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1.
灰木莲人工林营养元素分配及其积累特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对南宁市46年生灰木莲人工林的9种营养元素(N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Zn和Cu)的含量、积累量、年净积累量及其分配特征进行了研究。结果表明:灰木莲不同组分的营养元素含量大致为树叶>树皮>树根>树枝>干材。大量元素N、K在树根中的含量最高,P、Mg在树叶中的含量最高,而Ca则在树皮中含量最高;微量元素在各组分中的含量则以Mn最高,Fe、Zn次之,Cu最低。灰木莲人工林营养元素积累总量为1 948.78 kg/hm2,其中乔木层的营养元素积累量为1 715.22 kg/hm2,占林分营养元素积累总量的88.02%;草本层为74.33 kg/hm2,占总积累量的3.81%;灌木层为83.19 kg/hm2,占总积累量的4.26%;凋落物层为76.04 kg/hm2,占总积累量的3.90%。灰木莲人工林营养元素年净积累量为37.32 kg/(hm2·a),各组分营养元素年净积累量排列顺序为干材>树根>树皮>树叶>树枝。 相似文献
2.
《西部林业科学》2015,(3)
为揭示米老排生长过程中养分元素积累特点和分配规律,采用Monsic分层切割法,对广西高峰林场12年生(中龄林)米老排人工林的5种养分元素(N、P、K、Ca、Mg)的含量进行测量,分析其林分的积累量及分配特征。结果表明:(1)米老排不同器官养分元素含量依次为树叶树皮树枝树根树干;各器官养分元素含量表现为:树叶、树干和树根NKCaMgP;树枝为KCaNMgP;树皮为KNCaMgP。(2)米老排人工林养分总储量为1 310.36 kg/hm2,其中乔木层养分储量为1 177.74 kg/hm2,占总养分储量的89.88%;草本层、灌木层以及凋落物层的养分积累量分别为2.92 kg/hm2、3.93 kg/hm2和125.77 kg/hm2,分别占林分总积累量的0.20%、0.30%和9.60%。(3)乔木层养分元素年净积累量为98.15 kg/(hm2·a),各器官的年净积累量顺序为树干树枝树根树叶树皮。(4)米老排人工林乔木层每积累1 t干物质需要5种养分元素7.63 kg,其养分元素利用效率低于杉木,但明显高于马占相思、湿地松和灰木莲人工林。 相似文献
3.
《西部林业科学》2017,(3)
林木营养元素的积累与分配特征是森林生态系统营养元素生物循环最重要的内容之一,对指导林业生产、提高生态系统的养分利用效率和生产力都有重要的意义。采用标准样地法对广西容县31年生火力楠人工林生态系统3种营养元素(N、P、K)的含量、储存量及其分配特征进行了研究。结果表明,火力楠各器官养分含量由大到小依次为树叶、花果、树根、树皮、树枝、干材;不同器官各养分元素含量均为NKP。31年生火力楠人工林生态系统养分储存量为1 152.05kg/hm~2,其中乔木层、灌草层、凋落物层和土壤层养分储存量分别为816.04kg/hm~2、18.85kg/hm~2、44.46kg/hm~2和272.70kg/hm~2,分别占养分总储存量的70.83%、1.64%、3.86%和23.67%。火力楠人工林3种养分元素年净积累量为26.32kg/(hm~2·a),不同器官年净积累量排序为干材树根树枝树叶树皮花果。火力楠人工林乔木层每积累1t干物质需要3种养分元素3.86kg,其养分元素利用效率低于秃杉和杉木,但明显高于云南松和红椎人工林。 相似文献
4.
《森林与环境学报》2010,(1)
对广西南丹山口林场相似立地条件下速生阶段(11年生)的秃杉与杉木(第2代)人工林5种营养元素(N、P、K、Ca和Mg)的含量、积累量、年净积累量和分配进行了研究。结果表明,秃杉与杉木不同器官中营养元素含量排序均为树叶干皮树枝树根干材,林木各器官营养元素含量均以N最高,其次是Ca和K,Mg和P最低。秃杉人工林分营养元素贮存量为573.40kg.hm-2,明显高于杉木人工林(330.33kg.hm-2),其中乔木层、林下植被层和凋落物层分别为517.97、11.05和47.05kg.hm-2,分别占林分营养元素积累量的89.91%、1.92%和8.17%。5种营养元素贮存量在秃杉与杉木人工林乔木层的分配均为树叶树枝干材干皮或树根。秃杉人工林营养元素平均年净积累量为47.09kg.hm-.2a-1,是杉木人工林(26.55kg.hm-.2a-1)的1.77倍。秃杉的营养元素利用效率低于杉木,但明显高于马尾松、刺槐和马占相思。 相似文献
5.
