teak. Based on the anatomy and location within the true annual rings, four types of false rings were identified. The results from both cross-dating of plantation grown trees and controlled experiments, including induced drought, showed that rainfall during dry period, drought during active growing season, (container) polybag/field transplantation of seedlings and juvenility are the important causative factors of frequent false rings in teak. No definite relationship could be established between insect defoliation and the incidence of false rings. False ring formation in teak appears to be mainly a resultant feature of tree ring responses to different environmental and physical factors. 相似文献
12.
Determination of site quality is a basic tool for proper selection of locations and species, in management of forest plantations.Throughout the Caribbean studies of site quality are few and are hampered by statistical limitations, inappropriate growth models, and limited data. We fitted growth curves for dominant height to evaluate and classify site quality of teak (Tectona grandis) plantations by using data from 44 permanent sample plots established since 1990 in 3 22 years old teak plantations in the Colombian Caribbean region. We used Korf’s and von Bertalanffy’s models to fit curves as nonlinear effects models. Both models, with a single random parameter, were considered as adequate for dominant height growth modelling, but Korf’s model was superior. There sulting curves were anamorphic and closely reflected high variability insite quality. Five site classes were clarified: at a base age of 12 years old,teak reached a mean dominant height of 24.8 m on the best sites, 9.8 m inthe worst sites, and in the averages sites, 15.8-18.8 m. Using this model,we identified the best and the worst sites for teak plantations in the Caribbean region. This model proved a useful tool, not only for site quality evaluation, but also for improved teak plantation planning and management. 相似文献
13.
Red Sanders (RS, Pterocarpus santalinus L.) is an endangered timber tree species endemic to southern India. Using stakeholders' perceptions, this study evaluates the existing restricted RS wood trade and provides insights for developing a sustainable trade policy by involving private landowners as a strategy for improving its conservation in the wild. Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats–Analytic Hierarchy Process framework was used to analyze perceptions of four stakeholder groups (Administrators, Landowners, Traders, and Knowledgeable Sources). There was a consensus among the stakeholders that the challenges for sustainable RS wood trade outweigh the positive features. High price of RS wood and availability of niche international market were seen as the most important Strengths. Long gestation crop (+ 40 years), lack of Incentives, small land holdings, administrative complexities, and competition from commercial agriculture crops were identified as the main challenges. Results indicate that before proceeding with an imminent policy change, it is important to address the major challenges. These results provide a basis to prioritize and address the existing challenges and reinforce the positive features of RS wood trade. A sustainable wood trade policy formulated by incorporating stakeholders' perceptions may help in improving the conservation status of this endangered species. 相似文献
14.
《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2013,32(3-4):63-76
Abstract An experiment was conducted in forest college campus, Mettupalayam, India with an objective of studying the influence of microbial inoculants on seedling growth of teak. The fruits were collected from the seed production area in top slip (Tamil Nadu) from 63-year mother trees. The microbial inoculants viz., Azospirillum, Azotobacter, phosphobacteria, AMF, Azospirillum + AMF, Azotobacter+ AMF, phosphobacteria + AMF and an uninoculated control formed the treatments. The inoculants were mixed sand and red soil at 1:1:3 ratio, respectively, for preparing nursery mixture for filling the poly pots. The seeds were sown into the poly pots @ two seeds per pot. The experiment was set up in a randomized Block Design with three replications. Biometric observations on various growth attributes were recorded six months after treatment and also their survival in the main field-tested for one year. Azotobacter gave best performance with respect to shoot length, shoot weight and leaf area and combined inoculation of phosphobacteria and AMF gave higher root length and biomass, dry matter production and fine root weight. The survival was better in seedlings that were inoculated with phosphobacteria and AMF. However, below ground biomass and out planting survival during early phase are critical in any tree species. Hence it is concluded that inoculation of phosphobacteria and AMF conjointly be done for better survival and growth of teak seedlings. 相似文献
15.
16.
Carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC: 4.2.1.1) activity in teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) was studied to determine its characteristics, kinetics and isozyme patterns. We also investigated effects of leaf age, plant age and genotype on CA activity and gas exchange parameters. Carbonic anhydrase extracted from leaves in 12 mM veronal buffer, pH 7.8, had a K(m) for CO(2) of 15.20 mM and a V(max) of 35,448 U mg(-1) chlorophyll min(-1), which values declined by 50 and 70%, respectively, after 1 week of storage at 4 degrees C. A 15% native polyacrylamide gel revealed the absence of CA isozymes in teak, with only a single CA band of 45 kD molecular mass observed across 10 segregating half-sib families and groups of trees ranging in age from 10 to 25 years. Activity remained stable during the first month in storage at 0 degrees C, but gradually declined to 25% of the initial value after 1 year in storage. During the period of active growth (February-May), maximal CA activity was observed in fully expanded and illuminated leaves. Significant variation was observed in CA activity across 10 1-year-old half-sib families and 21 5-year-old half-sib families. There was a positive correlation between CA activity and photosynthetic rate in a population of 10-year-old trees (P < 0.005). Positive correlations between CA activity and photosynthetic rate were found in 10 of 21 5-year-old half-sib families (P < 0.005 to P < 0.05), which showed greater diversity in CA activity than in photosynthetic characteristics. Thus, CA may serve as a biochemical marker for photosynthetic capacity in teak genotypes. 相似文献
17.
