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<正> 橡子(树)是壳斗科(Fagaceae)中一些植物的通称。它是在地史上,没有受到冰川侵蚀的地方(包括我县)保存下来的第三纪古老植物之一。本文重点研究壳斗科中栎属的利用和造林问题。在栎属(Quercus)中,我县有麻栎(白枣子)、栓皮栎(软木栎)、蒙古栎(柞树)、辽东栎(柴树)、槲栎(青杏子)、槲树(桲栎)等六种,通称橡子。橡子的适应性较强,分布较广,不论是花岗岩、片麻岩的北部山区和石灰岩的南部山区,生长都比较良好, 相似文献
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柞树副产物的利用价值 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
柞树,学名蒙栎(Quercus monglicaFisch)为壳斗科落叶乔木。我国利用柞树有悠久的历史。晋朝用橡票作军粮,称之为“河东饭”。《救荒本草》中记述了橡子的加工方法。在国外,很多国家都有利用橡宵作饲料和代食品的习惯;德国把橡实作成咖啡和蔻蔻的代用品。1 饲用。柞树的叶,种子是牛、羊猪、兔、鹿的 相似文献
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橡实种仁含有丰富的营养物质,特别是淀粉的含量很高,可酿酒,也可做饲料等,橡壳中含有色素,可以用来提取食用橡子壳棕色素,还可用于制作糠醛和活性炭等。通过对8个种源,32个蒙古栎林分进行的单果重、坚果横径、坚果侧径、果顶高和果顶宽等数量性状的测定,表明5个性状之间的差异性极其显著。根据数量性状的差异性以及测定值的分布幅度,我们对5个数量性状进行描述,然后进行了5个级次的分级。 相似文献
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抚顺橡实资源非常丰富,据统计,抚顺地区柞树总面积33万hm2,蓄积2519万m3,每年橡子产量可达20万t。橡实营养丰富,橡实开发利用的前景十分广阔。对橡仁、橡壳进行综合利用,可以生产出淀粉、色素及一系列副产品,同时还可以将橡实淀粉加工成生物能源,从而提高产品的科技含量和经济价值。针对抚顺地区橡实资源利用的现状,提出了旨在充分发挥资源优势、扩大利用规模、提高经济效益的开发利用的对策。 相似文献
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Nguyen Toan Thang Tran Van Do Tamotsu Sato Nguyen Trong Binh Osamu Kozan Ngo Van Cam 《Small-Scale Forestry》2016,15(2):229-239
Chestnuts have historical importance as a food source worldwide. Planting of chestnuts has focused on a few species, including Castanea dentata, Castanea sativa, Castanea mollissima, and Castanea crenata, although others species are also edible. Castanea species are members of the beech family (Fagaceae) and are native to tropical and temperate areas. In this study, the yield and nut quality of Castanopsis piriformis in natural forests of the Central Highlands of Vietnam were investigated to provide evidence that C. piriformis is worth growing as a food species. Data were collected from 12 plots of 50 m × 50 m size located in four altitude zones. Nuts were collected from three to five chestnut trees in each plot judged to be of typical sized based on diameter at breast height and crown diameter. Average dry yield of nuts was found to be elevation-dependent, being highest at 500–1000 m (1152 kg/ha/year), decreasing to 815 kg/ha/year below 500 m, and to 770 kg/ha/year at 1000–1500 m. The lowest yield was observed at above 1500 m (252 kg/ha/year). Protein and lipid contents in the kernels of C. piriformis chestnut were 4.4 and 0.1 %, respectively. Glucose accounted for 73.1 % and was significantly higher than that of commercially grown Castanopsis boisii chestnuts in Northern Vietnam. With the current price of 0.6 US$/kg nuts, collecting nuts growing in natural forest can bring at least 480 US$/ha/year to local people. These results indicate the possibility of growing and consuming C. piriformis chestnut as a crop to decrease poverty. However, governmental support is required for the sustainable development of C. piriformis. 相似文献
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湖南省栎类资源开发利用研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
对湖南省栎类资源的分布特点,开发利用现状,开发利用途径及开发利用策略进行研究。湖南省栎类资源丰富,分布广泛,是本省残存不多的天然阔叶林中的优势种,有很高的经济价值,除传统上作为用材、淀粉资源、鞣料资源外,还可作为薪炭材、利用栓皮、培养菌菇、饲养柞蚕等;同时还具有涵养水源、保持水土、维持生态平衡等诸多极为重要的生态效益。栎类在本省的分布表现出明显的地带性差异和地域性特点,构成相对集中于湘东、湘南、湘西北山地一线,呈“马蹄形”分布的格局。由于常与其他树种混交,资源零星分散,且分布偏远,造成利用困难。对栎类资源的开发利用必须将保护现有栎类资源,发挥生态效益放在首位;对资源丰富的重要商品原料可加大开发力度;对一些有重要经济价值的栎类树种可进行人工驯化栽培。在开发利用模式上,要走立体开发、综合利用,可持续发展的道路,并注重深加工和新产品开发,将栎类资源优势转变为经济优势。 相似文献
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Xiaolu Tang Lutz Fehrmann Fengying Guan David I. Forrester Rubén Guisasola César Pérez-Cruzado Torsten Vor Yuanchang Lu Juan Gabriel Álvarez-González Christoph Kleinn 《Annals of Forest Science》2017,74(1):12
Key message
A generalized algebraic difference approach (GADA) developed in this study improved the estimation of aboveground biomass dynamics of Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook and Castanopsis sclerophylla (Lindl.) Schott forests. This could significantly improve the fieldwork efficiency for dynamic biomass estimation without repeated measurements.Context
The estimation of biomass growth dynamics and stocks is a fundamental requirement for evaluating both the capability and potential of forest carbon sequestration. However, the biomass dynamics of Cunninghamia lanceolata and Castanopsis sclerophylla using the generalized algebraic difference approach (GADA) model has not been made to date.Aims