对云南玉溪磨盘山华山松人工林（16年中龄林、26年近成熟林、43年成熟林）生物量及N、 P、 K、 Ca和Mg等5种营养元素的分配格局和积累规律进行了研究。结果显示,3种林龄华山松人工林的生物量分别为181.515 t/hm2、284.679 t/hm2、295.311 t/hm2,乔木层生物量分别占林分的91.594％、94.760％、93.838％,乔木层的净生产力分别为10.391 t/（ hm2· a）、10.375 t/（ hm2· a）和6.444 t/（ hm2· a）;3种林龄群落各层生物量均为乔木层＞枯落物层＞灌木层＞草本层;乔木各营养器官营养元素含量大小是树叶＞树枝＞树根＞树皮（或树皮＞树根）＞树干;3种林龄华山松各器官营养元素含量均以N含量最高,其他元素含量依次为K＞Mg＞Ca＞P,其中树叶中的N含量最高,达到16.733 g/kg～21.368 g/kg;3种林龄群落营养物质总积累量分别为1497.993 kg/hm2、2257.161 kg/hm2和2810.246 kg/hm2,乔木层营养物质年积累量分别为77.532 kg/（ hm2· a ）、76.679 kg/（ hm2· a）、58.759 kg/（ hm2· a）。 相似文献
6.
新栽培区尾叶桉人工林营养元素积累与分配特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对广西田林县2.4和4.4年生尾叶桉人工林的N、P、K、Ca和Mg等5种营养元素含量、积累量、年净积累量与分配进行了研究.结果表明:尾叶桉不同器官营养元素含量大致为树叶>树皮>树枝>树根>树干;林木各器官中营养元素含量以N最高,其次是Ca、K和Mg,P最低;2.4和4.4年生尾叶桉人工林营养元素的积累量分别为321.09和760.39 kg/hm2,不同器官营养元素积累量的分配随林分年龄的增长发生变化;林分营养元素年净积累量分别为133.79和172.82 kg/(hm2.a),积累量随林分年龄的增长而明显增大;同一器官各营养元素年净积累量与其营养元素积累量变化顺序一致,即为N>Ca或K>Mg>P;2个林分年龄尾叶桉人工林每积累1 t干物质需要5种营养元素总量分别为10.01和9.44 kg,其中对N的需求量最大,P最小. 相似文献
7.
对广西宁明县相似立地条件下1年生尾巨桉(DH32-29)和雷林1号桉幼林的生物量和5种营养元素(N、P、K、Ca 和 Mg)积累量及其分配特征进行了研究。结果表明：1年生尾巨桉和雷林1号人工幼林林分生物量分别为13.70和12.06 t·hm–2,不同器官生物量均以树干最大,树叶或树根最小。两种桉树不同器官中营养元素含量均以树叶最高,其次是树皮、树枝和树根,树干最低,林木不同器官中营养元素含量均以 N 最高,其次是 K 和 Ca,Mg 和 P最低。1年生尾巨桉幼林营养元素积累量为124.84 kg·hm–2,略低于雷林1号桉幼林(132.76 kg·hm–2),5种营养元素积累量在尾巨桉人工林的分配为树叶＞树枝＞干皮＞干材＞树根,在雷林1号桉的分配为树枝＞树叶＞干材＞干皮＞树根。尾巨桉幼林营养元素利用效率略高于雷林1号桉幼林。 相似文献
8.
为探究桂西南不同林龄马尾松(Pinus massoniana)人工林营养元素积累及其分布格局，为该区域马尾松人工林丰产经营提供科学依据，以广西宁明县马尾松桐棉种源人工林为研究对象，测定不同林龄(5、10和15年生)马尾松桐棉种源人工林各器官5种营养元素(N、P、K、Ca和Mg)含量，对不同林龄马尾松桐棉种源人工林营养元素含量、积累量、年净积累量及其分配格局进行研究。结果表明，不同林龄马尾松各器官营养元素含量以树叶最高，干材最低；各器官中不同营养元素含量表现为N>Ca或K>Mg或P。5、10和15年生马尾松桐棉种源人工林营养元素积累量分别为552.68、868.65和1 164.71 kg/hm2，其中乔木层分别占87.14%、87.70%和86.36%，林下植被层分别占7.30%、6.68%和6.45%，凋落物层分别占5.56%、5.62%和7.29%；营养元素年净积累量分别为96.32、76.18和66.95 kg·hm-2·a-1，林木每生产1 t干物质分别需要的5种营养元素含量为13.95、8.15和6... 相似文献
9.
