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1.
人工兴安落叶松次生木质部的解剖学研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
运用木材解剖图像分析系统和显微照相的方法对人工兴安落叶松次生木质部的解剖结构进行研究,结果表明:落叶松具正常树脂道和受伤树脂道两种类型,前者常见于晚材。落叶松生长轮内的早晚材在干和枝内急变,在根内缓变。早材管胞呈六边形至多边形,胞壁常见单列具缘纹孔,偶见对列具缘纹孔;晚材管胞多呈矩形,胞壁鲜见具缘纹孔,通常为单列具缘纹孔。落叶松木射线同时具有单列木射线和纺锤形木射线两种类型,纺锤形木射线中仅含一枚纵行树脂道。纵行管胞与木射线交叉形成的纹孔场为云杉型。从根到干再到枝,管胞逐渐细化,管胞长度逐渐减小,木射线分布由密到疏。 相似文献
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油松管胞形态特征的变异 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
本文研究分析了山西中条山产地油松管胞形态特征的变异。管胞长度自髓心向外,首先迅速增加,13年后管胞长度增加缓慢,20年后保持相对稳定。管胞长度沿树干主轴自基部向上逐渐增加,5.3m高处最长,然后向上变短,树冠区域管胞长度最短。形成层原始细胞长度随着原始细胞年增大,开始递增,达到最大值后又递减。管胞直径、胞壁厚度自髓心向外增加。管胞直径轴向变化由树干基部开始向上增大,然后又减小。管胞长宽比、壁腔比的径向变异与管胞长度的径向变异模式相似。生长轮内管胞长度从早材到晚材,开始减小,然后增加,最小值位于早晚材过渡处。 相似文献
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对10个10年生日本落叶松无性系的早材和晚材微纤丝角进行了测定,结果表明:早、晚材微纤丝角无性系间差异极显著,同一年轮内早材微纤丝角大于晚材.日本落叶松微纤丝角的径向变异规律为:在髓心处最大,以后逐渐减小.早、晚材微纤丝角与树木年轮间的变异模式(径向变异)以对数和乘幂式方程拟合效果较好,R2(R为相关系数)均在0.8以上.早、晚材微纤丝角同树高、形率、树皮厚度、主枝粗、枝干比、主枝夹角、主枝长的相关关系不显著,早、晚材微纤丝角同胸径、冠幅的相关关系达到显著水平;早材与晚材的微纤丝角也相关显著.早材和晚材的微纤丝角受中到强度遗传控制,广义遗传力分别为0.767 4、0.804 3.按照20%的选择率,早材和晚材的微纤丝角的遗传增益分别为21.82%和29.75%. 相似文献
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幼龄材范围的确定及树木生长速率对幼龄材生长量的影响 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：8
本文以杉木、日本落叶松的人上林和天然林木材为对象，选择ｙ＝ａ＋ｂｌｎｘ回归模式。利用其管胞特征因子随年轮数的变化，研究划分幼龄材年轮界限的最适因子，并就生长速率对幼龄材生长量的影响进入了探讨。结果表明：杉木和日本落叶松的人工林及天然林木的管胞特征值在径向水平上的变化均遵循ｙ＝ａ＋ｂｌｎｘ模式，尤其管胞长度与年轮数回归的相关系数Ｒ均达０．９８以上；管胞长度与管胞宽度及纤丝用相比，遗传率最大，随年轮数变化的模式最稳定，是划分幼龄材界限的最佳因子，由此得出杉木人工林幼龄材界限年轮为２０－２２（距髓心距离为１２．９－１３．２ｃｍ）、天然林为１６－１８（４．１－４．５ｃｍ），日本落叶松人工林为１９－２３（８．７－１０．５ｃｍ）、天然林为２３－２４（２．９－３．１ｃｍ）；幼龄材生长量与树木生长速率成正比。 相似文献
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中国裸子植物木材管胞瘤状层的电镜观察 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4
本文对中国裸子植物11科、41属、99种木材管胞瘤状层进行了系统观察。瘤状层的有无及形态特征是区分裸子植物材的重要标志。此外并对5种针叶树材在一个年轮内,瘤状层从早材到晚材大小、分布密度的变化做了观察;12种针叶树材的切片,用0.5％次氯酸钠溶液处理后,瘤状物减小、以至消失;在另6个树种的管胞内,观察到瘤状层被白腐菌或软腐菌溶解。 相似文献
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对10个10年生日本落叶松无性系的木材基本密度、管胞参数进行了测定.结果表明:木材基本密度,早、晚材管胞宽度和早材长宽比无性系间差异显著;木材基本密度,早、晚材管胞长度,早晚材管胞宽度和早晚材长宽比径向变异模式相似,即从髓心向外以曲线形式不断增加,有时亦有起伏;早材从髓心向外以近似直线的形式缓慢增加,晚材从髓心向外以曲线形式增加,初期增加幅度较大,到一定年龄后趋于水平变化并略有波动;材质性状与树木年轮间的关系以对数方程、幂函数方程、指数方程拟合效果较好;除了晚材壁腔比和早材壁厚外,其它木材性质的重复力均在0.5以上,受中度或中度以上的遗传制约,按照20%的选择率,长宽比和晚材管胞长能获得较高的遗传增益. 相似文献
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以大兴安岭根河地区4株天然兴安落叶松解析木作为研究对象,采用相关分析法分析兴安落叶松晚材率与气候因子的相关性,以揭示兴安落叶松径向生长晚材率对主要气候因子变化的响应。结果表明:(1)兴安落叶松晚材率无论是对生长前期的温度变化还是对生长季的温度变化都呈现出极显著的相关性,尤其是与年平均温度的相关性表现的最为显著,4个样本的相关性分别表现为1号0.594、2号0.655、3号0.695、4号0.665,显著性均达到0.01水平。(2)在大兴安岭兴安落叶松晚材率与降水的相关性分析时发现,兴安落叶松的晚材率只与生长前期的冬季降水存在相关性。分别为1号0.472、2号0.328、3号0.377、4号0.322,其中1号样本与降水的相关性在0.01水平上呈极显著正相关,2、3、4样本与降水的相关性在0.05水平上呈显著正相关。 相似文献
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酸雨及大气污染对马尾松木材材性影响的研究：Ⅱ.木材构造 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
对广西壮族自治区生长在严重酸雨危害（ＳＩＩ）、轻度酸雨危害（ＳＩ）和未受酸雨危害（Ｓ０）三个地方的马尾松（ＰｉｎｕｓｍａｓｓｏｎｉａｎａＬａｍｂ．）木材构造进行了研究，结果如下：边材宽度、管胞长度、径向直径、径壁厚度及弦壁厚度，５ＩＩ＜ＳＩ＜Ｓ０；年轮宽度、管胞径向腔径、弦向直径、弦向腔径及管胞比量，ＳＩＩ＜Ｓ０＜ＳＩ：晚材率、管胞胞壁率及树脂道比量，ＳＩＩ＞ＳＩ＞Ｓ０；木射线比量，ＳＩＩ＞Ｓ０＞ＳＩ；纤丝角，ＳＩＩ＝Ｓ０＜ＳＩ。经方差分析，边材宽度、年轮宽度及管胞径向直径三者差异显著；而其它各项差异均不显著。 相似文献
