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1.
新疆核桃根际土壤中解钾菌的分离筛选及鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为给核桃专用微生物肥的研制提供菌株材料,通过对解钾菌的分离纯化,筛选对新疆核桃根际土壤具有解钾作用且能在其根际稳定定殖的优质高效菌株。结果表明:从阿克苏、和田、喀什3个新疆核桃主产区的根际土壤中分离出解钾菌27株;采用火焰光度计法对其解钾能力进行测定,选出解钾菌16株;经耐利福平诱导后剩余14株;将其进行大田定殖试验后,最终筛选出10株解钾能力较强的菌株。经16S r DNA进行鉴定,得出这10株解钾菌归属于3个属。分别为假单胞菌属Pseudomonas、芽孢杆菌属Bacillus、微杆菌属Microbacterium,其中假单胞菌属为优势种属。 相似文献
2.
为给核桃专用微生物肥的研制提供菌株材料,通过对新疆核桃根际土壤中解磷菌的分离纯化,筛选出对核桃树具有促生作用且能在其根际稳定定殖的优质高效解磷菌株。从阿克苏、和田、喀什等新疆核桃主产区的根际土壤中分离出解磷菌54株,采用溶磷圈初筛法和液体摇瓶复筛法对其解磷能力进行测定,筛选出解磷能力强的菌株14株。经耐利福平诱导后剩余13株,再进行大田定殖试验,最终筛选出11株解磷菌。经16S r DNA鉴定,得出这11株解磷菌归属于5个属,分别为假单胞菌属Pseudomonas,葡萄球菌属Staphylococcus,动性杆菌属Planomicrobium,微杆菌属Microbacterium,不动杆菌属Acinetobacter,其中,假单胞菌属为优势种群且解磷效果最好。 相似文献
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4.
《林业科学》2021,(3)
【目的】探究荧光假单胞菌菌株JW-JS1的溶磷能力及其在杨树根际和菌根际的定殖动态,揭示菌株的溶磷机制并进一步阐明溶磷细菌与外生菌根真菌的互作机制,为杨树专用复合菌剂的开发与应用提供理论依据。【方法】通过液体培养试验分析荧光假单胞菌菌株JW-JS1培养液可溶性磷含量、p H和可滴定酸含量的变化,采用高效液相色谱(HPLC)法测定有机酸种类和含量,利用抗利福平标记法筛选稳定的标记菌株,运用灌根法研究其在杨树根际和菌根际的定殖动态。【结果】1) JW-JS1菌株培养液可溶性磷含量随接种时间延长逐渐增加,培养液pH与可溶性磷含量呈极显著负相关(r=-0.889~(**)),可滴定酸含量与可溶性磷含量呈极显著正相关(r=0.958~(**));2) JW-JS1菌株分泌的总有机酸量(434.39 mg·L~(-1))明显高于CK (25.94 mg·L~(-1))(P0.05),共检测出草酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、顺丁烯二酸和反丁烯二酸5种有机酸,其中,草酸含量(273.69 mg·L~(-1))明显高于其他种类有机酸,约占总有机酸量的63.01%;3)筛选出含有300μg·mL~(-1)利福平抗性的标记菌株JW-JS1~(Rif),与原始菌株相比,其菌落形态和溶磷能力均未发生明显变化(P0.05);4)标记菌株在杨树根际和菌根际均能长期稳定存活并保持一定的定殖数量,随接种时间延长定殖数量呈下降趋势,定殖动态基本一致,其中,接种50天后定殖数量分别为5.2×10~4和4.5×10~4cfu·g~(-1)。【结论】荧光假单胞菌菌株JW-JS1的溶磷能力与培养液pH、可滴定酸含量和有机酸密切相关,特别是菌株分泌的草酸可能在溶磷过程中发挥重要作用。荧光假单胞菌菌株JW-JS1在杨树根际和菌根际均能长期稳定存活并保持一定的定殖数量。荧光假单胞菌菌株JW-JS1与红绒盖牛肝菌Xc是构建杨树专用功能复合微生物肥料的理想材料。 相似文献
5.
