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1.
在新疆吉木萨尔林木良种试验站肉苁蓉繁育基地,以接种肉苁蓉并采收肉苁蓉种子的寄主梭梭(处理A)和未接种成功的即没有被肉苁蓉寄生的梭梭(CK)为调查对象,分别测定其树高、地径、冠幅、生物量和根系;同时,对处理A和CK以及接种成功但肉苁蓉尚未出土的梭梭(处理B)当年生枝的生长量进行定期连续测定。结果表明：处理A的梭梭树高、地径和冠幅,普遍小于CK,且个体间差异较大;总生物量比CK减少了49．29％,其中当年生枝、2年生以上活枝、主干、根系分别降低了22．6％、9．6％、2．2％、15．6％,但枯枝的生物量却高出1倍之多,表现出衰弱的态势;梭梭被肉苁蓉寄生以后,细根所占比例较高,这可能是梭梭为了维持生存和供给肉苁蓉营养采取的一种生态对策,当年生枝的生长却受到一定程度的抑制。 相似文献
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高温对银杏品种主要生理指标的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
由于受全球气候变化的影响,近年来我国一些地区出现了异常高温天气,这越来越引起林业工作者的重视.以采集于我国银杏主产区12个银杏栽培品种种子所育1a生幼苗为试材,人工气候室模拟高温胁迫,在对叶片生理指标(相对电导率、叶绿素含量、含水量、自由水/束缚水、净光合速率、蒸腾速率)测定的基础上,对其抗热性进行了综合评价.结果表明:高温胁迫下银杏叶片相对电导率上升,叶片相对含水量、净光合速率、蒸腾速率、自由水/束缚水下降,叶绿素含量变化不一.应用模糊数学中的隶属函数值法,选用45℃高温胁迫下,叶片相对电导率、叶片含水量、束缚水和自由水含量比值、蒸腾速率、净光合速率5个抗性鉴定指标,对12个银杏栽培品种幼苗的抗热性进行了综合评价,初步筛选出抗热性排名前6位的银杏品系为:37号、32号、10号、31号、41号、21号. 相似文献
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白梭梭同化枝对干旱胁迫的生理生态响应 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
对白梭梭同化枝自然水分胁迫下的季节抗旱特征进行研究。结果表明:自然干旱胁迫条件下,不同生长发育时期同化枝的主导抗旱生理因子不同。5月31日至6月29日盛花期间,同化枝内源ABA含量甚微,气孔导度值与光合强度处于生长发育过程的最高水平,可溶性糖含量呈现下降趋势,而脯氨酸含量略有增加,植物通过渗透调节作用适应此阶段轻度干旱胁迫;6月29日至7月26日盛夏期间,ABA迅速积累,气孔导度值降为生长发育过程的最低值,叶绿素分解,可溶性糖与脯氨酸均呈现快速积累趋势,且可溶性糖积累强度大于脯氨酸;8月9日至8月22日同化枝生长发育后期,ABA急剧积累为生长发育过程的最高浓度,气孔导度值有所增大,脯氨酸和可溶性糖保持在高水平平稳变化。此阶段高浓度ABA调节植物生理过程适应干旱的效应受CTK、IAA两种内源激素的抑制,进而抑制脯氨酸和可溶性糖的继续积累。 相似文献
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自然降温过程中云锦杜鹃抗寒适应性研究——水分、渗透调节物的动态变化与低温半致死温度的关系 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
以云锦杜鹃为材料,研究了其叶片低温半致死温度与水分和渗透调节物随气温下降的变化。结果表明,低温半致死温度降低的同时,叶片相对含水量、自由水和淀粉含量下降,束缚水、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白质和脯氨酸含量增加。这些物质的适应性变化导致低温半致死温度的下降是抗寒性提高的生理基础。 相似文献
6.
采用盆栽控水试验,对沙地樟子松、紫穗槐苗木在不同水分条件下叶水势、叶绿素、脯氨酸、丙二醛(MDA)和相对电导率等生理指标进行测定。结果表明:随着水分胁迫的加剧,樟子松和紫穗槐水势均呈递减的趋势。樟子松在轻度水分胁迫(土壤含水量为田间最大持水量的65%)时,叶绿素a、叶绿素b和叶绿素总量有所升高,而后又逐渐下降;严重水分胁迫(土壤含水量为田间最大持水量的35%)时,叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素总量分别为0.50、0.16、0.66 mg·g-1。紫穗槐叶绿素a、叶绿素b和叶绿素总量随着水分胁迫的加剧逐渐减低,严重水分胁迫时,紫穗槐叶绿素a、叶绿素b、叶绿素总量最低,分别比正常水分(土壤含水量为田间最大持水量的80%)时下降了1.61、0.35、1.96 mg·g-1;樟子松和紫穗槐脯氨酸、丙二醛(MDA)含量和相对电导率随着干旱胁迫强度的增加而增加。综合结果表明,樟子松抗旱性比紫穗槐强。 相似文献
7.
