共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 265 毫秒
1.
2.
研究了从天竺桂叶中提取精油的方法,并对其精油的成分进行分析。以天竺桂叶为研究材料,用水上水蒸汽蒸馏法提取天竺桂精油,并用GC-MS(气相色谱-质谱联用技术)对其组成成分进行分析。结果表明:提取时间以4 h为宜,精油得率为0.42 mL/100 g;天竺桂叶精油中鉴定出了57种物质,相对含量最高的成分为2-羟基-1,7,7-三甲基降冰片烯(18.55%),其它依次为(-)-柠檬烯(7.68%)、乙酸冰片酯(7.55%)、l-石竹烯(7.34%)等。 相似文献
3.
采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取油橄榄树叶的挥发油,利用GC-MS分析了其组成成分,并利用"Y"型嗅觉仪测试陈齿爪鳃金龟对油橄榄树叶挥发油的趋向反应。结果表明,油橄榄树叶挥发性物质中含有58个化合物,其中萜烯类化合物主要有β-石竹烯(14.29%)、α-芹子烯(13.13%)、β-芹子烯(10.15%)和α-石竹烯(6.60%),脂肪族化合物主要为3-己烯-1-醇(5.03%)、橙花叔醇(6.72%)、壬醛(2.27%)和苯乙醛(5.61%)等。陈齿爪鳃金龟雌、雄虫对油橄榄树叶挥发物都表现出明显的趋向反应,在较高测试浓度(100、10μL.mL-1)下,雌虫对油橄榄树叶挥发性物质的趋向反应显著大于雄虫。 相似文献
4.
《林业工程学报》2021,(3)
选择6种不同化学类型的墨西哥柏木植株,水蒸气蒸馏法对奇数月的柏木鲜叶进行精油提取,采用气质联用仪鉴定精油的化学成分,比较不同化学类型精油得率和成分的变化,研究墨西哥柏木精油含量及组成随季节变化的规律。结果表明:柠檬型精油11月得率最高(0.57%),(+)-柠檬烯质量分数为38.16%;石竹烯型精油11月得率为次高(0.43%),其中β-石竹烯质量分数为22.48%;蒎烯型精油9月得率最高(0.42%),(+)-α-蒎烯质量分数为33.68%;依兰型精油11月精油得率和cis-依兰油-二烯质量分数均最高,分别为0.51%和30.28%;桧烯型精油11月得率最高(0.22%),桧烯的质量分数为31.61%;香紫苏型精油最高得率在11月为0.27%,香紫苏醇的质量分数为15.56%。研究表明,秋冬季节是精油储备和成分累积的主要时间段,柠檬型、石竹烯型、依兰型、桧烯型、香紫苏型11月份更适宜采收,蒎烯型在9月适宜采收。确定了墨西哥柏木在不同月份的精油含量和成分变化规律,为墨西哥柏木精油高效利用与开发提供科学依据。 相似文献
5.
6.
以岭南特色果木-龙眼木为材料,采用蒸馏法提取其木质精油,得到淡黄色油状液体,得率为0.54mL/100g。采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪(GC-MS)分析测定了龙眼木木质精油中的挥发性成分,共鉴定出13种化合物,占精油中化合物的相对含量为94.72%,其中相对含量较高的有石竹烯(31.44%)、α-蒎烯(17.91%)、α-律草烯(11.9%)等烯类化合物以及4,7-二甲基-1-异丙基1,2,4a,5,8,8a-六氢萘(17.55%)等其它化合物,烯类化合物相对含量占比达到74.67%以上。精油中不但含有石竹烯等香料成分,还发现含有抗癌、抑菌等生物活性成分β-榄香烯、α-蒎烯、荜澄茄油烯、人参炔醇等。 相似文献
7.
应用GC-MS技术对福建产的含笑叶、花挥发油成分进行分离鉴定。从含笑叶挥发油中鉴定出35种成分,占色谱峰总面积的90.83%,其主要成分为β-榄香烯(29.82%)、石竹烯(11.87%)、Elixene(8.39%)、γ-榄香烯(7.26%)和(Z)-5,11,14,17-二十碳四烯酸甲酯(5.70%);从含笑花挥发油中鉴定出23种成分,占色谱峰总面积的94.53%,其主要成分为β-榄香烯(41.08%)、(Z)-5,11,14,17-二十碳四烯酸甲酯(14.56%)、石竹烯(9.53%)、Elixene(7.31%)和大根香叶烯D(5.43%)。试验结果表明,含笑叶、花挥发油组分较为相似,且都含有丰富的抗肿瘤活性成分β-榄香烯,具有较高的药用价值,值得进一步研究并开发利用。 相似文献
8.