This study aimed to quantify aboveground biomass (AGB, including stem, branch and leaf biomass) dynamics and AGB increment in C. lanceolata and C. sclerophylla forests by combining a GADA for diameter prediction with allometric biomass models.Methods
A total of 12 plots for a C. lanceolata plantation and 11 plots for a C. sclerophylla forest were selected randomly from a 100 m × 100 m systematic grid placed over the study area. GADA model was developed based on tree ring data for each stand.Results
GADA models performed well for diameter prediction and successfully predicted AGB dynamics for both stands. The mean AGB of the C. lanceolata stand ranged from 69.4 ± 7.7 Mg ha?1 in 2010 to 102.5 ± 11.4 Mg ha?1 in 2013, compared to 136.9 ± 7.0 Mg ha?1 in 2010 to 154.8 ± 8.0 Mg ha?1 in 2013 for C. sclerophylla. The stem was the main component of AGB stocks and production. Significantly higher production efficiency (stem production/leaf area index) and AGB increment was observed for C. lancolata compared to C. sclerophylla.Conclusion
Dynamic GADA models could overcome the limitations posed by within-stand competition and limited biometric data, can be applied to study AGB dynamics and AGB increment, and contribute to improving our understanding of net primary production and carbon sequestration dynamics in forest ecosystems.14.
以上海市佘山国家森林公园主要森林植被类型的群落学调查资料为基础,通过应用群落相似性和物种多样性测度方法进行计算分析,对该区域的主要森林群落类型、植物多样性特征及其演替趋势进行了分析研究。结果表明:佘山国家森林公园主要由白栎林、毛竹林、香樟林、朴树-榉树林、朴树-刺槐林、梧桐林和枫香-刺槐林等7种森林类型组成; 现有森林植被的植物多样性明显低于邻近的浙江地区,其树种组成也明显偏重于落叶树种,以榆科植物、壳斗科栎类树种为主,而常绿树种则只有香樟、苦槠、毛竹、女贞等少数几个建群种;从森林演替趋势看,未来上海佘山地区的森林主要为三大类:以白栎为主的地带性森林群落,毛竹林和以樟科、榆科、木犀科等科树种组成的常绿、落叶混交林。 相似文献
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刘春华 《中南林业科技大学学报(自然科学版)》2006,26(3):47-50
在30年生马尾松林下进行了不同阔叶树种套种试验.结果表明:在马尾松林冠下套种不同阔叶树种生长存在明显差异,其蓄积大小排序为拉氏栲>格氏栲>青栲>苦槠,其中20年生拉氏栲的年平均蓄积生长量分别是格氏栲、青栲和苦槠的1.06、1.26和1.49倍;拉氏栲和格氏栲是马尾松林冠下套种的首选树种,生长中等的树种有青栲,苦槠生长较差,不适宜作为马尾松林冠下造林树种;利用马尾松林分具有林冠稀疏和透光度大的特点,在马尾松林冠下套种拉氏栲、格氏栲不仅能充分利用林分地上和地下的空间,而且对于减轻马尾松林松毛虫危害具有重要现实意义,是值得南方林区大力推广的林冠下套种模式. 相似文献
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Xiping Cheng Kiyoshi Umeki Tsuyoshi Honjo Daijiro Mizusaki 《Journal of Forest Research》2014,19(1):86-96
We analyzed basal area (BA) growth using growth data obtained from permanent plots over 4 years for five major tree species in Anhui Province, eastern China. The studied species were dominant conifers (Pinus massoniana and Cunninghamia lanceolata) and co-dominant broad-leaved species (Castanopsis eyrei, Castanopsis sclerophylla, and Loropetalum chinense). A hierarchical Bayesian approach was used to estimate species-specific parameters and to quantify a spatially autocorrelated random effect. We selected a model that included only the following relevant predictor variables: initial size, asymmetric competition, spatially autocorrelated random effect, and random effect associated with plots. For all species analyzed, the model accounted for significant proportions of the variation (R 2 = 70–98 %) in BA growth rates. The initial slope of the relationship between BA growth rate and the initial BA tended to be steeper for P. massoniana than for C. lanceolata. The BA growth rate increased from an initial low value and then leveled off, with a lower maximum BA growth rate for C. lanceolata than for P. massoniana. The BA growth rate of P. massoniana was significantly affected by asymmetric competition with neighbors. The results of our analyses were used to predict to what extent thinning neighboring trees at different intensities would reduce competition impacts on BA growth of P. massoniana and C. lanceolata. Our results also helped to clarify the ecological characteristics of the species analyzed, as well as the spatial distribution of unknown factors influencing tree growth. 相似文献
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Polyphenol oxidase from Castanea henryi nuts was partially purified. Some characteristics of the enzyme were then determined to help devise measures for the prevention of undesirable enzymatic browning during storage and processing of the nuts. Preparation of acetone powder extracts of the nuts, ammonium sulfate precipitation, dialysis, and gel filtration resulted in 37-fold purification of the enzyme with a yield of 13%. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the excitation spectrum confirmed the enzyme preparation to be homogeneous. The approximate molecular weight of the enzyme was determined by gel filtration to be 69kD. The enzyme catalyzed the oxidation of catechol and pyrogallic acid as substrates but did not affect cresol or tyrosine. Using catechol as substrate, p-nitrophenol, thiourea, orcinol, and naphthol showed strong inhibition. The optimal pH and temperature for the enzyme were pH 5.0 and 40°C, respectively. The enzyme proved heat labile. When the enzyme was incubated at 70°C for 30min, the remaining activity of the enzyme was only 8%. Possible approaches to applying the results of this study to the prevention of enzymatic browning in the production of C. henryi nuts is also discussed. 相似文献
