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1.
Photoinhibition was examined in four co-occurring Mediterranean evergreen tree species during two consecutive winters. In response to low temperatures and saturating light, Juniperus phoenicea L., Pinus halepensis Mill., Quercus coccifera L. and Q. ilex ssp. ballota (Desf.) Samp. exhibited marked chronic photoinhibition, indicated by low predawn maximal photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII) (Fv/Fm). Low Fv/Fm values were correlated with high concentrations of xanthophyll cycle components (VAZ) and with the maintenance of high concentrations of zeaxanthin overnight (DPSpd). In all species, however, chronic photoinhibition was enhanced as the winter progressed in the absence of changes in DPSpd, suggesting cumulative damage toward the end of winter. Photoinhibition differed among species: P. halepensis always displayed significantly higher Fv/Fm values; and Q. coccifera had the lowest Fv/Fm values, showing a high sensitivity to the combination of high light and low temperatures. Differences among species were not fully explained by differences in the xanthophyll pool or its de-epoxidation state. Chronic photoinhibition overlapped with a dynamic photoinhibition as shown by the low values of photochemical efficiency of the open reaction centers of PSII at midday. Winter photoprotective strategies differed among species and may involve photoprotective mechanisms in addition to those associated with xanthophylls. The observed species-specific differences matched results obtained for the same species in summer; however, comparison of the two seasons suggests that the higher VAZ concentration observed in winter has an additional structural photoprotective role. 相似文献
2.
Susceptibility to low-temperature photoinhibition in three conifers differing in successional status 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Robakowski P 《Tree physiology》2005,25(9):1151-1160
Susceptibility to photoinhibition of the evergreen conifers Abies alba Mill., Picea abies (L.) Karst. and Pinus mugo Turra was investigated in an unheated greenhouse during winter and spring 2003. Photosynthetic performance of the seedlings was assessed by chlorophyll a fluorescence and analyses of chlorophyll and total carotenoid concentrations in needles. During winter months, maximum quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (ratio of variable to maximum fluorescence, Fv/Fm) was significantly greater in A. alba than in P. abies and P. mugo. Abies alba also sustained higher maximum apparent electron transport rate (ETRmax) than P. abies and P. mugo. Total concentrations of chlorophyll and carotenoids in needles decreased during the winter in P. mugo and P. abies, but remained stable in A. alba. For all species, Fv/Fm decreased from December until February and then increased to a maximum in April. Photoinhibition was greatest (Fv/Fm < 0.80) in all seedlings in February, the month with the lowest mean temperature. Saturating photosynthetic photon flux (PPFsat) and ETRmax were positively related to air temperature. All species had lower values of ETRmax and PPFsat in winter than in spring. Non-photochemical quenching of chlorophyll fluorescence (NPQ) was highest at low air temperatures. Differences among species in susceptibility to winter photoinhibition resulted from their specific light preferences and led to different mechanisms to cope with photoinhibitory stress. The more shade-tolerant A. alba sustained a higher photosynthetic capacity in winter than P. abies and P. mugo. Winter photoinhibition in P. abies, P. mugo and, to a lesser extent, in A. alba may reflect adaptive photoprotection of the photosynthetic apparatus in winter. 相似文献
3.
From January 1999 to May 2001, we investigated seasonal variations in the photosynthetic capacity of Taiwan spruce (Picea morrisonicola Hay.) growing in the subalpine region of subtropical Taiwan (23 degrees 29' N, 120 degrees 53' E, 2600 m a.s.l.). Photosynthetic capacity (near light-saturated net photosynthetic rate, Pnsat, chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) and soluble protein concentration of needles all increased from mid or late spring to early winter. Even when minimum air temperature of the measuring day dropped to near 0 degrees C, Pnsat remained at about 20% of the highest value observed in winter. There was a curvilinear relationship between Fv/Fm and the minimum or mean air temperature of the measuring day. The increase in Fv/Fm with temperature was slowed when the daily mean air temperature was above 7 degrees C, or the minimum air temperature was above 3 degrees C; however, when air temperatures dropped below these values, Fv/Fm varied sharply. Seasonal variations in Pnsat paralleled those in Fv/Fm and needle soluble protein concentration. In early or mid spring when air temperature and Fv/Fm increased, Pnsat and soluble protein concentration remained low. Multiple regression analysis showed that seasonal variations in Pnsat were affected by Fv/Fm, air temperature and needle soluble protein concentration, and the multiple regression equation could be used to estimate Pnsat in different seasons. We conclude that the decrease in photosynthetic capacity of Taiwan spruce in winter and its subsequent recovery in spring were mainly caused by photoinhibition and its reversal, and changes in needle soluble protein concentration. Another possible explanation for the delayed recovery of photosynthetic capacity in spring may be associated with the slow increase in needle soluble protein concentration. 相似文献
4.