采用GC-MS技术分析了从松树不同部位所得精油的化学成分,并利用提取的精油进行了抗菌活性实验。结果表明,松针、松枝和球果部位精油得率分别为0.40%、0.26%、0.05%,精油主要化学成分由α-蒎烯、莰烯、β-蒎烯、α-异品油烯等萜烯类化合物组成。所得精油溶液对金黄色葡萄球菌抗菌活性显著,且随着精油溶液浓度的提高,其抗菌活性增强。菌种接种5d后,5%精油溶液试样的抗菌活性为81.8%。 相似文献
9.
为给鸭儿芹的综合利用提供科学依据,以鸭儿芹茎、叶为原料,采用水蒸气蒸馏法提取鸭儿芹精油,利用气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)对鸭儿芹精油成分进行了分析,利用DPPH、ABTS自由基清除能力试验与FRAP试验及打孔法抑菌试验对其精油的抗氧化抗菌活性进行了分析。结果表明:(1)精油成分方面,从鸭儿芹精油中共分离出32个峰,占总离子峰的93.75%,共鉴定出30种化合物,其主要成分分别为α-芹子烯(42.01%)、β-芹子烯(19.86%)、(Z)-β-金合欢烯(12.76%)、镰叶芹醇(4.16%)、α-没药醇(3.93%)等;(2)抗氧化能力方面,当鸭儿芹精油浓度由19μg/m L上升到38μg/m L时,DPPH反应液中Trolox的当量由0.003μmol上升到0.007μmol,ABTS反应液中Trolox的当量由0.069μmol上升到0.074μmol,FRAP反应液中Trolox的当量由0.225μmol上升到0.280μmol,当精油浓度在一定范围内,其DPPH清除能力、ABTS自由基清除能力及铁离子还原抗氧化能力与其浓度间均呈量效关系,且均呈正相关效应,表明鸭儿芹精油具有良好的抗氧化能力;(3)抗菌活性方面,当鸭儿芹精油浓度为1 280 mg/m L时,金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌圈直径可达7.05 mm,表现出一定的抑菌活性,且其对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌效果显著优于其对大肠杆菌的抑菌效果。 相似文献
10.
11.
首先利用组织透明法对春秋两季油樟叶中油细胞进行形态观察,统计油细胞密度和直径,利用扫描电镜(SEM)进一步观察油细胞的细胞壁结构;其次对春秋两季油樟叶进行油樟精油的提取,利用GC-MS鉴定油樟精油的化学成分,利用GC分析了1,8-桉叶素、α-松油醇和γ-松油烯3种主要成分的含量;最后对油樟精油的抗氧化活性进行检测。研究结果表明:春季和秋季油樟叶片的油细胞密度分别为(41±3)和(38±2)个/mm^2,油细胞直径分别为(51.87±1.64)和(36.89±2.64)μm,细胞壁厚度分别为1.65和0.63μm;春季和秋季油樟叶的精油提取得率分别为4.45%和3.09%(以干质量计),GC-MS表征鉴定出16个化合物,3种主成分的含量没有显著性差异;春秋两季的油樟精油总抗氧化能力分别为6.50和5.50U/mL,达到Vc的40%,清除DPPH自由基的半数抑制质量浓度(IC50)均为0.2g/L。 相似文献
12.
The components of the essential oils from seeds of Azadirachta indica, Azadirachta siamensis, and Azadi-rachta excelsa were studied by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The main components of A. indica oil were hexadecanoic acid (34.0%), oleic acid (15.7%), 5,6-dihydro-2,4,6-triethyl-(4H)-1,3,5-dithiazine (11.7%), methyl oleate (3.8%), and eudesm-7(11)-en-4-ol (2.7%). The major components of A. siamensis oil were hexadecanoic acid (52.2%), tricosane (10.5%), tetradecanoic acid (6.8%), oleic acid (4.9%), and pentacosane (4.9%). Azadirachta excelsa oil contained oleic acid (31.3%), hexadecanoic acid (14.2%), octadecanoic acid (13.0%), 4-octylphenol (9.7%), and O-methyloximedecanal (6.8%) as the main constituents. The essential oils from A. indica, A. siamensis, and A. excelsa were found to contain fatty acids (52.6%–72.3%) as major components. The minor components of the oils were n-alkanes, aromatics, esters, sulfur and nitrogen compounds, and terpenoids. Differences in oil composition were observed between the three species. 相似文献
13.
