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干旱胁迫对辣椒果实中辣椒素、二氢辣椒素及VC含量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以湘研5号辣椒为试材,采用盆栽控水试验,设置轻度干旱、中度干旱和正常灌水(对照)3个水分梯度,研究干旱胁迫对辣椒果实中辣椒素、二氢辣椒素和VC含量的影响,同时研究了干旱胁迫后植株叶片光合特性的变化。结果表明:在开花后60d,轻度干旱处理能显著提高辣椒果实中辣椒素和二氢辣椒素的含量,分别比对照提高63.36%和63.03%。在开花后40d和50d,不同程度的干旱胁迫均能显著提高辣椒果实中的VC含量。在开花后60d,轻度干旱处理使辣椒果实中的VC含量达到最高,而中度干旱胁迫下辣椒果实中的VC含量显著低于对照。不同程度的干旱胁迫处理后,辣椒植株的净光合速率均呈现先上升后下降的趋势,并且随着干旱程度的增加而逐渐降低。 相似文献
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甲壳素对苹果幼苗抗旱生理效应的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
用Hogland营养液水培1 a生"嘎拉"苹果幼苗为材料,研究了在培养液中加入0.5%(W/V)甲壳素对PEG(20%)诱导的水分胁迫条件下叶片光合参数、活性氧和脯氨酸含量的影响.结果表明:甲壳素可以有效提高叶片的净光合速率,提高叶片气孔导度,增强叶片的蒸腾作用,缓解了由于干旱胁迫对光合作用的影响.研究发现,培养液中加入甲壳素的水分胁迫使植株叶片的叶绿素的含量明显高于对照,过氧化氢含量明显低于对照. 相似文献
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干旱胁迫对园林绿化中3种观赏果树生理指标的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国南方果树》2017,(3)
以3种常见观赏果树苗木:枇杷、樱桃、石榴为材料,正常水分条件为对照,研究3种观赏果树苗木叶片中丙二醛(MDA)、脯氨酸(pro)、可溶性糖(WSS)、过氧化物酶(POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、叶绿素生理指标受干旱胁迫影响的动态变化。结果表明,随着干旱胁迫程度的加深,MDA、pro、WSS含量逐渐升高,干旱胁迫第26d(重度干旱)时其含量皆显著高于对照(p0.05)。而POD、SOD及叶绿体含量表现出先增大后减小的规律,在中度干旱(11~16d)胁迫期间达到最大值。经过主成分分析得出,3种苗木抗旱性大小排序为:石榴樱桃枇杷,石榴抗旱性最强。 相似文献
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干旱胁迫对鸢尾属5种观赏地被植物部分生理代谢的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
就干旱胁迫对鸢尾属5种观赏地被植物部分生理代谢的影响进行了分析.结果表明:干旱胁迫下细胞膜脂氧化产物MDA含量及叶片相对电导率均有不同程度升高,其中以马蔺(Iris lacteal var.chinensis)和溪荪(J.sanguinea)上升的幅度较大;抗氧化酶SOD活性和抗氧化酶调节物质游离脯氨酸的含量随干旱胁迫时间的延长含量呈上升趋势;合成代谢叶绿素含量随干旱胁迫时间的延长先降后升,而可溶性糖含量水平随干旱胁迫时间的延长先升高而后逐渐降低. 相似文献
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探讨了以叶片水势((?)_L)、气孔阻力(Rs)、蒸腾速率(Tr)作为果树水分亏缺指标的可行性.结果表明:黎明前(?)_L与上午10时左右的净光合速率(Pn)Tr以及果实直径、土壤水分含量明显相关;晴朗天气下,上午10时左右的Rs、Tr对水分亏缺反应明显,与(?)_L、Pn、果实直径增长、土壤含水量明显相关.三个指标较好地反映出与树体水分亏缺相联系的生理过程及土壤含水量,可作为评估树体水分状况适宜程度的良好指标.研究也证明:相同条件下,树体各部分三指标的大小不同,根据灌溉应满足树体水分竞争代谢“弱者”的原则,(?)L的取样部位应为树冠上部枝条的下位叶,而Rs、Tr则为内膛无果短梢叶. 相似文献
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J Girona A Arbones T. M. Dejong 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(2):308-315
SummaryThe combined effect of fruit load and water stress on fruit water content and dry-matter accumulation was analysed for three phenological stages of fruit growth. Irrigation treatments were no irrigation during Stage I (NI-SI), Stage II (NI-SII), or Stage III (NI-SIII) compared with a fully irrigated control. Three thinning treatments were imposed within each irrigation treatment resulting in fruit loads ranging from low to high. Fruit harvests at the end of Stage I, II and III were used to determine total tree fruit fresh and dry matter after each stage of fruit development. Fruit water accumulation was highly sensitive to the effect of water stress at high fruit loads in all fruit developmental phases, but reductions in fruit water content were more apparent during Stages II and III than during Stage I. On the other hand, fruit dry-matter accumulation was relatively insensitive