不同桉树无性系幼苗叶片形态、生理特征的差异性比较 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以8个无性系桉树幼苗为试验材料,对其叶片形态、生理特征的差异性进行比较.结果表明:叶片形态特征、叶绿素含量和PSII电子传递最大潜力差异显著;PSII反应中心最大光能转换效率及实际光化学转换效率差异极显著.DH32-26、DH32-28幼苗叶片保水力和维持水分平衡能力中等,原生质耐脱水能力较好;DH33-27、GL-UG9叶片的保水力和维持水分平衡能力强,原生质忍耐脱水能力较差;DH184-1、GL-U4、GL-WC3幼苗叶片的保水力、维持水分平衡能力以及原生质耐脱水能力均为中等;DH201-2的保水力和维持水分平衡能力较差,原生质耐脱水能力中等.从叶片形态和生理特征方面综合评定DH184-1、GL-U4、GL-WC3为较优无性系. 相似文献
5.
Wenbing Guo Fencheng Zhao Yang Liu Zhen Li Huishan Wu Yiliang Li Fangyan Liao 《林业研究》2022,33(1):63-74
Pinus elliottii × P.caribaea is a widely planted commercial tree hybrid in South China.To investigate the potential of physiological parameters for clonal selection,cuttings of three clones (EH3,EH4 and EH5) and a control were grown in phosphorus treated pots.Significant vari-ations to phosphorous,photosystem Ⅱ activity and polar metabolite abundance in needles were noted among clones.Clone EH5 was the most P-responsive and had maximum height growth.The highest maximum quantum yield of PSⅡin the dark (Fv/Fm),maximum quantum yield of PSⅡ in the light (Fv'/Fm') and the actual PSⅡ efficiency (φPSⅡ) values were also found in EH5.A total of 64 polar metabolites were identified,21 were regulated by phosphorous,while 28 accumulated differentially among the three clones.There were few overlapping responsive metabolites to phosphorous fertilization.In EH5,the abundance of maltotriitol,neohes-peridin and raffinose were highest,whereas galactinol and shikimic acid were lower compared with EH3 and EH4.The results reveal that physiological traits were genetically con-trolled and might be useful for selecting clones with high phosphorous utilization efficiency. 相似文献
6.
Sveshnikov D Ensminger I Ivanov AG Campbell D Lloyd J Funk C Hüner NP Oquist G 《Tree physiology》2006,26(3):325-336
We studied the influence of two irradiances on cold acclimation and recovery of photosynthesis in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seedlings to assess mechanisms for quenching the excess energy captured by the photosynthetic apparatus. A shift in temperature from 20 to 5 degrees C caused a greater decrease in photosynthetic activity, measured by chlorophyll fluorescence and oxygen evolution, in plants exposed to moderate light (350 micromol m(-2) s(-1)) than in shaded plants (50 micromol m(-2) s(-1)). In response to the temperature shift, maximal photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII), measured as the ratio of variable to maximal chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm) of dark-adapted samples, decreased to 70% in exposed seedlings, whereas shaded seedlings maintained Fv/Fm close to initial values. After a further temperature decrease to -5 degrees C, only 8% of initial Fv/Fm remained in exposed plants, whereas shaded plants retained 40% of initial Fv/Fm. Seven days after transfer from -5 to 20 degrees C, recovery of photochemical efficiency was more complete in the shaded plants than in the exposed plants (87 and 65% of the initial Fv/Fm value, respectively). In response to cold stress, the estimated functional absorption cross section per remaining PSII reaction center increased at both irradiances, but the increase was more pronounced in exposed seedlings. Estimates of energy partitioning in the needles showed a much higher dissipative component in the exposed seedlings at low temperatures, pointing to stronger development of non-photochemical quenching at moderate irradiances. The de-epoxidation state of the xanthophyll cycle pigments