竹叶挥发油化学成分及其抗氧化特性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用水蒸气蒸馏法从黄金间碧竹、孝顺竹、毛竹和麻竹4种竹叶中提取挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对4种竹叶挥发油化学成分进行分析和鉴定,共获得168个色谱峰,鉴定其中132种化学成分,并运用气相色谱面积归一化法确定各组分的相对含量;以TBHQ为对照品,采用DPPH法研究4种竹叶挥发油对自由基的清除作用.结果表明:采用水蒸气蒸馏法黄金间碧竹竹叶挥发油的得率最高(0.827%),而毛竹竹叶挥发油的得率仅为0.391%.4种竹叶挥发油的化学成分在含量和组成上不同,竹叶挥发油主要化学成分是3-甲基-2-丁醇,麻竹竹叶挥发油含量最高达到46.25%;其他主要化学成分有4-乙烯基-2-甲氧基-苯酚、己-2-烯醛、橙花叔醇、植物醇、苯乙醛、天竺葵醛、植酮、二氢猕猴桃内酯和异植物醇.4种竹叶挥发油均有较强的抗氧化活性,竹叶挥发油的抗氧化活性与挥发油的浓度呈正相关(r=0.91),其中黄金间碧竹竹叶挥发油的抗氧化活性最强(IC50=2.705mg·mL-1),孝顺竹竹叶挥发油抗氧化活性较低(IC50=3.442mg·mL-1).综合研究结果表明,竹叶挥发油具有较高的应用价值,可作为食品和药品的功能性组分进一步开发和利用. 相似文献
14.
采用气相色谱-质谱法对不同化学类型樟树叶精油组成进行分析,对比4种樟树叶精油的成分差异;采用DPPH、ABTS、FRAP法对樟树叶精油的体外抗氧化活性进行评价,并使用丁基羟基茴香(BHA)作为阳性对照。研究结果表明:4种类型樟树叶精油共检测出46种主要化学成分,其中,异樟叶精油检测出35种化学成分,主要成分异橙花叔醇为29.48%;芳樟叶精油检测出33种成分,主要成分芳樟醇为71.91%;脑樟叶精油检测出33种化学成分,主要成分樟脑为46.28%;油樟叶精油中共检测出33种化学成分,主要成分1,8-桉叶油素为30.31%。4种樟树叶精油均具有一定的抗氧化活性,且随着精油浓度增加抗氧化能力增强,但其抗氧化能力均低于BHA。其中,脑樟叶精油的DPPH自由基清除能力及Fe 3+还原能力最强,当质量浓度为8 g/L时,脑樟叶精油的DPPH自由基清除率为30.34%±1.25%,FRAP值为(1.44±0.13)mmol/L;而异樟叶精油的ABTS自由基清除能力最强,当质量浓度为8 g/L时,异樟叶精油的ABTS自由基清除率为14.93%±2.32%。 相似文献
15.
【目的】分析不同种源北美香柏和北美乔柏叶挥发油成分的组成及相对含量,为进一步合理开发和利用崖柏属植物资源提供理论依据。【方法】以大小相同、长势一致的健康2年生幼苗为材料,通过固相微萃取技术(SPME)提取幼苗相同位置新叶中的挥发性成分,利用气相色谱质谱联用(GC-MS)进行分离与鉴定,采用质谱进行定性,并通过峰面积归一化法求得各挥发成分的相对含量。【结果】不同种源北美乔柏和北美香柏幼苗叶挥发油中共鉴别出156种成分,北美乔柏鉴定出74种,北美香柏鉴定出95种。北美乔柏和北美香柏叶挥发性成分均以单萜类化合物为主,北美乔柏的平均相对含量(80.258%)高于北美香柏(69.445%),而倍半萜类及其他萜类化合物相对含量相反。两树种挥发油成分组成差异明显,不同种源北美乔柏幼苗特有成分27种,北美香柏35种; 10个种源共有成分仅6种且含量差异显著,共有成分分别为α-崖柏酮、γ-松油烯、(8β,13β)-13-methyl-17-Norkaur-15-ene、α,α-4-三甲基-3-环己烯-1-甲醇乙酸酯、石竹烯和棕榈酸甲酯。北美乔柏和北美香柏的主要成分差异明显,相同主成分仅有α-崖柏酮和β-水芹烯,但两树种均以α-崖柏酮含量最高。【结论】不同种源北美乔柏和北美香柏挥发性成分组成和含量差异明显,但两树种均以α-崖柏酮含量最高。 相似文献
16.