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Anne C. Lang Werner Härdtle Helge Bruelheide Christian Geißler Karin Nadrowski Andreas Schuldt Mingjian Yu Goddert von Oheimb 《Forest Ecology and Management》2010
Trees are able to respond to their local biotic and abiotic environment with morphological adjustments which improve resource acquisition and, thus, growth. In forests, light is broadly recognised as one of the major factors determining growth, and morphological responses comprise changes in crown architecture and stem stature. On sloping terrain, the interplay of phototropism and gravitropism may further affect morphological growth characteristics. However, different tree species are expected to show species-specific responses. In this study, we analysed three growth characteristics of tree individuals belonging to four species of two functional groups (evergreen: Schima superba, Castanopsis eyrei, deciduous: Quercus serrata var. brevipetiolata, Castanea henryi) in a species-rich Chinese subtropical forest. Crown projection area, relative crown displacement and stem inclination were related to biotic (local species richness, functional richness, competition, stand age) and abiotic (slope aspect and inclination, soil depth) variables in the local neighbourhood of the tree individuals. We hypothesised that (i) there are species-specific differences in the morphological response of crown architecture and stem stature and (ii) that crown size and asymmetry as well as stem inclination are influenced by both, biotic and abiotic factors. In contrast to our expectations we were unable to reveal any species-specific differences in any of the three growth characteristics. The results of mixed effects models showed that crown area was mainly affected by the target tree's dbh and biotic variables related to neighbours (competition, functional diversity), whereas stem inclination was mainly influenced by slope. Relative crown displacement was influenced by both, biotic and abiotic variables. We conclude that growth responses resulting in crown displacement and stem inclination seem to be an important mechanism to ameliorate foraging for light in our study area, but that these responses appear to be species-independent. The interplay of stem inclination and crown displacement allows for a plastic response of tree individuals in biotically and abiotically heterogeneous environments. Our results indicate that forest management in this region should focus on functionally diverse stands which are promoting crown area positively resulting in increased growth rates of individual trees. 相似文献
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Leaf litter decomposition of Castanopsis fissa, Cinnamomum camphora, Michelia macclurei and Mytilaria laosensis in mixed broad-leaved plantation and pine plantation was studied by the litterbag method for 1 year. Leaf litter decomposition rates of the four species were highest in Cinnamomum camphora, followed by Mytilaria laosensis, Michelia macclurei, and Castanopsis fissa. The decomposition rates of all four species were higher in the mixed than in pine plantation. The decomposition processes of all species followed Olson’s exponential model. The decomposition coefficients (k) of all species were also higher in the mixed plantation and had the same order as the decomposition rates. The nitrogen contents of leaf litter of the different species studied increased initially and then decreased with time. Net release of N only occurred in pine plantation. Potassium contents appeared to decrease first but later increase, and net release was only found in mixed plantation. Calcium, magnesium and boron all showed similar pattern of initial increase followed by later decrease. They all had net release in both mixed and pine plantations. The release of phosphorus varied greatly between species and showed no clear trend. 相似文献