to water stress at any fruit load level and developmental stage. However, reductions in dry-matter accumulation were obtained during Stage III from those trees that were not irrigated during Stage I (NISI). Since these reductions occurred only for mid-to-high fruit load conditions, the decreases in fruit growth during Stage III appeared to be related to a carbon source limitation. The possible reasons for this source limitation are discussed. 相似文献
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调亏灌溉条件下鸭梨营养生长、产量和果实品质反应的研究 总被引：23，自引：1，他引：23
调亏灌溉条件下的研究结果表明,无论在1期(萌芽至盛花后25d)还是在2期(盛花后25～80d)进行调亏灌溉,树体营养生长受到显著抑制,新梢长度较对照下降15%～25%,夏季修剪量减少18%～33%,树体叶片的相对含水量显著下降,对成龄叶片叶面积和比叶重的影响差异不显著。各处理其花朵坐果率均大于85%,没有显著抑制果径和果实鲜重的增长。在水分胁迫处理结束时,2期胁迫和1+2胁迫处理果实的可溶性固形物含量、还原糖含量和全K含量显著高于对照,1+2胁迫处理的果径和果实鲜重也受到了显著抑制。在采收时各水分胁迫处理与对照相比,在产量、单果重和果实可溶性固形物含量方面无显著差异。 相似文献
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水分胁迫期间及胁迫解除后苹果树源叶碳同化物代谢规律的研究 总被引：15，自引：1，他引：14
在苹果果实生长早期进行水分胁迫处理，研究水分胁迫期间及胁迫解除之后源叶中的不同种类碳同化物含量及相关酶活性的变化，结果表明，水分胁迫条件下源叶中总可溶性糖和还原糖积累，山梨醇含量升高；前两个干旱胁迫周期源叶中淀粉含量显著降低；水分胁迫对还原糖的影响主要是增加葡萄糖和果糖的含量，葡萄糖含量在中度胁迫时开始增加，严重胁迫时急剧升高，但果糖含量仅在轻度胁迫时显著高于对照，对蔗糖含量的影响较小。水分胁迫解除后，水分胁迫株叶片中除葡萄糖能保持一个显著高于对照的水平外，其余的糖和山梨醇均迅速地回落到正常灌溉的对照水平。同时，树体承受水分胁迫期间，源叶中的6－磷酸醛糖还原酶（A6PR）、山梨醇脱氢酶（SDH）、磷酸蔗糖合成酶（SPS）、蔗糖合成酶（SS）、中性转化酶、酸性转化酶、ADPG焦磷酸化酶（ADPGPPase）和淀粉酶等均有可能得到显著增加，并且水分胁迫解除后各种酶在短期内仍维持一个较高的活性。 相似文献
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Gerardo Lopez Christian Larrigaudière Joan Girona M. Hossein Behboudian Jordi Marsal 《Scientia Horticulturae》2011
Fruit thinning in pear is feasible for mitigation of water stress effects. However, it is not well known how fruit quality at harvest and after cold storage is affected by pre-harvest water stress. Even less is known about the effects of fruit thinning on quality under these circumstances. To elucidate these, we applied deficit irrigation (DI) and fruit thinning treatments to ‘Conference’ pear over the growing seasons of 2008 and 2009. At the onset of Stage II (80 and 67 days before harvest in 2008 and 2009, respectively), two irrigation treatments were applied: full irrigation (FI) and DI. FI trees received 100% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc). DI trees received no irrigation during the first three weeks of Stage II to induce water stress, but then received 20% of ETc to ensure tree survival. From bud-break until the onset of Stage II and during post-harvest, FI and DI trees received 100% of ETc. Each irrigation treatment received two thinning levels: no thinning leaving commercial crop load (∼180 fruits tree−1), and hand-thinning at the onset of Stage II leaving a light crop load (∼85 fruits tree−1). Under commercial crop loads, DI trees were moderately water-stressed and this had some positive effects on fruit quality. DI increased fruit firmness (FF), soluble solids concentrations (SSC) and acidity at harvest while no changes were observed in fruit maturity (based on ethylene production). Differences in FF and acidity at