共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 828 毫秒
1.
望天树人工林生长量及土壤理化性质 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
望天树是我国一级珍稀濒危保护植物,为了更有效地保护这一树种,在桂西南那坡县对29年生望天树人工林的生长量及土壤理化性质进行了研究。结果表明:林分平均胸径、平均树高和平均蓄积量分别为28.49cm、28.30m和440.5m3/hm2,净经济收入为39.65万元/hm2。林地0～100cm土层密度为0.819 8～1.174 3g/cm3,土壤总孔隙度为57.0%～66.3%,土壤通气度为16.8%～25.0%,土壤最大持水量、毛管持水量和最小持水量分别为46.7%～94.2%、34.1%～68.8%和20.8%～42.1%。0～40cm土层pH值为4.64～4.96,土壤有机质含量为29.58～70.70g/kg,土壤全N、全P和全K含量分别为1.15～2.71、1.38～1.56和13.27～15.31g/kg,速效N、P和K分别为157.68～327.42、0.32～1.21和9.93～23.12mg/kg。研究结果表明,29年生望天树人工林的生长量较高,林地土壤疏松、土壤通气性能良好、土壤肥力较高。因此,在类似该地区立地环境进行望天树的引种栽培具有较大的生物生产力。 相似文献
2.
对桉树人工林间种象草（Pennisetum americanum×P.purpureum）×（Pennisetum purpureum）复合经营模式的土壤物理性质及养分含量进行研究.结果表明：对比桉树纯林,桉-草经营模式的土壤容重降低了14.75％～22.12％,土壤总空隙度和毛管孔隙度分别提高了3.57％ ～ 16.51％和15.39％ ～ 18.67％,土壤饱和持水量和田间持水量分别提高了6.01％～34.14％和16.95％ ～43.99％,林地土壤物理性质得到改善.桉-草模式下林地土壤pH值降低了9.2％～10.5％,土壤有机质含量提高87.5％～24.2％;土壤全量N、P和速效N、P的含量提高7.06％ ～89.99％,提高幅度的大小排列顺序为速效N＞全量P＞全量N＞速效P,全量K和速效K含量减少,单位面积蓄积量提高14.14％.A层土壤理化性状改善幅度大于B层.桉树人工林间种象草复合经营模式,有助于改善林地土壤结构,提高林地养分含量,促进林木生长,是比较适宜推广发展的桉树复合经营模式. 相似文献
3.
《广西林业科学》2021,50(3)
为了解广西国有博白林场桉树(Eucalyptus spp.)人工林林地的肥力状况,以pH值、有机质、全氮、全磷、全钾、碱解氮、速效磷、速效钾、有效铜、有效锌、有效硼和有效铁等指标为基础,采用内梅罗指数评价法对不同层次土壤肥力质量进行评价分析。结果显示,总体土壤养分变异系数为4.90%～105.84%,A层土壤养分变异系数为5.88%～141.85%,B层土壤养分变异系数为4.36%～98.49%,除pH值变异系数较小外,其他指标的变异系数均较大。总体上,土壤的有机质、全氮、全磷、速效磷和速效钾平均含量分别为18.38 g/kg、0.89 g/kg、0.27 g/kg、2.07 mg/kg和36.63 mg/kg,均处于贫或极贫水平;微量元素中,有效铁的平均含量为130.32mg/kg,达到极富水平,有效铜、有效锌和有效硼的平均含量分别为0.27、0.55和0.21 mg/kg,均处于贫或极贫状态;土壤综合肥力指数为0.73,肥力等级为Ⅲ级。 相似文献
4.
湖南省林地不同土壤类型养分状况分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对湖南省林地不同土壤类型的养分状况进行了分析。结果表明:不同土壤类型之间有机质含量和速效氮含量差异较大,速效磷含量和速效钾含量差异较小。全省有机质含量最高的为山地草甸土,为63.60 g/kg,最低的是潮土,只有16.46 g/kg;速效氮含量最高的为山地草甸土,达到203.10 mg/kg,最低的是紫色土,为57.46 mg/kg;速效磷含量最高的为潮土,为11.77 mg/kg,最低的是石灰土,为2.28 mg/kg;速效钾含量最高的是石灰土,为72.70 mg/kg,最低的是山地草甸土,为60.26 mg/kg。各地市州中,除益阳市潮土的有机质、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾含量均居全省最高外,其它地区、其它土类的养分状况未表现出行政区域上的地域规律。 相似文献
5.