increased in exposed seedlings at 5 degrees C, contributing to the quenching capacity, whereas significant de-epoxidation in the shaded plants was observed only when temperatures decreased to -5 degrees C. Thermoluminescence (TL) measurements of PSII revealed that charge recombinations between the second oxidation state of Mn-cluster S2 and the semireduced secondary electron acceptor quinone Q(B)- (S2Q(B)-) were shifted to lower temperatures in cold-acclimated seedlings compared with control seedlings and this effect depended on irradiance. Concomitant with this, cold-acclimated seedlings demonstrated a significant shift in the S2 recombination with primary acceptor Q(A)- (S2Q(A)-) characteristic TL emission peak to higher temperatures, thus narrowing the redox potential gap between S2Q(B)- and S2Q(A)-, which might result in increased probability for non-radiative radical pair recombination between the PSII reaction center chlorophyll a (P680+) and Q(A)- (P680+)Q(A)-) (reaction center quenching) in cold-acclimated seedlings. In Scots pine seedlings, mechanisms of quenching excess light energy in winter therefore involve light-dependent regulation of reaction center content and both reaction center-based and antenna-based quenching of excess light energy, enabling them to withstand high excitation pressure under northern winter conditions. 相似文献
7.
水分胁迫对美国山核桃叶绿素荧光参数的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
研究水分胁迫对美国山核桃叶绿素荧光参数的影响,以探究水分胁迫损伤光合作用的机理.结果表明:在离体快速干旱水分胁迫处理方式下,美国山核桃叶片F o、Fm、F v/Fm、F v/F o、qP在离体6 h时均下降,但降低幅度不大;Y ield和qN在离体6 h时分别显著下降和上升,此说明美国山核桃苗遭遇水分胁迫时,叶片的PS II反应中心电子传递活性受到了一定程度的影响,但影响不大;光合电子传递速率明显下降,PS II反应中心耗散过剩光能的能力增强,其可作为品种耐旱能力的鉴定指标. 相似文献
8.
Azamal Husen 《New Forests》2009,38(2):117-129
About 19 clones of shisham (Dalbergia sissoo Roxb.) were raised by using healthy coppice shoot cuttings. After 2 year of establishment and growth, they were examined
to identify suitable clone of shisham at nursery stage. Clones were studied for growth (height and basal diameter), chlorophyll
fluorescence (Fv/Fm) and biochemical contents (chlorophyll a, b, total chlorophyll, free amino acids, total soluble proteins,
total soluble sugars, starch and reducing sugar) in the leaves. Clone C2 and C3 (Gonda, Uttar Pradesh, India) had the highest
growth and the chlorophyll fluorescence rate among examined clones. Between these two clones, C2 gave the highest response
on height, basal diameter and Fv/Fm. Except free amino acids, all other biochemical contents were greater in the clones belonging
to Gonda, Uttar Pradesh, India. Growth parameters, i.e. height and basal diameter increment at nursery stage had a positive
correlation with all the studied parameters, except free amino acid and total soluble protein. These findings have demonstrated
that there are remarkable clonal variations in growth, physiological and biochemical responses at nursery stage. Thus, physiological
and biochemical markers can enhance selection efficiency, in addition to growth characteristics such as height and basal diameter
as these have practical value in the tree improvement. The study suggests that clones of Gonda, Uttar Pradesh, India had the
best performance and could be further tested in plantation programs. 相似文献
9.
5种红山茶叶绿素荧光特性的比较研究 总被引：34，自引：3，他引：34
在大四条件下，通过对五种红山茶的叶绿素荧光特性研究，结果表明，不同亚组、同一亚组不同系之间的叶绿素荧光参数值存在差异．且亚组间大于亚组内。初始荧光(FO)、最大荧光(Fm)、RSⅡ最大光化学效率(Fv／Fm)、PSⅡ实际光化学效率(Yield／ΦPSⅡ)、表观电子传递速率(ETR)的日变化与光强有关．其中，Fm、Fv／Fm、Yield随光强的变化呈相同的变化趋势，呈单谷曲线；而ETR则相反呈单峰曲线；FO呈双峰曲线。不同树种的荧光参数日变化幅度存在差异。 相似文献
10.