《内蒙古林业科技》2016,(1)
用阿须贝培养基对内蒙古赤峰市4个地点的5种树木根际土壤样品中的固氮菌进行分离、提纯,共获得116株固氮菌株,基于16S r DNA序列最大相似性进行了分析鉴定。结果表明:红山区落叶松根际土壤中的固氮菌共有6个属,以芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)和类芽孢杆菌属(Paenibacillus elgii)为主;松山区樟子松根际土壤中的固氮菌共有8个属,以节细菌属(Arthrobacter)和链霉菌属(Streptomyces)为主。旺业甸落叶松根际土壤中的固氮菌共有6个属,以芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)和根癌土壤杆菌属(Agrobacterium tumefaciens)为主;旺业甸白桦根际土壤中的固氮菌共有4个属,假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)为主。红山区白皮松根际土壤中的固氮菌共有5个属,以假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)和芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)为主。新城区白皮松根际土壤中的固氮菌共有10个属,以假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)和类芽孢杆菌属(Paenibacillus elgii)为主。从固氮菌种群分布看,新城区白皮松根际土壤中固氮菌种群分布最为广泛,从中分离的19株固氮菌分布在10个属内;节细菌属(Arthrobacter)固氮菌分布最为广泛,存在5种树种的根际土壤中。 相似文献
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7.
【目的】探究桉树非培养内生细菌的激活,为应用内生细菌防治桉树青枯病提供参考。【方法】选用恶臭假单胞杆菌WCS358r、荧光假单胞杆菌WCS374r及其嗜铁素缺失突变体JM218和Mut2,荧光假单胞杆菌WCS417r及其脂多糖缺失突变体WCS417OA-(B4)作为外源激活菌株,在限菌系统中采用尾叶桉无菌实生苗与外源菌共培养方法,外源菌作为激活因子对桉树非培养内生细菌进行激活,使植物体内非培养内生细菌恢复可培养状态,并依次利用抗利福平检测、革兰氏染色反应和分子鉴定方法对分离到的内生细菌进行鉴定。【结果】3种外源菌WCS358r、WCS374r和WCS417r分别与同源同代桉树苗共培养后,WCS358r和WCS417r处理的桉树苗中均获得被激活的细菌。WCS358r可定殖于桉树体内,且在不同部位激活出2株解淀粉芽孢杆菌;WCS417r可在桉树根、茎和叶内定殖,且在根和茎内的定殖量显著高于叶片,但不能激活桉树体内的非培养内生细菌。不同种子桉树苗经WCS358r激活后,分离到的菌株种类存在差异,分别激活出链霉菌、苏云金杆菌、解淀粉芽孢杆菌和其他芽孢杆菌,且WCS358r在根、茎内的定殖量表现... 相似文献
8.
杨树腐烂病拮抗细菌的筛选及其定殖研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
通过平板对峙培养,从1 013株分离于杨树干部的拮抗细菌中筛选出13株对杨树腐烂病病原菌(Valsa sordida)有较强拮抗作用的菌株;再结合发酵液的生长抑菌率测定,进一步筛选出了抑菌作用最强的JK-SH007和JK-SX001两株拮抗细菌.两拮抗菌株定殖的研究结果表明,JK-SH007、JK-SX001对杨树腐烂病病原菌的生长及孢子萌发具有较好的抑制作用,而对宿主无毒害作用,具有内生性,能在杨树体内较长期定殖,且对宿主具有显著的促生作用. 相似文献
9.
《中南林业科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2020,(10)
【目的】以水曲柳促生细菌(蜡样芽胞杆菌SQL0164)为研究对象,揭示菌株SQL0164在水曲柳根部定殖的动态变化规律,明确其与定殖相关的生物学性状。【方法】梯度稀释法分离纯化细菌菌株;灌根接种细菌分离物至苗期水曲柳植株,筛选促生效果显著的菌株;通过16S rRNA基因序列系统发育分析与生理生化反应鉴定促生菌株SQL0164的分类学地位;采用平板菌落计数与扫描电镜确定菌株SQL0164在水曲柳根表的定殖量与定殖位点;在不同培养基中观测菌株SQL0164形成的生物膜形态,采用结晶紫染色法对生物膜进行定量;离体条件下,检测菌株SQL0164的运动性。【结果】筛选出对水曲柳促生效果显著的菌株SQL0164,与对照相比,经菌株SQL0164处理21 d的水曲柳幼苗的鲜质量和株高分别增加了51.2%与15.4%;经鉴定,菌株SQL0164为蜡样芽胞杆菌;菌株SQL0164能够通过形成微菌落定殖于水曲柳根表皮细胞表面,且在水曲柳根表的定殖量随着寄主的生长呈现逐渐增加的趋势;菌株SQL0164在0.1×TSB、0.1×LB、MSGG以及0.5×NB培养基中能够形成致密的漂浮型生物膜,在LBGM培养基中培养72 h后,菌株SQL0164形成的潜底型生物膜的生物量最高;菌株SQL0164的菌落分别于接种后8.5 h和24 h遍布整个swimming与swarmming平板,显示出该菌株具有显著的运动能力。【结论】蜡样芽胞杆菌SQL0164能够显著促进苗期水曲柳植株的生长,该菌株能够通过形成微菌落稳定定殖于水曲柳根表皮细胞表面,且其定殖量随着寄主的生长呈现逐渐增加的趋势,离体条件下,菌株SQL0164表现出显著的生物膜形成能力与运动能力。 相似文献
10.