为了更好提供林地营养科学基础数据,对滇中高原20年生云南松(Pinus yunnanensis)人工林的营养元素含量、积累及其分配特征进行测定。结果表明:云南松人工林器官中营养元素含量由高到低的排序为:树叶、树枝、树根、树干,氮元素的含量最高,钾和钙次之,镁较低,磷最低。营养元素的积累量为376.38 kg/hm^2,其中乔木层营养元素积累量为284.05 kg/hm^2,占整个林分的75.47%,灌木层、草本层和凋落物层的营养元素积累量在整个林分的比例分别为4.21%、15.18%和5.14%。营养元素年净积累量为14.20 kg/hm^2,树叶、树枝、树干和树根的年净积累量分别占林分年净积累量的38.03%、28.99%、18.46%和14.69%。云南松人工林每生产1t干物质所需氮、磷、钾、钙和镁等5种元素的量为7.55 kg,表明云南松人工林对这5种营养元素的利用效率较高。 相似文献
10.
第2代杉木人工林营养元素积累的动态特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对第2代杉木人工林N、P、K、Ca和Mg等5种营养元素含量、积累量、年净积累量与分配及其随林分年龄的变化趋势进行了研究.结果表明:8年生,11年生和14年生林分营养元素积累量依次为325.18、343.55和482.61 kg/hm2,其中乔木层分别占78.31%、89.15%和85.64%,灌草层分别占10.90%,2.77%和5.28%,地表现存凋落物层分别占10.79%、12.13%和9.08%;乔木层均以N或Ca积累量最多,其次是K和P,Mg最小;不同组分营养元素积累量的分配随林分年龄的增长发生变化,由8年生和11年生以树叶和树枝为主,逐渐转移到14年生以干材、树根和树皮为主;林分营养元素年净积累量分别为31.83,27.84和29.52 kg/(hm2·a),林木中同一组分各营养元素年净积累量与各组分营养元素积累量变化顺序一致,即为N、K或Ca＞P＞Mg,3个林分年龄杉木林每积累1t干物质需要的营养元素总量分别为7.12、5.56和5.45 kg,其中对N或Ca的需求量最大,其次是K和P,Mg最小.因此,在杉木林的经营管理中,保护和恢复林下植被将有利于维持林地持久生产力. 相似文献
11.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
12.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
13.
Contour hedgerows of multipurpose tree species in the sloping tea lands of Sri Lanka are expected to reduce soil erosion and
also add significant amounts of plant nutrients to the soil via periodic prunings. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the biomass decomposition pattern and quantify the
amount of nutrients added through prunings of six tree species (Calliandra calothyrsus, Senna spectabilis, Euphatorium innulifolium, Flemingia congesta, Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia) currently being used in hedgerows associated with tea. Withered leaf and stem prunings (50 g) were enclosed in 2-mm litter
bags, placed at 5-cm depth and retrieved after one, three, six, nine and 12 weeks. Loss of initial dry weight, N, P and K
was measured. Single exponential decay function adequately described both dry weight and nutrient loss. Tree species differed
significantly in their rate of breakdown with decomposition constants (k) varying from 0.0299 to 0.2006 week−1 for leaves and from 0.0225 to 0.0633 week−1 for stems. Gliricidia showed the highest k for leaves with the rest in the following descending order: Senna > Tithonia ≥ Euphatorium > Calliandra > Flemingia. A similar pattern was observed for loss of all nutrients with Calliandra and Flemingia always having lower k values than the rest. Although N immobilization was not observed, immobilization of P and K was observed
during the first week of incubation in some species, particularly in stem prunings. Annual biomass of prunings differed significantly
between tree species in the following descending order: Calliandra > Senna > Flemingia > Tithonia > Gliricidia > Euphatorium. Calliandra added the greatest amount of nutrients annually to the soil with Euphatorium adding the least. Calliandra prunings provided the annual total K requirement and 49% of the N requirement of mature tea. However, none of the species
provided more than 5% of the P requirement. It is concluded that among the tree species tested, Calliandra and Flemingia are the most suitable for contour hedgerows in tea plantations of this agroclimatic region because of their higher soil nutrient
enrichment capacity and slower decomposition rates which would minimize leaching losses.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
14.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):118-130
The effects of seed weight and seed type on seedling growth of Pinus sylvestris (L.) were studied by seeding individually weighed orchard and stand seed in different mixtures under harsh (direct seeding in field) and optimal (seeding in nursery) conditions. In the nursery experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased the seedling height by 10-27% and total weight by 27-113%, and decreased the height/diameter ratio by 5-6% after 2 yrs. With elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 2% taller than stand seedlings in year 2. Without elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller. In the field experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased seedling height by 18-65%, stem volume by 81-274% and the number of top-buds by 23-34% in year 5. After elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller than stand seedlings and without elimination of seed weight effects 20-21% taller after 5 yrs. Even after elimination of both seed weight and genetic effects orchard seedlings were 3-9% larger than stand seedlings in the field experiment. In conclusion, the influence of seed weight and seed type on growth traits and slenderness is highly significant and the influence seems to be greater in harsh conditions. 相似文献
15.