观赏山楂叶片耐热性生理指标研究初探 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在对观赏山楂10个品种高温胁迫下叶片生理指标(相对电导率、叶绿素含量、相对含水量、脯氨酸含量、丙二醛含量和SOD活性)测定的基础上,对其耐热性进行了综合评价。结果表明:高温胁迫下,供试观赏山楂品种叶片的相对电导率上升,脯氨酸、丙二醛含量增加,SOD活性升高,相对含水量下降,叶绿素含量变化不一;且各指标之间存在一定的相关性。结合田间观测,观赏山楂10个品种耐热性大致可聚类为3个级别,即1级(相对耐热):摩登山楂‘托巴’、毛山楂和阿尔泰山楂;2级(中等耐热):华盛顿山楂和英国山楂‘红云;’3级(相对敏感):红蕊山楂、英国山楂‘红保罗’、绿山楂‘冬国王’、鸡矩山楂以及俄罗斯山楂。 相似文献
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研究落羽杉与池杉幼苗对常规水分处理(C)、轻度干旱(MD)、土壤潮湿(WS)以及水淹(FL)等不同水分处理的生理响应特性。与对照组相比,2树种幼苗在轻度干旱与水淹处理条件下叶片自由水含量显著提高,而束缚水含量则显著降低。2树种幼苗在潮湿处理组的叶片自由水与束缚水含量均未出现低于对照组的现象。轻度干旱、土壤潮湿与水淹处理均未导致2树种叶片电导率与丙二醛含量的显著变化(池杉水淹条件下叶片的丙二醛含量变化例外)。水淹处理能显著增加2树种幼苗叶片的可溶性糖含量,同时降低其脯氨酸含量。轻度干旱与潮湿处理能显著增加落羽杉而降低池杉幼苗叶片的脯氨酸含量。尽管同属的2树种幼苗表现出较多相似的响应特征,二者对不同水分逆境胁迫条件的响应仍然存在许多差异。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
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Contour hedgerows of multipurpose tree species in the sloping tea lands of Sri Lanka are expected to reduce soil erosion and
also add significant amounts of plant nutrients to the soil via periodic prunings. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the biomass decomposition pattern and quantify the
amount of nutrients added through prunings of six tree species (Calliandra calothyrsus, Senna spectabilis, Euphatorium innulifolium, Flemingia congesta, Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia) currently being used in hedgerows associated with tea. Withered leaf and stem prunings (50 g) were enclosed in 2-mm litter
bags, placed at 5-cm depth and retrieved after one, three, six, nine and 12 weeks. Loss of initial dry weight, N, P and K
was measured. Single exponential decay function adequately described both dry weight and nutrient loss. Tree species differed
significantly in their rate of breakdown with decomposition constants (k) varying from 0.0299 to 0.2006 week−1 for leaves and from 0.0225 to 0.0633 week−1 for stems. Gliricidia showed the highest k for leaves with the rest in the following descending order: Senna > Tithonia ≥ Euphatorium > Calliandra > Flemingia. A similar pattern was observed for loss of all nutrients with Calliandra and Flemingia always having lower k values than the rest. Although N immobilization was not observed, immobilization of P and K was observed
during the first week of incubation in some species, particularly in stem prunings. Annual biomass of prunings differed significantly
between tree species in the following descending order: Calliandra > Senna > Flemingia > Tithonia > Gliricidia > Euphatorium. Calliandra added the greatest amount of nutrients annually to the soil with Euphatorium adding the least. Calliandra prunings provided the annual total K requirement and 49% of the N requirement of mature tea. However, none of the species
provided more than 5% of the P requirement. It is concluded that among the tree species tested, Calliandra and Flemingia are the most suitable for contour hedgerows in tea plantations of this agroclimatic region because of their higher soil nutrient
enrichment capacity and slower decomposition rates which would minimize leaching losses.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):118-130
The effects of seed weight and seed type on seedling growth of Pinus sylvestris (L.) were studied by seeding individually weighed orchard and stand seed in different mixtures under harsh (direct seeding in field) and optimal (seeding in nursery) conditions. In the nursery experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased the seedling height by 10-27% and total weight by 27-113%, and decreased the height/diameter ratio by 5-6% after 2 yrs. With elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 2% taller than stand seedlings in year 2. Without elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller. In the field experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased seedling height by 18-65%, stem volume by 81-274% and the number of top-buds by 23-34% in year 5. After elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller than stand seedlings and without elimination of seed weight effects 20-21% taller after 5 yrs. Even after elimination of both seed weight and genetic effects orchard seedlings were 3-9% larger than stand seedlings in the field experiment. In conclusion, the influence of seed weight and seed type on growth traits and slenderness is highly significant and the influence seems to be greater in harsh conditions. 相似文献
17.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