The chemical composition of the essential oil obtained from Grindelia robusta aerial parts from central Italy was analyzed by GC and GC/MS and 45 components were identified. Borneol (15.2%), alpha pinene (10.3%), trans-pinocarveol (7.0%), bornyl acetate (4.5%), limonene (4.3%) were the main components. The antioxidant activity of the essential oil was evaluated using the DPPH and 5-lipoxygenase tests. 相似文献
17.
Kazuya Tsuruta Yayoi Yoshida Norihisa Kusumoto Nobuhiro Sekine Tatsuya Ashitani Koetsu Takahashi 《Journal of Wood Science》2011,57(6):520-525
The growth inhibition activities of essential oils obtained from Cryptomeria japonica, Chamaecyparis obtusa, and Pinus thunbergii were examined against the bacillariophyceae Skeletonema costatum, also known as red tide plankton. The essential oils were extracted from the heartwood, leaves, and bark of these typical
indigenous Japanese conifers. The essential oils from C. japonica bark and P. thunbergii heartwood possessed strong growth inhibition activity. The chemical compositions of these essential oils were analyzed by
gas chromatography/flame ionization detection (GC-FID) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC-MS). α-Terpineol and longifolene were the main components of the essential oil from P. thunbergii heartwood. The C. japonica bark essential oil was mainly composed of α-terpineol, δ-cadinene, isophyllocladene, and ferruginol. Ferruginol and longifolene showed more potent growth inhibition against S. costatum than hinokitiol (β-thujaplicine), which is known to be a strong antifungal compound among wood components. Ferruginol and longifolene were important
factors for the growth inhibition activity of the essential oils from C. japonica bark and P. thunbergii heartwood, respectively. These results suggest the possibility of using C. japonica bark and P. thunbergii heartwood for the control of red tide plankton. 相似文献
18.
19.
The present study examined the chemical composition, in vitro antioxidant, anti-hyaluronidase and antifungal activities of essential oils of Melaleuca leucadendron Linn. from Gundih-Central Java, Indonesia in different plant ages of 5, 10 and 15 years old. The Chemical composition of essential oils were analyzed by GC/MS. Twenty-six components were identified, of which 1,8-cineole (49.22–55.04 %), α-terpineol (8.79–10.70 %), d-limonene (5.58–6.39 %), and β-caryophyllene (5.03–7.64 %) were the main compounds in these oils. The antioxidant assay and anti-hyaluronidase assay showed that M. leucadendron leaf oils possess mild antioxidant activity with IC50 between 7.21 and 9.23 mg/ml and anti-hyaluronidase activity with IC50 between 1.94 and 3.03 mg/ml. The antifungal assay showed the effectiveness of these essential oils against Fomitopsis palustris (IC50 0.12–3.16 mg/ml), Trametes versicolor (IC50 0.01–0.06 mg/ml), Cladosporium cladosporioides (IC50 0.03–0.49 mg/ml), and Chaetomium globosum (IC50 0.06–0.15 mg/ml). 相似文献
20.
We isolated the essential oils from Boswellia ovalifoliolata N.P.Balakr and A.N.Henry using hydrodistillation, identified the obtained compounds using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and studied the photophysical and electrochemical properties using UV–visible and fluorescence spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. On the basis of GC–MS spectra, 38 compounds were identified in the essential oil from leaves and 26 in the oil from bark. The bark oil contained 13.44% β-Farnesene (sesquiterpene), 10.45% caryophyllene oxide (sesquiterpene) and 6.6% spathulenol, (2Z,6E)-(sesquiterpene alcohol); the leaf oil contained 11.1% spathulenol (sesquiterpene alcohol), 9.0% caryophyllene oxide (sesquiterpenoids) and 6.3% decyl acetate (ester). FT-IR spectra confirmed the presence of aliphatic aldehydes and ketones, carboxylic acid, alcohols, esters and ethers in both oil types. UV–visible absorption spectra showed maximum absorbance at 245, 290 and 402 nm for bark oil, and 250, 285 and 325 nm for leaf. Bark oil showed strong emission with maximum emission wavelength at 456 nm was higher than that of leaf oil at 414 nm. The essential oil had significant anti-inflammatory activity, and the reduction potential of the leaf oil was ?0.44 and ?0.56 eV for bark. 相似文献