采用组织分离法和稀释平板法对西南桦猝倒病发生区健康苗木组织、根际土壤及咖啡壳堆肥化基质进行菌种分离和分子鉴定。将分离获得的17株菌株与西南桦苗木猝倒病病原菌尖孢镰刀菌和腐皮镰刀菌进行平板对峙实验,筛选病原拮抗菌。结果表明,筛选出的真菌5#、7#及细菌BJ、JCl对西南桦苗木猝倒病原菌尖孢镰刀菌和腐皮镰刀菌具有较强抑制效果。其中真菌5#和7#的抑菌率分别为91．30％和90．12％;细菌BJ和JCl抑菌带较宽,对峙4天分别达0．4cm和0．5cm,抑菌率分别为80．4％和78．6％,且BJ抑菌效果更好;真菌与细菌比较,拈抗真菌5#和7#比拮抗细菌BJ和JCl抑制热区西南桦苗木猝倒病菌效果更好。通过对峙实验筛选出的5#、7#、BJ和JCl拮抗菌,对热区防治苗木猝倒病及生防制剂的开发应用具有参考价值。 相似文献
11.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
12.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
13.
Contour hedgerows of multipurpose tree species in the sloping tea lands of Sri Lanka are expected to reduce soil erosion and
also add significant amounts of plant nutrients to the soil via periodic prunings. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the biomass decomposition pattern and quantify the
amount of nutrients added through prunings of six tree species (Calliandra calothyrsus, Senna spectabilis, Euphatorium innulifolium, Flemingia congesta, Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia) currently being used in hedgerows associated with tea. Withered leaf and stem prunings (50 g) were enclosed in 2-mm litter
bags, placed at 5-cm depth and retrieved after one, three, six, nine and 12 weeks. Loss of initial dry weight, N, P and K
was measured. Single exponential decay function adequately described both dry weight and nutrient loss. Tree species differed
significantly in their rate of breakdown with decomposition constants (k) varying from 0.0299 to 0.2006 week−1 for leaves and from 0.0225 to 0.0633 week−1 for stems. Gliricidia showed the highest k for leaves with the rest in the following descending order: Senna > Tithonia ≥ Euphatorium > Calliandra > Flemingia. A similar pattern was observed for loss of all nutrients with Calliandra and Flemingia always having lower k values than the rest. Although N immobilization was not observed, immobilization of P and K was observed
during the first week of incubation in some species, particularly in stem prunings. Annual biomass of prunings differed significantly
between tree species in the following descending order: Calliandra > Senna > Flemingia > Tithonia > Gliricidia > Euphatorium. Calliandra added the greatest amount of nutrients annually to the soil with Euphatorium adding the least. Calliandra prunings provided the annual total K requirement and 49% of the N requirement of mature tea. However, none of the species
provided more than 5% of the P requirement. It is concluded that among the tree species tested, Calliandra and Flemingia are the most suitable for contour hedgerows in tea plantations of this agroclimatic region because of their higher soil nutrient
enrichment capacity and slower decomposition rates which would minimize leaching losses.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
14.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):118-130
The effects of seed weight and seed type on seedling growth of Pinus sylvestris (L.) were studied by seeding individually weighed orchard and stand seed in different mixtures under harsh (direct seeding in field) and optimal (seeding in nursery) conditions. In the nursery experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased the seedling height by 10-27% and total weight by 27-113%, and decreased the height/diameter ratio by 5-6% after 2 yrs. With elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 2% taller than stand seedlings in year 2. Without elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller. In the field experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased seedling height by 18-65%, stem volume by 81-274% and the number of top-buds by 23-34% in year 5. After elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller than stand seedlings and without elimination of seed weight effects 20-21% taller after 5 yrs. Even after elimination of both seed weight and genetic effects orchard seedlings were 3-9% larger than stand seedlings in the field experiment. In conclusion, the influence of seed weight and seed type on growth traits and slenderness is highly significant and the influence seems to be greater in harsh conditions. 相似文献
15.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
16.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
17.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
18.