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Astra Zaluma Lauma Bruna Darta Klavina Natalija Burnevica Kristine Kenigsvalde Andis Lazdins Talis Gaitnieks 《Forest Pathology》2019,49(6)
Heterobasidion parviporum and Heterobasidion annosum are widely distributed root‐rot fungi that infect conifers throughout Europe. Infection of conifer stumps by spores of these pathogens can be controlled by treating fresh stumps with a competing non‐pathogenic fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea. In this study, growth of three Latvian strains of P. gigantea and the biological control agent ‘Rotstop’ strain was evaluated in stem pieces of Norway spruce, Scots pine, lodgepole pine, Douglas‐fir, Weymouth pine, Siberian larch and Sitka spruce. The growth rates of one H. parviporum and one H. annosum isolate were also measured in the same stem pieces. The growth rate of P. gigantea varied greatly in wood of different conifer species. It was higher in the three pine species, lower in Norway spruce and lowest in Sitka spruce and Siberian larch, and in Douglas‐fir, this fungus did not grow. The largest area of wood occupied by P. gigantea was in lodgepole pine. Growth of Latvian isolates of P. gigantea in the wood of Pinus and Picea species was comparable to that of the Rotstop isolate. Consequently, stump treatment with local P. gigantea isolates should be recommended. However, our results suggest that Douglas‐fir stump treatment against Heterobasidion by P. gigantea may be ineffective and other stump treatment methods should be considered. 相似文献
19.
Steven Maranz Amadou Niang Antoine Kalinganire Djeneba Konaté Bocary Kaya 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(3):231-239
Baobab leaves form an important part of the local diet in Sahel countries and elsewhere in Africa. Existing leaf nutritional
data and agroforestry performance information are based solely on Adansonia digitata L., the baobab of continental Africa. The introduction potential of Adansonia species from the center of diversity in Madagascar and from Australia remains untapped. To assess this potential, the mineral
contents and B1 and B2 vitamin levels of dried baobab leaves were determined for five-year old trees of A. digitata, A. gibbosa (A. Cunn.) Guymer ex D. Baum, A. rubrostipa Jum. & H. Perrier (syn. A. fony Baill.), A. perrieri Capuron and A. za Baill. grown in an introduction trial in Mali. Nutritional data were evaluated against survival and vigor to identify promising
germplasm. Leaf vitamin and crude protein contents were highest in the Madagascar species, especially A. rubrostipa (B1 88 mg 100 g−1, B2 187 mg 100 g−1, protein 20.7% dry weight). However, the local species far outperformed the introductions in survival, tree height, basal
diameter and resistance to termites. We suggest grafting as a way of harnessing the vigor of well-adapted local baobab varieties
to the superior nutritional profiles of A. rubrostipa and others. Cross-species grafting tests in Adansonia were successful, thus creating new agroforestry possibilities with different scion/rootstock combinations. 相似文献
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《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(2):76-84
Abstract Wood in general and wooden studs in particular are often distorted owing to uneven shrinkage during the drying process in the sawmill. Twist is often the most detrimental of all types of distortion, and it is caused by spiral grain in combination with variations in moisture content. For sawmills, the objective is to produce dried, straight boards, and one method of dealing with boards with excessive spiral grain is to sort them out and then dry them in a pretwisted position to obtain straight boards after drying. A model using the finite element (FE) method for the simulation of drying twist distortions was first calibrated against laboratory experiments in which boards were dried with and without restraints and pretwists. After the calibration, the FE results were compared with industrial test results for boards that were dried without restraints or with restraints with zero pretwist, i.e. straight restraints. The FE model used an elastic–ideally plastic material model to obtain permanent deformations. The calibration was to set the yield stresses so that there was a good match between FE results and results from the laboratory experiments. The comparison between the industrial test results and the FE results showed that the FE model is capable of realistic simulations of drying boards with and without restraints and presumably also pretwists. 相似文献