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杂种落叶松F2代自由授粉家系纸浆材遗传变异及多性状联合选择 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
对17年生7个杂种落叶松自由授粉家系和3个对照子代测定林(共10个处理)的生长和材性性状进行遗传变异分析、相关分析、综合指数评价与选择.结果表明:生长与材性性状家系间、家系内均存在较大的变异,除单位面积管胞数量外,其他性状晚材的变异系数均大于早材;材积、管胞长宽比和树脂道比量变异系数较大(26.2%～85.3%).基本密度、早材微纤丝角、管胞比量变异系数较小(1.4%～8.1%).方差分析表明:处理间综纤维素含量,早、晚材微纤丝角,管胞长宽比,晚材径向直径、胞壁率、壁腔比,管胞比量差异显著;材积、管胞长、弦向直径、早材和晚材单位面积管胞数量差异极显著,家系遗传力为59.3%～92.7%,家系水平的材性改良潜力较大.材积与综纤维素含量成极显著正相关,与早材和晚材微纤丝角、弦向直径、晚材壁腔比和管胞比量成正相关,与管胞长宽比和晚材单位面积管胞数量成负相关;基本密度与材积成微弱的负相关,与综纤维素含量成显著的负相关,与管胞长宽比、早材微纤丝角、晚材单位面积管胞数量成正相关;综纤维素含量与管胞长宽比和晚材单位面积管胞数量成负相关;管胞长宽比与晚材壁腔比成极显著负相关;晚材微纤丝角与管胞比量成显著的正相关.对生长和材性进行综合评价,选出I3,I4,I93个比较理想的多性状指数方程.适合作纸浆林培育的家系为兴7×日77-2、日5×长77-3和日3×兴9.入选率30%时,各性状家系遗传增益分别为:材积34.7%,综纤维素含量7.5%,晚材壁腔比11.0%,晚材胞壁率6.2%,管胞长宽比4.5%,晚材微纤丝角3.2%,管胞比量0.3%. 相似文献
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对落叶松木材水性高分子异氰酸酯 (API)胶粘剂弦径面胶接强度进行了研究。结果表明 :落叶松木材API胶粘剂弦径面胶接强度存在着差异 ,落叶松木材API胶粘剂径切板胶合强度试件的常态压缩剪切强度是弦切板的 1 4 1倍 ,而反复煮沸压缩剪切强度径切板的却比弦切板的低。落叶松木材本身弦径面顺纹抗剪强度和剪切强度率的试验结果表明 :造成落叶松胶合强度试件弦径面常态压缩剪切强度存在差异的根本原因在于落叶松木材本身弦径向的强度存在差异 ,木材径向的强度比弦向的大 ,文中对这造成这种差异的原因进行了分析 相似文献
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利用理查德方程构建落叶松树高生长模型.以黑龙江省佳木斯市孟家岗实验林场落叶松人工林为研究对象,基于78块落叶松人工林标准地中100株样木作为解析木.根据地位级指数的定义对理查德方程进行推导,确定落叶松树高生长模型.在MATLAB技术的支持下,根据林分实际数据使用模型参数估计算法求得模型参数k和c的最优值.经过模型误差的检验,结果表明误差E ＜0.05,该树高生长模型可以用来模拟落叶松树高生长过程. 相似文献
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Kazuhito Kita Takaaki Fujimoto Kazuko Uchiyama Makoto Kuromaru Hisashi Akutsu 《Journal of Wood Science》2009,55(6):425-434
Hybrids generated by crossing Kuril larch (Larix gmelinii var. japonica) and Japanese larch (L. kaempferi) are expected to have high carbon accumulation ability because of fast growth and high wood density in Hokkaido, Japan. We
estimated the amount of carbon accumulation of the hybrid larch in three progeny test plantations consisting of 21 full-sib
families and compared the results to the carbon accumulation of open-pollinated progenies of Japanese larch plus-trees (improved
Japanese larch). Gene-environment interactions were not observed for tree height and diameter at breast height but were seen
for wood density (area-weighted density, AWD). The amount of carbon accumulated per unit area (Cstand) positively correlated with the stand volume. The AWD did not correlate with the C
stand; therefore, families with high wood density can be selected independent of the C
stand. The C
stand of the best full-sib family, female parent half-sib family, and male parent half-sib family at three sites were 106.1, 84.6,
and 93.2 Cton·ha−1, respectively. All these values exceed the mean for the improved Japanese larch, which has a C
stand value of 82.5 Cton·ha−1. 相似文献
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《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(1):24-33