Astra Zaluma Lauma Bruna Darta Klavina Natalija Burnevica Kristine Kenigsvalde Andis Lazdins Talis Gaitnieks 《Forest Pathology》2019,49(6)
Heterobasidion parviporum and Heterobasidion annosum are widely distributed root‐rot fungi that infect conifers throughout Europe. Infection of conifer stumps by spores of these pathogens can be controlled by treating fresh stumps with a competing non‐pathogenic fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea. In this study, growth of three Latvian strains of P. gigantea and the biological control agent ‘Rotstop’ strain was evaluated in stem pieces of Norway spruce, Scots pine, lodgepole pine, Douglas‐fir, Weymouth pine, Siberian larch and Sitka spruce. The growth rates of one H. parviporum and one H. annosum isolate were also measured in the same stem pieces. The growth rate of P. gigantea varied greatly in wood of different conifer species. It was higher in the three pine species, lower in Norway spruce and lowest in Sitka spruce and Siberian larch, and in Douglas‐fir, this fungus did not grow. The largest area of wood occupied by P. gigantea was in lodgepole pine. Growth of Latvian isolates of P. gigantea in the wood of Pinus and Picea species was comparable to that of the Rotstop isolate. Consequently, stump treatment with local P. gigantea isolates should be recommended. However, our results suggest that Douglas‐fir stump treatment against Heterobasidion by P. gigantea may be ineffective and other stump treatment methods should be considered. 相似文献
19.
Steven Maranz Amadou Niang Antoine Kalinganire Djeneba Konaté Bocary Kaya 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(3):231-239
Baobab leaves form an important part of the local diet in Sahel countries and elsewhere in Africa. Existing leaf nutritional
data and agroforestry performance information are based solely on Adansonia digitata L., the baobab of continental Africa. The introduction potential of Adansonia species from the center of diversity in Madagascar and from Australia remains untapped. To assess this potential, the mineral
contents and B1 and B2 vitamin levels of dried baobab leaves were determined for five-year old trees of A. digitata, A. gibbosa (A. Cunn.) Guymer ex D. Baum, A. rubrostipa Jum. & H. Perrier (syn. A. fony Baill.), A. perrieri Capuron and A. za Baill. grown in an introduction trial in Mali. Nutritional data were evaluated against survival and vigor to identify promising
germplasm. Leaf vitamin and crude protein contents were highest in the Madagascar species, especially A. rubrostipa (B1 88 mg 100 g−1, B2 187 mg 100 g−1, protein 20.7% dry weight). However, the local species far outperformed the introductions in survival, tree height, basal
diameter and resistance to termites. We suggest grafting as a way of harnessing the vigor of well-adapted local baobab varieties
to the superior nutritional profiles of A. rubrostipa and others. Cross-species grafting tests in Adansonia were successful, thus creating new agroforestry possibilities with different scion/rootstock combinations. 相似文献
20.
《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(2):76-84
Abstract Wood in general and wooden studs in particular are often distorted owing to uneven shrinkage during the drying process in the sawmill. Twist is often the most detrimental of all types of distortion, and it is caused by spiral grain in combination with variations in moisture content. For sawmills, the objective is to produce dried, straight boards, and one method of dealing with boards with excessive spiral grain is to sort them out and then dry them in a pretwisted position to obtain straight boards after drying. A model using the finite element (FE) method for the simulation of drying twist distortions was first calibrated against laboratory experiments in which boards were dried with and without restraints and pretwists. After the calibration, the FE results were compared with industrial test results for boards that were dried without restraints or with restraints with zero pretwist, i.e. straight restraints. The FE model used an elastic–ideally plastic material model to obtain permanent deformations. The calibration was to set the yield stresses so that there was a good match between FE results and results from the laboratory experiments. The comparison between the industrial test results and the FE results showed that the FE model is capable of realistic simulations of drying boards with and without restraints and presumably also pretwists. 相似文献