harvest between FI and DI fruit were maintained during cold storage. DI also reduced fruit weight loss during storage. But fruit size was reduced under DI. Fruit thinning under DI resulted in better fruit composition with no detrimental effect on fresh-market yield compared to un-thinned fruit. Fruit size at harvest and SSC values after five months of cold storage were higher in fruit from thinned trees than fruit from un-thinned trees. Fruit thinning increased fruit ethylene production, indicating advanced maturity. This may lead to earlier harvest which is desirable in years with impending drought. Fruit thinning is therefore a useful technique to enhance pear marketability under water shortage. 相似文献
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R. Scott Johnson D. F. Handley K. R. Day 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(6):1035-1041
Postharvest water stress was imposed on a May harvested plum (Primus salicina Lindl. cv. Red Beaut) over a three year period. Control trees were irrigated at approximately 100% ET. One stress treatment (Tl) received 50% of the water applied to the control. The second stress treatment (T2) was subjected to cycles of on-and-off irrigation which varied from year to year. All treatments were fully irrigated at about 100% ET through harvest. Treatment Tl received about 30 cm less irrigation water than the control and showed no decrease in yield, fruit weight or fruit quality over all three years. Treatment T2 received about the same amount of water as Tl in the first two years of the experiment and also showed no decrease in productivity. In the third year, T2 was irrigated only for a single three week period after harvest which saved over 60 cm of applied water. The trees were extensively defoliated by the end of the season, showed some shoot and scaffold dieback, and had reduced yields in the following year. Double fruit formation was low in all treatments and was not increased by stress. Stem water potential (SWP) measurements followed a consistent seasonal pattern in the control. In the final year of the experiment, SWP during the postharvest period correlated well with yield in the following spring. This suggests SWP might be useful for monitoring stress, thus preventing a loss in productivity while saving some water. 相似文献
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根据有关文献综合分析总结水分胁迫对果树光合作用及同化代谢中的净光合速率、干物质积累和分配、气孔反应、光合色素、光合酶活性、氧化物质代谢、呼吸以及叶绿素荧光等几个方面的影响，并认为应加强呼吸作用和荧光反应生化分析等方面结合的研究，为开展相关研究和指导生产提供借鉴或参考。 相似文献
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对盆栽葡萄（VitisviniferaL．）、苹果（MaluspumilaMill．）、山楂（CrataeguspinnatifidsBunge）和枣（ZiziphusjnyubaMill．）4种果树在不同水分营养状况下茎于微变化过程中的日最大收缩量（MDS）、日净增长量（DG）、当日完全复原所需时间（RT）等3个重要指标进行研究，结果表明：3个指标都比叶片日出前水势对土壤水分营养状况的反应灵敏得多；随着土壤可利用水分的不断减少，山楂和枣的MDS急剧增加，而葡萄和苹果的MDS减小，不同类型果树之间的反应不一致；在土壤水分状况较好时，4种果树的DG的变化平缓，变化幅度较小；在良好的土壤水分条件下，4种果树的RT随着土壤相对持水量的下降而迅速延长，并在土壤水分含量降低到一临界值以下时维持在24h。因此，在应用植物器官体积变化连续测微法指导果树灌溉时，MDS和DG并不适于单独作为所有果树的自动化灌溉指标，而RT作为果树自动化灌溉指标较为理想。 相似文献