Abstract Siberian larch (Larix sibirica Ledeb.) timber is suitable for many uses in the mechanical wood industry. Drying it without any decrease in value, however, is difficult and slow. The purpose of this research was to compare the drying quality of Siberian larch timber dried with three different conventional schedules taking into account the density and annual growth of wood. Five drying tests were performed. The final moisture content (MC), MC gradient, cracks, deformations (bow, crook, twist and cup) and case hardening were measured from the dried timber. The basic density particularly affected the MC, as shown in the differences regarding dried wood, with the denser wood having higher final MC and MC gradient. It was also found that large annual growth increased some deformations. Most of the measured factors were best after drying at the highest temperatures used; however, a slightly different trend was observed for bow, twist and cup. MC factors and twisting were the most problematic properties in drying according to this study. Sorting Siberian larch timber, particularly according to density, would improve the MC properties of dried timber by ensuring sufficient drying time, as economically as possible, for each timber piece. 相似文献
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Effects of radial growth rate on selected indices for juvenile and mature wood of the Japanese larch 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
To examine the differences between juvenile and mature wood, 12 aged sample trees from two areas of Nagano Prefecture were harvested; and the radial development of tracheid length, the ring density, and the relation of the radial growth rate (observed by ring width) with some selected indices of ring structure were investigated. The results proved that the radial variation of tracheid length with ring number can be described by a logarithmic formula, and both plantations reached the demarcation of juvenile and mature wood at age 18. With the segmented regression method, we also analyzed radial variation of mean density and found that the demarcation of juvenile and mature wood was at age 15 for sample trees from Saku and at age 21 for those from Yabuhara. By using the results of estimates from juvenile and mature wood based on ring density, we found that high growth rates resulted when producing lower-density wood during the juvenile period, but these rates did not occur during the mature period. The basic reason for this phenomenon is the variation in patterns of earlywood and latewood in juvenile and mature wood, respectively. This result advised us that when managing plantations of Japanese larch it is necessary to take different measurements at different growth periods. 相似文献
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《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(1-2):55-61
Abstract In this study, mould growth on wood was investigated by image analysis. The studied parameters were drying and heat-treatment temperatures (20–210°C), original and resawn surface and different wood species (spruce and larch). Small specimens—some of which were inoculated with a spore suspension—were stored under humid conditions and photographed once a week. Mould growth was assessed by image analysis. In general, results found in earlier studies regarding the influence of several parameters could be confirmed. Image analysis was found to be a useful method to quantify mould growth in an objective and reproducible way. 相似文献