采集临安市山核桃(Carya cathayensis)产区8个乡镇共321个土壤样品,分析其主要理化性质.结果表明,不同乡镇山核桃林地土壤理化性质受成土母岩和人为经营的影响,具有一定的差异性,其中太湖源镇林地土壤容重最小,仅为0.9 g/cm3,总孔隙度最大,为65.86％;昌化、河桥、龙岗3个乡镇土壤砂粒(2～0.02 mm)含量较高,大于30％,而粉粒(0.002 ～ 0.02)含量则较低,小于46.0％;土壤pH值以河桥镇为高,pH6.17,太湖源镇最低,pH4.81;土壤有机质含量以岛石镇和太湖源镇为高,分别达38.00、35.54 g/kg,而河桥镇最低,为23.95 g/kg;昌化、岛石、太湖源3个乡镇水解氮、速效钾含量较高,分别达200.00、100.00mg/kg;土壤有效磷和有效硫含量以岛石镇为最高,分别为10.80,24.90 mg/kg;不同乡镇山核桃林地土壤微量元素平均含量排序为锰＞铁＞锌＞硼＞铜,土壤有效锰、铁、铜含量以岛石镇山核桃林地土壤较高,分别为62.46、26.88、1.30mg/kg,而有效锌、硼则以清凉峰镇为高,含量分别为2.26,1.77 mg/kg. 相似文献
6.
对云南特有极危种馨香木兰分布集中地西畴县生境的土壤理化性状进行了测定和分析,结果表明:馨香木兰现有分布区海拔1 300~1 700 m,坡向以北偏西为主,北偏东次之,南坡未出现。pH值平均为5.9,为弱酸性红壤;土壤有机质30.905~91.631 g/kg和水解氮141.216~328.041 g/kg,为二级以上土壤划分标准;土壤速效磷1.148~3.698 mg/kg,为五级以下土壤划分标准;全磷0.705~2.096 mg/kg,为三级以上土壤划分标准;土壤速效钾21.559~47.229 mg/kg,全钾1.351~3.250 mg/kg,为五级以下土壤划分标准。由此表明,馨香木兰林地土壤有机质和氮养分含量水平较高,而土壤速效磷、钾含量缺乏。为进一步研究馨香木兰最适生境理论提供依据。 相似文献
7.
不同林龄马尾松人工林表层土壤养分特征分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
研究了不同林龄马尾松人工林养分特征。结果表明:除了土壤pH值之外,不同林龄土壤理化指标均有显著差异,其中成熟林土壤容重最低为1.16 g/cm3,成熟林土壤含水量、碱解氮和有机质含量最高,分别为167mg/cm3,20.17%和19.38 g/kg;近熟林土壤速效磷、速效钾、全氮、全磷、全钾含量最高,分别为18.01 mg/cm3,67.86 mg/cm3,1.33 g/kg,0.67 g/kg和28.18 g/kg;不同肥力指标之间存在显著相关关系;根据研究结果计算,不同林龄马尾松人工林土壤肥力由高到低为近熟林﹥成熟林﹥中龄林﹥幼龄林。 相似文献
8.
基于空间分析的桉树人工林土壤肥力评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用广西黄冕林场桉树人工林135个土壤样点数据,分析该区域土壤p H、有机质、碱解氮、速效钾、有效磷等养分含量及其空间分布情况,利用空间分析法,对研究区桉树人工林的土壤肥力进行综合评价。结果表明,黄冕林场桉树人工林的土壤肥力分为"低、中、高"3个等级,其土壤呈酸性,p H值为4.39-4.64,土壤有机质含量为21.97-39.46g/kg,土壤碱解氮含量为97.18-171.84mg/kg,土壤速效钾含量差异性较大,整体含量为26.29-184.98mg/kg,土壤有效磷含量为1.32-3.09mg/kg。根据区域养分等级划分标准,其土壤有机质、碱解氮、速效钾含量的范围均在中等以上水平,而土壤有效磷含量水平为极低。黄冕林场各分场土壤有效铜、有效锌、有效硼较为缺乏,在其施肥推荐方案中可适量添加铜、锌与硼等微量元素。研究结果为桉树人工林土壤改良提供参考。 相似文献
9.
