共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
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近年,军工、民用的制革者反映,橡椀栲胶用于少浴速鞣中,应努力改进其渗透、结合和抗热性能。提高渗透速度,可以扩大橡椀用量,代替一部分杨梅栲胶;增进抗热性能,可以提高军用革质量。采用化学改性方法,在橡椀栲胶生产过程中,添加适量的氨基苯磺酸(Sulfa-nilic acid),以降低栲胶粘度,增进胶粒分散性,使鞣液透入裸皮速度得到改善。但在鞣制中,随改性栲胶用量的增加,成革的耐潮热稳定性下降。为了既有利于渗透,又有利于抗温和结合,经选用氨基苯磺酸与四硼酸钠混合处理后,收到明显效果。试验证明:在军用水牛肉底革鞣制工艺条件下,证明两种改性橡椀栲胶(5-1,5-2型)的渗透速度和成革耐潮热性比普通橡椀有明显的提高。在水牛肉底革初鞣阶段代替33％杨梅栲胶,可以满足军用水牛肉底革植鞣工艺要求。 相似文献
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保水剂的吸水和保水特性研究 总被引：16，自引：1，他引：16
保水剂的吸水和保水特性的研究结果表明，保水剂在去离子水、蒸馏水、泥水中的吸水倍率分别为300倍、192倍、130倍。保水剂的吸水能力随溶液中盐浓度的升高而下降，当盐浓度超过0．5％以上时，保水剂的吸水能力不再下降；在相同的离子浓度下，保水剂在含Ca^(2 )离子溶液中的吸水能力低于含K^ 离子的溶液。溶剂的pH值为7时，保水剂的吸水倍率最大；其pH值小于或大于7都会使保水剂的吸水能力下降。土壤中掺保水剂可以有效地抑制土壤中的水分蒸发，使土壤的总蒸发量下降2．94％～9．36％，致使土壤含水率在实验末期比对照增加20．1％～69．5％。保水剂用量越大，效果越好。 相似文献
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脱铝超稳Y分子筛催化α-蒎烯水合反应研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
研究了脱铝超稳Y分子筛（DUSY）对α蒎烯水合反应的催化作用。考察了催化剂硅铝比、溶剂、投料比及催化剂用量等因素的影响规律。结果表明，以硅铝比较高的DUSY－5为催化剂，醋酸作溶剂，于70℃下反应7h，α－蒎烯转化率为95．04％，加成反应总选择性为60．59％，α－菘油醇的选择性达35．51％。 相似文献
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阳离子单宁-聚铝复合絮凝剂处理高有机物含量废水的研究 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
37％甲醛溶液40mL，33％二甲胺水溶液80mL，室温下反应1．5h得预反应液。落叶松栲胶54．7g，60℃下与预反应液100mL反应2．5h，骤冷至室温，用氯化铵和盐酸的混合溶液调反应液pn值至4．5～5．0，继续反应1h。所得产物(CAT)与聚合氯化铝(PAC)混合反应得到复合絮凝剂，最佳反应条件为：CAT：PAC为1：4(质量比)，反应温度30℃，反应时间1h。所得复合絮凝剂适用于室温下处理酸性高有机物含量废水，絮凝剂投加量100mg/L。可过滤态CODcr去除率可达60％以上，色度去除率70％以上，浊度去除率80％以上。 相似文献
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毛杨梅树皮提取物中的主要成分为局部梧酰化的聚原翠雀定，具有比原花青定抗氧化活性更强的化学结构特征。本研究以水为提取剂，通过强化提取、絮凝沉降、溶剂萃取、吸附分离等手段从树皮中提取分离得到产物，并经花色素反应定性和IR谱图鉴别。用凝胶渗透色谱法（GPC）和蒸汽渗透压法（VPO）测定产物的相对分子质量（Mr）及其分布，产物中95％以上组分的数均相对分子质量（Mn）为1705（相当于聚合度4-5），其余组分的Mn为798。用化学法测定目标产物分子中C-3的掊酰化度为38％。生物活性功能测定结果表明，目标产物能明显抑制油脂过氧化；络合Fe^2＋金属离子能力为181mg／g；1mg目标产物对1，1-二苯基-2-苦基肼（DPPH）自由基的清除速率为0．23mg／min，清除率为92％（试验浓度：产物与DPPH质量比为1：1．8），强于马尾松树皮原花色素试样。初步研究结果表明，毛杨梅树皮提取物可望进一步开发成为新型天然抗氧化及自由基清除荆。 相似文献
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《技术与市场》2001,1(1):14
９９１１３３６３．３市场上普通涂料都以石棉为基料。石棉材质虽然具保温功能，但其内存在致癌物和放射物，对人体健康造成危害，只能耐６００℃高温，普遍存在有毒、保温性差、耐久性差、密封性差、热量损失大等缺点，因而大多数产品局限在低温、中温条件下使用，其防火性能较差，目前国家已逐步禁止用石棉作内墙体保温材料，因此急需一种新型替代产品。一种无石棉无机防火绝热保温且隔音的无机墙体保温涂料已研制成功，并已获国家专利，它的技术方案以及配方是：（下列材料按重量份数比计）改性水玻璃（模数３．５）３０份，聚丙烯酰胺０．１份～０．２份，赫硅粉（含二氧化硅９９％）１５份～２５份，钙化棉（硅酸铝棉用氧化钙加工而成）５０份～７５份，珍珠岩２０份～３０份，轻质碳酸钙５份～７份，水适量。其生产工艺步骤为：１．聚丙烯酰胺加水４００份，浸泡１小时使之成为粘稠溶液，备用；２．赫硅粉、钙化棉、珍珠岩、轻质碳酸钙进行混合搅拌，然后加入聚丙烯酰胺溶液进行搅拌充分３０分钟；３．最后加入改性水玻璃，继续搅拌均匀，即可。（改性水玻璃加入３％增水剂、２％偶联剂进行充分搅拌１小时左右）该保温涂料的各种化合物的固体含量：二氧化硅７５％、三氧化二铝３０％、轻质碳酸钙７... 相似文献
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对超临界二氧化碳萃取（SCDE）技术从菌陈蒿中提取黄酮类化合物进行了研究。运用L16（4^5）正交表比较系统地研究了萃取压力、萃取温度、CO2流量、萃取时间以及夹带剂用量对萃取效果的影响，并重点探讨了夹带剂种类和pH值对黄酮类化合物提取率的影响，提取液以NaNO2-Al（NO3）-NaOH显色用分光光度法测定含量。研究表明：与溶剂提取法相比，SCDE法具有操作简单，提取率高，后续分离易于进行、品质较高等特点；100g原料，当pH值为9～10的70％乙醇做夹带剂，用量600mL、萃取压力30MPa、萃取温度55℃，Co2流量20L/h、萃取时间150min时，菌陈蒿总黄酮的提取率最高，为3．875％。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
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Contour hedgerows of multipurpose tree species in the sloping tea lands of Sri Lanka are expected to reduce soil erosion and
also add significant amounts of plant nutrients to the soil via periodic prunings. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the biomass decomposition pattern and quantify the
amount of nutrients added through prunings of six tree species (Calliandra calothyrsus, Senna spectabilis, Euphatorium innulifolium, Flemingia congesta, Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia) currently being used in hedgerows associated with tea. Withered leaf and stem prunings (50 g) were enclosed in 2-mm litter
bags, placed at 5-cm depth and retrieved after one, three, six, nine and 12 weeks. Loss of initial dry weight, N, P and K
