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1.
以勐腊县为研究区,基于Terra SAR-X卫星的全极化SAR数据以及谷歌高清卫星影像图,对橡胶林的后向散射系数以及其纹理特征进行提取分析,采用决策树分类方法对勐腊县的橡胶林进行分类识别。研究结果表明:全极化Terra SAR数据的HH、HV、VH、VV的后向散射及其之间的计算是构建决策树算法,实现森林、农用地、水体和城市建设用地分类的重要基础;橡胶林作为一种特殊的人工林,其具有固定的行株距以及特有的纹理特征,能把橡胶林和天然林更好地区分开;利用结合SAR数据后向散射及光学图像纹理特征的决策树分类方法对橡胶林进行提取,总体精度为87.6%,Kappa系数为0.81,橡胶林的生产者精度和用户精度均达到90%以上。 相似文献
2.
【目的】利用多极化星载SAR数据,分析后向散射强度比值影像的概率密度分布特征,融合后向散射强度信息和影像空间上下文信息,提出一种具有较高检测正确率及较低虚警率和漏警率的森林覆盖变化检测方法,为多极化SAR卫星数据的业务化应用提供技术支撑。【方法】将"2期分别分类森林覆盖变化检测法"(CBFC)与"贝叶斯最大期望-马尔科夫随机场(EM-MRF)变化检测法"相结合,首先采用阈值分割法分别对2期多极化SAR影像进行森林-非森林分类得到初始森林覆盖变化图,然后以初始森林覆盖变化图作为训练数据对多极化比值影像进行Fisher特征变换和EM-MRF分类处理,2个时相的HH、HV极化比值影像经Fisher特征变换转化为一个综合差异影像,输入EM-MRF进行迭代分类得到森林覆盖变化检测结果。以黑龙江省逊克县为试验区,以2期ALOSPALSAR双极化数据为SAR遥感数据,以对2期Landsat-5影像、高空间分辨率遥感影像进行目视解译得到的森林覆盖变化图为参考,对本研究提出方法的有效性与CBFC方法及直接用CBFC提取的森林覆盖变化检测图掩膜EM-MRF地表覆盖变化检测图方法(CBFC-EM-MRF)进行比较评价。【结果】通过Fisher特征变换得到的差异影像可有效增强森林覆盖变化、未变化类别的对比度;CBFC通过阈值分割法进行森林-非森林分类,提取的森林覆盖变化图中出现很多面积很小的虚警检测,漏警率也很高,而本研究提出方法通过MRF加入影像空间上下文信息,提高了检测结果的空间连贯性,森林覆盖变化检测虚警率为1.58%,漏警率为11.87%,正确率为98.36%,检测效果和精度明显优于CBFC和CBFC-EM-MRF。【结论】多极化星载SAR森林覆盖变化检测方法具有收敛性好、检测结果可信度高、需要用户交互较少等特点,对我国高分三号及未来其他多极化SAR卫星的森林资源监测业务应用具有重要参考价值。 相似文献
3.
遥感数据的判读应用不可避免地要受到云和云阴影的干扰,这导致影像中地物信息不完整,给后续影像解译和处理带来障碍。采用最佳波段指数方法筛选出经过预处理的Hyperion高光谱影像最佳波段组合,达到波段去相关、信息含量最大并减少运算量的目的。基于不同地物类型的光谱曲线,采用随机森林算法提取Hyperion影像中云和云阴影信息,建立相应的掩模。研究结果表明,基于经验阈值的决策树分类精度达96.36%,随机森林算法的分类精度达98.86%,Kappa系数为0.951 2,具有更好的分类效果。利用随机森林算法建立高光谱影像云和云阴影掩模,由于随机森林算法是建立在多个决策树分类器结果基础上,避免了单一决策树分类器带来的误分类现象,较好地去除了云和云阴影对遥感解译的影响。 相似文献
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5.
利用面向对象分类技术,对同一区域同一数据源的高分辨率遥感影像采用了分类前比较及分类后处理两种变化检测方法进行对比分析,结果表明分类后处理的变化检测方法在现阶段的森林植被变化检测中具有较高的提取精度,可用于森林动态变化监测、自然灾害评估等工作。 相似文献
6.
谭宽祥 《中南林业调查规划》1995,14(3):40-43
本文根据森林资源调查的要求和陆地卫星ＴＭ影像的特点，详细阐述了森林类型及其他土地利用类型的影像特征，同时还评估了此次森林资源卫星遥感调查中ＴＭ影像的特点及应用效果。 相似文献
7.
基于监督分类和非监督分类方法相结合的混合分类方法在森林非森林的识别方面有很好的识别效果，探讨了一种遥感混合分类算法(Iterative Guided Spectral Class Rejection)。首先对IGSCR的算法理论进行了阐述，然后利用IGSCR分类算法对同一地区多时相遥感影像进行复合的影像进行森林分类实验。通过与最大似然法的对比实验表明，IGSCR分类方法将非监督分类方法所具有的自动对具有相同光谱特征类别进行集群的能力，辅助于训练样本的获取，可以有效降低因人工判断类别光谱纯度不准确而引起的类别样本光谱混杂问题，因此能在一定程度上提高分类精度，改善分类效果。 相似文献
8.