He Wang Huihui Zhang Yushu Liu Jinghong Long Liang Meng Nan Xu Jinbo Li Haixiu Zhong Yining Wu 《林业研究》2019,(4):1209-1219
The solution culture method was used to study the effect of increasing nitrogen on the growth and pho-tosynthesis of poplar seedlings under 100 mmol L-1 NaCl stress. I Increase in nitrogen reduced stomatal limitation of leaves under NaCl stress, improved utilization of CO2 by mesophyll cells, enhanced photosynthetic carbon assimi-lation capacity, significantly alleviated saline damage of NaCl, and promoted the accumulation of aboveground and root biomass. I Increased nitrogen enhanced photochemical efficiency (ΦPSⅡ) and electron transport rates, relieved the reduction of maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) under NaCl, and reduced the degree of photoinhibition caused by NaCl stress. Increased nitrogen applications reduced the proportion of energy dissipating in the form of ineffective heat energy and hence a greater proportion of light energy absorbed by leaves was allocated to photo-chemical reactions. Under treatment with increased nitro-gen, the synergistic effect of heat dissipation and the xanthophyll cycle in the leaves effectively protected pho-tosynthetic PSⅡ and enhanced light energy utilization of leaves under NaCl stress. The increased nitrogen promoted photosynthetic electron supply and transport ability under NaCl stress evident in enhanced functioning of the oxygen-evolving complex on the electron donor side of PS Ⅱ. It increased the ability of the receptor pool to accept electrons on the PSII electron acceptor side and improved the sta-bility of thylakoid membranes under NaCl stress. Therefore, increasing nitrogen applications under NaCl stress can promote poplar growth by improving the effi-ciency of light energy utilization. 相似文献
11.
Populations of cork oak (Quercus suber L.) were assessed for seasonal and inter-population variability in, and temperature responses of, the ratio between light-induced variable and maximum fluorescence of chlorophyll, Fv/Fm, considered a surrogate for the maximum photochemical efficiency of photosystem II (PSII). Seedlings from 10 populations throughout the distribution range of Q. suber in the Mediterranean basin were grown in a common garden in central Spain. The Fv/Fm ratio of dark-adapted leaves was measured at dawn every month for 2 years. Air temperature was recorded at a nearby climatic station. During the summer, when maximum air temperatures reached 40 degrees C, there were no significant differences in Fv/Fm among populations, but significant differences were seen during the winter. In colder months, Fv/Fm ranged in all populations between 0.5-0.6 and 0.2-0.3 in 2001 and 2002, respectively. The variance explained by the population effect was greatest during winter months, especially in 2002, reaching a peak value of 10% when minimum air temperature was below -10 degrees C. Populations originating from warmer sites showed the largest decline in Fv/Fm between the end of 2001 and the beginning of 2002. Thus, a negative linear relationship was established between mean annual temperature at the population source and population mean Fv/Fm recorded in the coldest month in 2002 and normalized by the Fv/Fm spring measurement. 相似文献
12.
GAO Jian PENG Zhen-hua 《林业研究》2006,17(4):269-272
Introduction Salinity is a major factor in inhibiting plant growth and decreasing forest productivity. Up to 1997, the total area affected by salinity in the world had amounted to 930 million hm2 (FAO), and is still increasing. A global study of land use … 相似文献
13.