Steven Maranz Amadou Niang Antoine Kalinganire Djeneba Konaté Bocary Kaya 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(3):231-239
Baobab leaves form an important part of the local diet in Sahel countries and elsewhere in Africa. Existing leaf nutritional
data and agroforestry performance information are based solely on Adansonia digitata L., the baobab of continental Africa. The introduction potential of Adansonia species from the center of diversity in Madagascar and from Australia remains untapped. To assess this potential, the mineral
contents and B1 and B2 vitamin levels of dried baobab leaves were determined for five-year old trees of A. digitata, A. gibbosa (A. Cunn.) Guymer ex D. Baum, A. rubrostipa Jum. & H. Perrier (syn. A. fony Baill.), A. perrieri Capuron and A. za Baill. grown in an introduction trial in Mali. Nutritional data were evaluated against survival and vigor to identify promising
germplasm. Leaf vitamin and crude protein contents were highest in the Madagascar species, especially A. rubrostipa (B1 88 mg 100 g−1, B2 187 mg 100 g−1, protein 20.7% dry weight). However, the local species far outperformed the introductions in survival, tree height, basal
diameter and resistance to termites. We suggest grafting as a way of harnessing the vigor of well-adapted local baobab varieties
to the superior nutritional profiles of A. rubrostipa and others. Cross-species grafting tests in Adansonia were successful, thus creating new agroforestry possibilities with different scion/rootstock combinations. 相似文献
16.
《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(2):76-84
Abstract Wood in general and wooden studs in particular are often distorted owing to uneven shrinkage during the drying process in the sawmill. Twist is often the most detrimental of all types of distortion, and it is caused by spiral grain in combination with variations in moisture content. For sawmills, the objective is to produce dried, straight boards, and one method of dealing with boards with excessive spiral grain is to sort them out and then dry them in a pretwisted position to obtain straight boards after drying. A model using the finite element (FE) method for the simulation of drying twist distortions was first calibrated against laboratory experiments in which boards were dried with and without restraints and pretwists. After the calibration, the FE results were compared with industrial test results for boards that were dried without restraints or with restraints with zero pretwist, i.e. straight restraints. The FE model used an elastic–ideally plastic material model to obtain permanent deformations. The calibration was to set the yield stresses so that there was a good match between FE results and results from the laboratory experiments. The comparison between the industrial test results and the FE results showed that the FE model is capable of realistic simulations of drying boards with and without restraints and presumably also pretwists. 相似文献
17.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
18.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
19.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
20.
Astra Zaluma Lauma Bruna Darta Klavina Natalija Burnevica Kristine Kenigsvalde Andis Lazdins Talis Gaitnieks 《Forest Pathology》2019,49(6)
Heterobasidion parviporum and Heterobasidion annosum are widely distributed root‐rot fungi that infect conifers throughout Europe. Infection of conifer stumps by spores of these pathogens can be controlled by treating fresh stumps with a competing non‐pathogenic fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea. In this study, growth of three Latvian strains of P. gigantea and the biological control agent ‘Rotstop’ strain was evaluated in stem pieces of Norway spruce, Scots pine, lodgepole pine, Douglas‐fir, Weymouth pine, Siberian larch and Sitka spruce. The growth rates of one H. parviporum and one H. annosum isolate were also measured in the same stem pieces. The growth rate of P. gigantea varied greatly in wood of different conifer species. It was higher in the three pine species, lower in Norway spruce and lowest in Sitka spruce and Siberian larch, and in Douglas‐fir, this fungus did not grow. The largest area of wood occupied by P. gigantea was in lodgepole pine. Growth of Latvian isolates of P. gigantea in the wood of Pinus and Picea species was comparable to that of the Rotstop isolate. Consequently, stump treatment with local P. gigantea isolates should be recommended. However, our results suggest that Douglas‐fir stump treatment against Heterobasidion by P. gigantea may be ineffective and other stump treatment methods should be considered. 相似文献