was measured. Single exponential decay function adequately described both dry weight and nutrient loss. Tree species differed
significantly in their rate of breakdown with decomposition constants (k) varying from 0.0299 to 0.2006 week−1 for leaves and from 0.0225 to 0.0633 week−1 for stems. Gliricidia showed the highest k for leaves with the rest in the following descending order: Senna > Tithonia ≥ Euphatorium > Calliandra > Flemingia. A similar pattern was observed for loss of all nutrients with Calliandra and Flemingia always having lower k values than the rest. Although N immobilization was not observed, immobilization of P and K was observed
during the first week of incubation in some species, particularly in stem prunings. Annual biomass of prunings differed significantly
between tree species in the following descending order: Calliandra > Senna > Flemingia > Tithonia > Gliricidia > Euphatorium. Calliandra added the greatest amount of nutrients annually to the soil with Euphatorium adding the least. Calliandra prunings provided the annual total K requirement and 49% of the N requirement of mature tea. However, none of the species
provided more than 5% of the P requirement. It is concluded that among the tree species tested, Calliandra and Flemingia are the most suitable for contour hedgerows in tea plantations of this agroclimatic region because of their higher soil nutrient
enrichment capacity and slower decomposition rates which would minimize leaching losses.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):118-130
The effects of seed weight and seed type on seedling growth of Pinus sylvestris (L.) were studied by seeding individually weighed orchard and stand seed in different mixtures under harsh (direct seeding in field) and optimal (seeding in nursery) conditions. In the nursery experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased the seedling height by 10-27% and total weight by 27-113%, and decreased the height/diameter ratio by 5-6% after 2 yrs. With elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 2% taller than stand seedlings in year 2. Without elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller. In the field experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased seedling height by 18-65%, stem volume by 81-274% and the number of top-buds by 23-34% in year 5. After elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller than stand seedlings and without elimination of seed weight effects 20-21% taller after 5 yrs. Even after elimination of both seed weight and genetic effects orchard seedlings were 3-9% larger than stand seedlings in the field experiment. In conclusion, the influence of seed weight and seed type on growth traits and slenderness is highly significant and the influence seems to be greater in harsh conditions. 相似文献
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Steven Maranz Amadou Niang Antoine Kalinganire Djeneba Konaté Bocary Kaya 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(3):231-239
Baobab leaves form an important part of the local diet in Sahel countries and elsewhere in Africa. Existing leaf nutritional
data and agroforestry performance information are based solely on Adansonia digitata L., the baobab of continental Africa. The introduction potential of Adansonia species from the center of diversity in Madagascar and from Australia remains untapped. To assess this potential, the mineral
contents and B1 and B2 vitamin levels of dried baobab leaves were determined for five-year old trees of A. digitata, A. gibbosa (A. Cunn.) Guymer ex D. Baum, A. rubrostipa Jum. & H. Perrier (syn. A. fony Baill.), A. perrieri Capuron and A. za Baill. grown in an introduction trial in Mali. Nutritional data were evaluated against survival and vigor to identify promising