Effects of chilling-dependent photoinhibition on gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence, growth and nutrition of Eucalyptus nitens (Deane and Maiden) Maiden seedlings were assessed for 70 weeks after transplanting 9-month-old seedlings in early winter. One month before transplanting, the seedlings were assigned to fertilized or nutrient-deprived treatments. Immediately after transplanting, half the seedlings in each nutrient treatment were placed in shadecloth tree shelters. The experimental site was at an altitude of 700 m, which is considered marginal for the establishment of E. nitens plantations in Tasmania because of low mean annual minimum temperatures. Overnight frosts followed by sunny morning conditions in the first 20 weeks after transplanting (early June to early October) caused severe photoinhibition. Predawn maximal photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) and maximum net photosynthesis (Amax) were depressed in nutrient-deprived seedlings compared with fertilized seedlings, although shading partially alleviated this difference. Neither Fv/Fm nor Amax recovered to values observed before transplanting until > 20 weeks after transplanting. During this period, non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) was high in seedlings in all treatments, although NPQ was lower in shaded, fertilized seedlings than in seedlings in the other treatments. Total foliar nitrogen (N) concentration increased up to 42 weeks after transplanting in the nutrient-deprived seedlings in parallel with increasing relative growth rate (RGR). Fractionation of N- and phosphorus (P)-containing compounds indicated that differences in protein N accounted for the treatment differences in total seedling N. Nucleic acid P increased and inorganic P decreased during growth periods, although total seedling P remained constant. Among treated seedlings, height growth was greatest in shaded seedlings: this was probably a result of apical dominance effects because RGR was higher in unshaded seedlings than in shaded seedlings. Thus, the shade treatment alleviated chilling-dependent photoinhibition and maximized growth during winter, but limited growth during warmer periods and therefore overall growth. 相似文献
14.
NaCl胁迫对毛白杨试管小植株叶片离子吸收及荧光诱导动力学参 … 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为更好地利用盐渍化土壤,培育耐盐植株,以毛白杨试管小植株为材料,对ＮａＣｌ胁迫下小植株叶片、离子吸收及荧光诱导动力学参数进行了研究,结果表明,ＮａＣｌ胁迫下,随培养基中ＮａＣｌ浓度的增加,毛白杨试管小植株叶片中Ｋ＾＋含量逐渐减少,Ｎａ＋含量逐渐递增。培养基中ＮａＣｌ浓度达到０．３％时,随叶序由顶叶至基叶,Ｋdisplay status 相似文献
15.
以少穗竹为研究对象,利用IMAGING-PAM对其进行了荧光成像诱导等研究,结果表明:①:从荧光诱导曲线,Y、qP和rETR值均很低,后均逐渐达到稳态.其中Y、rETR、qP均为一直升高并达到稳态变化趋势一致,NPQ则有一个先升高再降低逐步达到稳态的过程.②根据快速光曲线的拟合可以得到少穗竹Ik=145.273 4、α=0.200312、rETRmax=29.1.③少穗竹各荧光参数存在着大小不一的异质性,除PSII最大量子产量Fv/Fm、吸光系数Abs以外,其他参数均存在较大的异质性.其中PSII实际量子产量Y、光化学淬灭qP和相对电子传递速率PS/5O的变化基本一致,而非光化学淬灭NPQ/4的变化与前三者相反. 相似文献
16.
The photosynthetic characteristics of current-year stems of six deciduous tree species, two evergreen tree species and ginkgo (Ginkgo biloba L.) were compared. Gas exchange, chlorophyll concentration, nitrogen concentration and maximum quantum yield of PSII were measured in stems in summer and winter. A light-induced decrease in stem CO(2) efflux was observed in all species. The apparent gross photosynthetic rate in saturating light ranged from 0.72 micromol m(-2 )s(-1) (ginkgo, in winter) to 3.73 micromol m(-2) s(-1) (Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn., in summer). Despite this variability, a unique correlation (slope = 0.75), based on our results and those reported in the literature, was found between gross photosynthetic rate and dark respiration rate. Mass-based gross photosynthetic rate decreased with stem mass per area and correlated to chlorophyll concentration and nitrogen concentration, both in summer and winter. The radial distribution of stem chlorophyll differed among species, but all species except ginkgo had chlorophyll as deep as the pith. In summer, the maximum quantum yield of stem PSII (estimated from the ratio of variable to maximal fluorescence; F (v)/F (m)) of all species was near the optimal value found for leaves. By contrast, the values were highly variable in winter, suggesting large differences in sensitivity to low-temperature photoinhibition. The winter values of Fv/Fm were only 31-60% of summer values for the deciduous species, whereas the evergreen conifer species maintained high F (v)/F (m) in winter. The results highlight the interspecific variability of gross photosynthesis in the stem and its correlation with structural traits like those found for leaves. The structural correlations suggest that the selection of photosynthetic traits has operated under similar constraints in stems and leaves. 相似文献
17.