通过分层采集水青冈林0～100 cm土壤剖面样品,测定不同土层有机碳含量,分析其垂直分布特征,并通过相关分析探讨土壤容重、总孔隙度、机械组成等物理性质及土壤pH值、速效养分等化学性质对土壤有机碳的影响。结果表明:水青冈林地不同土层土壤有机碳含量和有机碳密度变化范围分别为28.66～76.75 g/kg和5.52～10.77 kg/m2,且均表现出随土层深度的增加大致呈逐渐降低的变化趋势,其中0～20 cm土层有机碳总含量和有机碳密度最大,分别占据整个土壤剖面的33.82%和27.94%,具有明显的表聚性;水青冈林地土壤容重和总孔隙度的变化范围分别为0.71～1.05 g/cm3和54.58%～73.16%,0～20 cm土层其值与其他土层差异显著;水青冈林地各级粒径土壤颗粒含量从大到小的排列顺序为砂粒(53.51%)粉粒(29.93%)粘粒(16.56%),土壤质地为砂质壤土;水青冈林地不同土层土壤p H值的平均值为4.16,且土层之间变幅很小;速效氮、速效磷和速效钾养分平均含量分别为309.48 mg/kg、1.61 mg/kg和40.81 mg/kg,其随土层深度的变化趋势与土壤有机碳含量和有机碳密度相似;相关分析结果表明,土壤有机碳含量和有机碳密度均与p H值、粘粒(0.002 mm)呈显著负相关,与土壤总孔隙度、速效氮、速效磷和速效钾呈显著正相关;pH值、粘粒含量、总孔隙度、速效氮、速效磷、速效钾与有机碳关系密切,可以用于预测土壤有机碳的变化。 相似文献
10.
不同垂直地带山核桃林地土壤理化性质比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为比较不同垂直地带山核桃(Carya cathayensis)林地土壤理化性质,采集了临安市山核桃产区海拔200~800 m的土壤样品,并分析其主要理化性质。结果表明,不同海拔之间林地土壤容重差异不显著,非毛管持水量呈显著性差异;土壤石砾含量随海拔的升高而递增,平均值为10.90%,而土壤砂粒、粉粒和粘粒含量无明显差异;随着海拔升高,土壤pH值由6.08降低至4.71,土壤有机质含量由28.09 g/kg递增至47.59 g/kg;林地土壤水解氮、速效钾、有效磷、有效硫含量平均值为198.08、105.00、4.98、25.97 mg/kg,不同海拔之间无变化规律;山核桃林地土壤微量元素含量的大小顺序为锰铁钙镁锌铜硼,但在不同海拔之间无明显的变化规律。 相似文献
11.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
12.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
13.
Contour hedgerows of multipurpose tree species in the sloping tea lands of Sri Lanka are expected to reduce soil erosion and
also add significant amounts of plant nutrients to the soil via periodic prunings. The objective of this experiment was to characterize the biomass decomposition pattern and quantify the
amount of nutrients added through prunings of six tree species (Calliandra calothyrsus, Senna spectabilis, Euphatorium innulifolium, Flemingia congesta, Gliricidia sepium and Tithonia diversifolia) currently being used in hedgerows associated with tea. Withered leaf and stem prunings (50 g) were enclosed in 2-mm litter
bags, placed at 5-cm depth and retrieved after one, three, six, nine and 12 weeks. Loss of initial dry weight, N, P and K
was measured. Single exponential decay function adequately described both dry weight and nutrient loss. Tree species differed
significantly in their rate of breakdown with decomposition constants (k) varying from 0.0299 to 0.2006 week−1 for leaves and from 0.0225 to 0.0633 week−1 for stems. Gliricidia showed the highest k for leaves with the rest in the following descending order: Senna > Tithonia ≥ Euphatorium > Calliandra > Flemingia. A similar pattern was observed for loss of all nutrients with Calliandra and Flemingia always having lower k values than the rest. Although N immobilization was not observed, immobilization of P and K was observed
during the first week of incubation in some species, particularly in stem prunings. Annual biomass of prunings differed significantly
between tree species in the following descending order: Calliandra > Senna > Flemingia > Tithonia > Gliricidia > Euphatorium. Calliandra added the greatest amount of nutrients annually to the soil with Euphatorium adding the least. Calliandra prunings provided the annual total K requirement and 49% of the N requirement of mature tea. However, none of the species
provided more than 5% of the P requirement. It is concluded that among the tree species tested, Calliandra and Flemingia are the most suitable for contour hedgerows in tea plantations of this agroclimatic region because of their higher soil nutrient
enrichment capacity and slower decomposition rates which would minimize leaching losses.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
14.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
15.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
16.
本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
17.