为实现湿地植被的精细分类和高精度制图,为湿地管理部门提供准确的决策依据,以美国加州萨克拉门托—圣华金水域的典型湿地植被为研究对象,以高光谱影像为数据源,结合野外GPS采样点,对典型湿地植被的光谱反射率作一阶导数和二阶导数处理,基于均值置信区间原理筛选特征波段,基于单因素分析法筛选能够明显区分植被类型的植被指数。联合特征波段和植被指数构建特征集,利用机器学习C5.0决策树生成知识规则并提取湿地植被信息。结果表明,基于机器学习C5.0决策树的湿地植被提取总体精度为80.09%,Kappa系数为0.792,与最大似然法比较,总体精度提升10.79%,Kappa系数提升0.105,说明基于机器学习的C5.0决策树法能够实现植被的精细分类,方法切实可行。 相似文献
9.
《中南林业调查规划》2017,(3)
以北京市西山试验林场为研究区域,利用Worldview—2影像构建各树种的光谱特征、地形特征、植被指数特征、纹理特征以及形态特征,建立关于山地森林树种识别的知识。采用基于像元和面向对象的方法进行树种识别分类。在基于像元的分类方法中,选择决策树分类和支持向量机分类;在面向对象的分类方法中,选择基于边缘检测的方法分割影像,用最近邻法分类。决策树分类的总体分类精度为65.62%,Kappa系数为0.588 9;支持向量机分类的总体分类精度为62.42%,Kappa系数为0.552 8;面向对象的分类方法总体分类精度为64.27%,Kappa系数为0.580 2。 相似文献
10.
应用阿尔及利亚森林火灾数据，通过Spark MLlib中的决策树算法，提出过滤相关性高的特征参数提升模型性能，对森林火灾进行预测研究。对温度、风速、雨及加拿大森林火险气候指数（FWI）系统中主要指标等特征参数，结合森林火灾的分类情况，使用信息增益标准为Gini的二叉决策树，建立基于决策树的火灾预测模型，对样本数据进行分类预测；提出分析不同特征参数之间的相关性，剔除相关性高的特征参数，利用大数据计算框架Spark建立机器学习工作流，将计算相关性的皮尔森系数与决策树分类算法结合了起来，从而优化模型，提高预测分类精度。预测模型改进前，即未进行相关性分析的森林火灾预测分类总精度为94.94%；预测模型改进后，即进行相关性分析，剔除了相关性较高的特征参数数据，森林火灾预测分类总精度为97.17%，准确率提高了近3%。使用Spark MLlib中的机器学习算法在森林火灾预测分类方面准确率总体较高，尤其在将多种数据挖掘算法结合后，模型性能得到提高，预测分类精度更高。 相似文献
11.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
12.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
13.
Contour hedgerows of multipurpose tree species in the sloping tea lands of Sri Lanka are expected to reduce soil erosion and
also add significant amounts of plant nutrients to the soil via periodic prunings. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the biomass decomposition pattern and quantify the
amount of nutrients added through prunings of six tree species (Calliandra calothyrsus, Senna spectabilis, Euphatorium innulifolium, Flemingia congesta, Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia) currently being used in hedgerows associated with tea. Withered leaf and stem prunings (50 g) were enclosed in 2-mm litter
bags, placed at 5-cm depth and retrieved after one, three, six, nine and 12 weeks. Loss of initial dry weight, N, P and K
was measured. Single exponential decay function adequately described both dry weight and nutrient loss. Tree species differed
significantly in their rate of breakdown with decomposition constants (k) varying from 0.0299 to 0.2006 week−1 for leaves and from 0.0225 to 0.0633 week−1 for stems. Gliricidia showed the highest k for leaves with the rest in the following descending order: Senna > Tithonia ≥ Euphatorium > Calliandra > Flemingia. A similar pattern was observed for loss of all nutrients with Calliandra and Flemingia always having lower k values than the rest. Although N immobilization was not observed, immobilization of P and K was observed
during the first week of incubation in some species, particularly in stem prunings. Annual biomass of prunings differed significantly
between tree species in the following descending order: Calliandra > Senna > Flemingia > Tithonia > Gliricidia > Euphatorium. Calliandra added the greatest amount of nutrients annually to the soil with Euphatorium adding the least. Calliandra prunings provided the annual total K requirement and 49% of the N requirement of mature tea. However, none of the species
provided more than 5% of the P requirement. It is concluded that among the tree species tested, Calliandra and Flemingia are the most suitable for contour hedgerows in tea plantations of this agroclimatic region because of their higher soil nutrient
enrichment capacity and slower decomposition rates which would minimize leaching losses.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
14.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
15.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
16.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):118-130
The effects of seed weight and seed type on seedling growth of Pinus sylvestris (L.) were studied by seeding individually weighed orchard and stand seed in different mixtures under harsh (direct seeding in field) and optimal (seeding in nursery) conditions. In the nursery experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased the seedling height by 10-27% and total weight by 27-113%, and decreased the height/diameter ratio by 5-6% after 2 yrs. With elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 2% taller than stand seedlings in year 2. Without elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller. In the field experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased seedling height by 18-65%, stem volume by 81-274% and the number of top-buds by 23-34% in year 5. After elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller than stand seedlings and without elimination of seed weight effects 20-21% taller after 5 yrs. Even after elimination of both seed weight and genetic effects orchard seedlings were 3-9% larger than stand seedlings in the field experiment. In conclusion, the influence of seed weight and seed type on growth traits and slenderness is highly significant and the influence seems to be greater in harsh conditions. 相似文献
17.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
18.