We used chlorophyll fluorescence techniques to investigate responses of Photosystem II (PSII) quantum yield to light availability in the short term (quantum flux density integrated over the measurement day, Qd) and in the long term (Qd averaged over the season, Qs) in a mixed deciduous forest comprising shade-tolerant and water-stress-sensitive Tilia cordata Mill. in the lower canopy and shade-intolerant and water-stress-resistant Populus tremula L. in the upper canopy. In both species, intrinsic efficiency of PSII in the dark-adapted state (Fv/Fm) was lower during the day than during the night, and the difference in Fv/Fm between day and night increased with increasing Qs. Although the capacity for photosynthetic electron transport increased with increasing Qs in both species, maximum quantum efficiency of PSII in the light-adapted state (alpha) decreased with increasing Qs. At a common Qs, alpha was lower in T. cordata than in P. tremula primarily because of a higher fraction of closed PSII centers, and to a smaller extent because of limited, non-radiative, excitation energy dissipation in the pigment bed in T. cordata. Across both species, photochemical quenching (qP), which measures the openness of PSII centers, varied more than fivefold, but the efficiency of excitation energy capture by open PSII centers (Fv'/Fm'), which is an estimate of non-radiative excitation energy dissipation in PSII antennae, varied by only 50%. Chlorophyll turnover rates increased with increasing irradiance, especially in T. cordata, possibly because of increased photodestruction. Diurnal measurements of PSII quantum yields (PhiPSII) indicated that, under similar environmental conditions, PhiPSII was always lower in the afternoon than in the morning, and the fraction of daily integrated photosynthetic electron transport lost because of diurnal declines in PhiPSII (Delta) increased with increasing Qd. At a common Qd, mean daily PSII center reduction state, the fraction of light in excess (1 - fractions of light used in photochemistry and dissipated as heat) and Delta were higher in T. cordata than in P. tremula. This was attributed to greater stomatal closure during the day, which led to a greater reduction in the requirement for assimilative electron flow in T. cordata. Across both species, Delta scaled negatively with the fraction of light utilized photochemically, demonstrating the leading role of PSII center openness in maintaining high PSII efficiency. Because photosynthesis (A) at current ambient carbon dioxide concentration is limited by CO2 availability in high light and mainly by photosynthetic electron transport rates in low light, overall daily down-regulation of PhiPSII primarily influences A in low light. Given that foliar water stress scales positively with Qs in both species, we conclude that the inverse patterns of variation in water and light availabilities in the canopy result in a greater decline in A than is predicted by decreases in stomatal conductance alone. 相似文献
18.
Leaves developing in different irradiances undergo structural and functional acclimation, although the extent of trait plasticity is species specific. We tested the hypothesis that irradiance-induced plasticity of photosynthetic and anatomical traits is lower in highly shade-tolerant species than in moderately shade-tolerant species. Seedlings of two evergreen conifers, shade-tolerant Abies alba Mill. and moderately shade-tolerant Picea abies Karst., and two deciduous angiosperm species, highly shade-tolerant Fagus sylvatica L. and moderately shade-tolerant Acer pseudoplatanus L., were grown in deep shade (LL, 5% of full irradiance) or in full solar irradiance (HL) during 2003 and 2004. Steady state responses of quantum yield of PSII (Phi(PSII)), apparent electron transport rate (ETR), nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ) and photochemical quenching (qP) were generally modified by the light environment, with slower declines in Phi(PSII) and qP and greater maximal ETR and NPQ values in HL plants in at least one season; however, no link between quantitative measures of plasticity of these traits and shade tolerance was found. Plasticity of nine anatomical traits (including palisade cell length, which was reduced in LL) showed no relationship with shade tolerance, but was less in conifers than in deciduous trees, suggesting that leaf life span may be a significant correlate of plasticity. When LL-acclimated plants were exposed to HL conditions, the degree and duration of photoinhibition (measured as a decline in maximum quantum yield) was greatest in F. sylvatica, much lower in P. abies and A. alba, and lowest in A. pseudoplatanus. Thus, as with the other traits studied, vulnerability to photoinhibition showed no relationship with shade tolerance. 相似文献
19.