《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):118-130
The effects of seed weight and seed type on seedling growth of Pinus sylvestris (L.) were studied by seeding individually weighed orchard and stand seed in different mixtures under harsh (direct seeding in field) and optimal (seeding in nursery) conditions. In the nursery experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased the seedling height by 10-27% and total weight by 27-113%, and decreased the height/diameter ratio by 5-6% after 2 yrs. With elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 2% taller than stand seedlings in year 2. Without elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller. In the field experiment an increase in the seed weight from 3 to 7 mg increased seedling height by 18-65%, stem volume by 81-274% and the number of top-buds by 23-34% in year 5. After elimination of seed weight effects, orchard seedlings were 7-13% taller than stand seedlings and without elimination of seed weight effects 20-21% taller after 5 yrs. Even after elimination of both seed weight and genetic effects orchard seedlings were 3-9% larger than stand seedlings in the field experiment. In conclusion, the influence of seed weight and seed type on growth traits and slenderness is highly significant and the influence seems to be greater in harsh conditions. 相似文献
18.
Astra Zaluma Lauma Bruna Darta Klavina Natalija Burnevica Kristine Kenigsvalde Andis Lazdins Talis Gaitnieks 《Forest Pathology》2019,49(6)
Heterobasidion parviporum and Heterobasidion annosum are widely distributed root‐rot fungi that infect conifers throughout Europe. Infection of conifer stumps by spores of these pathogens can be controlled by treating fresh stumps with a competing non‐pathogenic fungus, Phlebiopsis gigantea. In this study, growth of three Latvian strains of P. gigantea and the biological control agent ‘Rotstop’ strain was evaluated in stem pieces of Norway spruce, Scots pine, lodgepole pine, Douglas‐fir, Weymouth pine, Siberian larch and Sitka spruce. The growth rates of one H. parviporum and one H. annosum isolate were also measured in the same stem pieces. The growth rate of P. gigantea varied greatly in wood of different conifer species. It was higher in the three pine species, lower in Norway spruce and lowest in Sitka spruce and Siberian larch, and in Douglas‐fir, this fungus did not grow. The largest area of wood occupied by P. gigantea was in lodgepole pine. Growth of Latvian isolates of P. gigantea in the wood of Pinus and Picea species was comparable to that of the Rotstop isolate. Consequently, stump treatment with local P. gigantea isolates should be recommended. However, our results suggest that Douglas‐fir stump treatment against Heterobasidion by P. gigantea may be ineffective and other stump treatment methods should be considered. 相似文献
19.
Steven Maranz Amadou Niang Antoine Kalinganire Djeneba Konaté Bocary Kaya 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(3):231-239
Baobab leaves form an important part of the local diet in Sahel countries and elsewhere in Africa. Existing leaf nutritional
data and agroforestry performance information are based solely on Adansonia digitata L., the baobab of continental Africa. The introduction potential of Adansonia species from the center of diversity in Madagascar and from Australia remains untapped. To assess this potential, the mineral
contents and B1 and B2 vitamin levels of dried baobab leaves were determined for five-year old trees of A. digitata, A. gibbosa (A. Cunn.) Guymer ex D. Baum, A. rubrostipa Jum. & H. Perrier (syn. A. fony Baill.), A. perrieri Capuron and A. za Baill. grown in an introduction trial in Mali. Nutritional data were evaluated against survival and vigor to identify promising
germplasm. Leaf vitamin and crude protein contents were highest in the Madagascar species, especially A. rubrostipa (B1 88 mg 100 g−1, B2 187 mg 100 g−1, protein 20.7% dry weight). However, the local species far outperformed the introductions in survival, tree height, basal
diameter and resistance to termites. We suggest grafting as a way of harnessing the vigor of well-adapted local baobab varieties
to the superior nutritional profiles of A. rubrostipa and others. Cross-species grafting tests in Adansonia were successful, thus creating new agroforestry possibilities with different scion/rootstock combinations. 相似文献
20.
《Wood material science & engineering》2013,8(2):76-84
Abstract Wood in general and wooden studs in particular are often distorted owing to uneven shrinkage during the drying process in the sawmill. Twist is often the most detrimental of all types of distortion, and it is caused by spiral grain in combination with variations in moisture content. For sawmills, the objective is to produce dried, straight boards, and one method of dealing with boards with excessive spiral grain is to sort them out and then dry them in a pretwisted position to obtain straight boards after drying. A model using the finite element (FE) method for the simulation of drying twist distortions was first calibrated against laboratory experiments in which boards were dried with and without restraints and pretwists. After the calibration, the FE results were compared with industrial test results for boards that were dried without restraints or with restraints with zero pretwist, i.e. straight restraints. The FE model used an elastic–ideally plastic material model to obtain permanent deformations. The calibration was to set the yield stresses so that there was a good match between FE results and results from the laboratory experiments. The comparison between the industrial test results and the FE results showed that the FE model is capable of realistic simulations of drying boards with and without restraints and presumably also pretwists. 相似文献