germplasm. Leaf vitamin and crude protein contents were highest in the Madagascar species, especially A. rubrostipa (B1 88 mg 100 g−1, B2 187 mg 100 g−1, protein 20.7% dry weight). However, the local species far outperformed the introductions in survival, tree height, basal
diameter and resistance to termites. We suggest grafting as a way of harnessing the vigor of well-adapted local baobab varieties
to the superior nutritional profiles of A. rubrostipa and others. Cross-species grafting tests in Adansonia were successful, thus creating new agroforestry possibilities with different scion/rootstock combinations. 相似文献
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《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(2):76-84
Abstract Wood in general and wooden studs in particular are often distorted owing to uneven shrinkage during the drying process in the sawmill. Twist is often the most detrimental of all types of distortion, and it is caused by spiral grain in combination with variations in moisture content. For sawmills, the objective is to produce dried, straight boards, and one method of dealing with boards with excessive spiral grain is to sort them out and then dry them in a pretwisted position to obtain straight boards after drying. A model using the finite element (FE) method for the simulation of drying twist distortions was first calibrated against laboratory experiments in which boards were dried with and without restraints and pretwists. After the calibration, the FE results were compared with industrial test results for boards that were dried without restraints or with restraints with zero pretwist, i.e. straight restraints. The FE model used an elastic–ideally plastic material model to obtain permanent deformations. The calibration was to set the yield stresses so that there was a good match between FE results and results from the laboratory experiments. The comparison between the industrial test results and the FE results showed that the FE model is capable of realistic simulations of drying boards with and without restraints and presumably also pretwists. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
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本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
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Astra Zaluma Lauma Bruna Darta Klavina Natalija Burnevica Kristine Kenigsvalde Andis Lazdins Talis Gaitnieks 《Forest Pathology》2019,49(6)
Heterobasidion parviporum and Heterobasidion annosum are widely distributed root‐rot fungi that infect conifers throughout Europe. Infection of conifer stumps by spores of these pathogens can be controlled by treating fresh stumps with a competing non‐pathogenic fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea. In this study, growth of three Latvian strains of P. gigantea and the biological control agent ‘Rotstop’ strain was evaluated in stem pieces of Norway spruce, Scots pine, lodgepole pine, Douglas‐fir, Weymouth pine, Siberian larch and Sitka spruce. The growth rates of one H. parviporum and one H. annosum isolate were also measured in the same stem pieces. The growth rate of P. gigantea varied greatly in wood of different conifer species. It was higher in the three pine species, lower in Norway spruce and lowest in Sitka spruce and Siberian larch, and in Douglas‐fir, this fungus did not grow. The largest area of wood occupied by P. gigantea was in lodgepole pine. Growth of Latvian isolates of P. gigantea in the wood of Pinus and Picea species was comparable to that of the Rotstop isolate. Consequently, stump treatment with local P. gigantea isolates should be recommended. However, our results suggest that Douglas‐fir stump treatment against Heterobasidion by P. gigantea may be ineffective and other stump treatment methods should be considered. 相似文献