After years of unsustainable logging, dry deciduous dipterocarp forest (DDDF) has become poor in timber stocks and has been converted to industrial crops such as rubber. The objectives of this study were to assess teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) tree establishment under degraded DDDF conditions and to determine factors that influence the suitability of teak as a forest enrichment tree species. A set of 64 experimental plots of 4 900 m2 each was set up and observed for 4–5 years for testing enrichment planting with teak under various combinations of two groups of factors: ecological conditions and forest status. Weighted, non-linear, multivariate regression models were used to detect key factors that influenced the suitability of teak. The results showed that at the age of 4 years the average dominant tree height (defined as 20% of the tallest trees in the experimental plot) reached 11.2, 7.8, 5.3 and 3.8 m for very good, good, average and poor suitability levels, respectively. Survival rates of planted teak from average to very good suitability levels were over 90%. Six key factors that affected the suitability of teak were waterlogging during the rainy season, altitude, stand volume of the degraded DDDF, soil type, percentage of sand and concentration of P2O5 in the soil. Under the extreme ecological and environmental conditions of the DDDF, enrichment planting with teak gave promising results. 相似文献
18.
【目的】柚木在阳光照射下由浅棕色转变成金黄色从而变得更加珍贵,对柚木光变色机理的研究可以增加柚木的商品价值,也是建立木材材色调控技术方法的基础,本文旨在探讨溶剂抽提对柚木光变色的影响。【方法】采用溶剂水、乙醇、乙酸乙酯、氯仿、苯、石油醚、苯-乙醇混合物(1:1、2:1、4:1、9:1)对柚木试样进行抽提,探究溶剂极性对柚木试样的色差的影响,然后再对抽提完的试样进行氙光光照处理,通过色差的分析探究不同溶剂抽提对柚木光诱导变色的影响。【结果】1)混合溶剂苯-乙醇抽提后抽提物溶液的颜色最深,极性溶剂抽提出的显色物质含量较多。2)柚木试样经抽提后可以增加柚木的明度色品指数L^*,尤其是2:1的混合溶剂苯-乙醇抽提后L^*增大最为显著,抽提的更完全。3)光照苯-乙醇抽提后的柚木试样,其红绿色品指数a^*增加较少,说明苯-乙醇抽提物是主要柚木试样呈现红色的物质基础。4)苯-乙醇抽提后b^*值减小较多抽提试样光照后b^*值反而增加较多,这表明苯-乙醇抽提掉的物质有可能就是木质素,木质素部分被苯-乙醇混合溶剂抽提出来,抽提后光照作用下木质素更容易降解呈现出更多的黄色。【结论】溶剂抽提处理和光照处理,对柚木材色都有显著的影响。不仅苯-乙醇混合溶剂抽提处理对柚木材色影响较多,而且苯-乙醇混合溶剂抽提试样在进一步光照处理后材色变化也很大,其中2:1的苯-乙醇溶剂是最为合适的用于研究柚木光变色成分变化的溶剂。 相似文献
19.
Victor O. Dania Olugbenga A. Osunlaja David O. Igwe 《Journal of Sustainable Forestry》2020,39(5):461-476
ABSTRACT Leaf blight is an important disease of teak which reduces photosynthetic rate and ultimate timber yield in infected trees. Symptomatic leaf samples were randomly collected from three forest reserves, Onigambari, Olokemeji and Omo in Southwest Nigeria. Genomic DNA from the samples was extracted using Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) method and amplified with Inter Simple-Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers to evaluate genetic diversity. Dendrogram analysis using UPMA procedure separated the accessions into 12 major groups with bootstrap values ranging from 51 to 62. The constructed dendogram showed that accessions from Onigambari forest reserve were genetically similar to those from the two other reserves. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the first, second and third axes accounted for 79.19%, 85.41%, and 88.11%, respectively, of the total molecular variation. All the four ISSR markers showed 100% polymorphism which induced the amplification of 48 alleles across the 39 teak accessions evaluated. Polymorphic information content (PIC) obtained from ISSR markers ranged from 0.6038 to 0.8886, while genetic diversity varied from 0.6288 to 0.8947. The inter-population genetic diversity and allelic richness observed in the study could be employed in breeding for resistance against leaf blight disease of teak. 相似文献