Astra Zaluma Lauma Bruna Darta Klavina Natalija Burnevica Kristine Kenigsvalde Andis Lazdins Talis Gaitnieks 《Forest Pathology》2019,49(6)
Heterobasidion parviporum and Heterobasidion annosum are widely distributed root‐rot fungi that infect conifers throughout Europe. Infection of conifer stumps by spores of these pathogens can be controlled by treating fresh stumps with a competing non‐pathogenic fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea. In this study, growth of three Latvian strains of P. gigantea and the biological control agent ‘Rotstop’ strain was evaluated in stem pieces of Norway spruce, Scots pine, lodgepole pine, Douglas‐fir, Weymouth pine, Siberian larch and Sitka spruce. The growth rates of one H. parviporum and one H. annosum isolate were also measured in the same stem pieces. The growth rate of P. gigantea varied greatly in wood of different conifer species. It was higher in the three pine species, lower in Norway spruce and lowest in Sitka spruce and Siberian larch, and in Douglas‐fir, this fungus did not grow. The largest area of wood occupied by P. gigantea was in lodgepole pine. Growth of Latvian isolates of P. gigantea in the wood of Pinus and Picea species was comparable to that of the Rotstop isolate. Consequently, stump treatment with local P. gigantea isolates should be recommended. However, our results suggest that Douglas‐fir stump treatment against Heterobasidion by P. gigantea may be ineffective and other stump treatment methods should be considered. 相似文献
19.
Steven Maranz Amadou Niang Antoine Kalinganire Djeneba Konaté Bocary Kaya 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(3):231-239
Baobab leaves form an important part of the local diet in Sahel countries and elsewhere in Africa. Existing leaf nutritional
data and agroforestry performance information are based solely on Adansonia digitata L., the baobab of continental Africa. The introduction potential of Adansonia species from the center of diversity in Madagascar and from Australia remains untapped. To assess this potential, the mineral
contents and B1 and B2 vitamin levels of dried baobab leaves were determined for five-year old trees of A. digitata, A. gibbosa (A. Cunn.) Guymer ex D. Baum, A. rubrostipa Jum. & H. Perrier (syn. A. fony Baill.), A. perrieri Capuron and A. za Baill. grown in an introduction trial in Mali. Nutritional data were evaluated against survival and vigor to identify promising
germplasm. Leaf vitamin and crude protein contents were highest in the Madagascar species, especially A. rubrostipa (B1 88 mg 100 g−1, B2 187 mg 100 g−1, protein 20.7% dry weight). However, the local species far outperformed the introductions in survival, tree height, basal
diameter and resistance to termites. We suggest grafting as a way of harnessing the vigor of well-adapted local baobab varieties
to the superior nutritional profiles of A. rubrostipa and others. Cross-species grafting tests in Adansonia were successful, thus creating new agroforestry possibilities with different scion/rootstock combinations. 相似文献
20.
《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(2):76-84
Abstract Wood in general and wooden studs in particular are often distorted owing to uneven shrinkage during the drying process in the sawmill. Twist is often the most detrimental of all types of distortion, and it is caused by spiral grain in combination with variations in moisture content. For sawmills, the objective is to produce dried, straight boards, and one method of dealing with boards with excessive spiral grain is to sort them out and then dry them in a pretwisted position to obtain straight boards after drying. A model using the finite element (FE) method for the simulation of drying twist distortions was first calibrated against laboratory experiments in which boards were dried with and without restraints and pretwists. After the calibration, the FE results were compared with industrial test results for boards that were dried without restraints or with restraints with zero pretwist, i.e. straight restraints. The FE model used an elastic–ideally plastic material model to obtain permanent deformations. The calibration was to set the yield stresses so that there was a good match between FE results and results from the laboratory experiments. The comparison between the industrial test results and the FE results showed that the FE model is capable of realistic simulations of drying boards with and without restraints and presumably also pretwists. 相似文献