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1.
以165份白菜(2n=2x=20)品系中筛选出的11份含2n配子较高的株系为材料,用不同浓度秋水仙素处理花蕾,诱导2n配子;以其为父本,以四倍体雄性不育系为母本进行有性多倍化杂交,从F1中筛选鉴定四倍体。结果表明:用0.20%秋水仙素5~10μL微量注射3mm的二倍体白菜花蕾,处理1次,诱导2n配子效果最好,2n配子频率达20.20%,是未经秋水仙素处理对照的3.63倍。80株杂交F1中,染色体计数显示14株为四倍体(2n=4x=40),占17.5%。与二倍体相比,有性多倍化获得的四倍体在植株形态、气孔、花器官等方面均表现巨大性,气孔密度和结实率降低。 相似文献
2.
秋水仙素诱变薄皮甜瓜同源四倍体研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
为了获得四倍体薄皮甜瓜材料,研究薄皮甜瓜多倍体的特征特性,以二倍体薄皮甜瓜金美为材料,以0.2%、0.4%、0.6%的秋水仙素采用滴苗和浸种2种方法进行诱变四倍体试验,并通过染色体观察和细胞学鉴定对其进行倍性分析。结果表明,滴苗法比浸种法诱变率高,其中以0.4%秋水仙素滴苗诱变率最高,为6.67%;与二倍体相比,四倍体植株子叶和真叶长宽比变小,茎增粗,节间变短,花冠变大,果肉变厚,种子增宽,可育性降低,中心可溶性固形物含量增高;保卫细胞变大,气孔密度变小,保卫细胞内叶绿体数目增加;获得了同源四倍体材料。 相似文献
3.
研究了不同浓度秋水仙素处理对3个西瓜品系幼苗染色体加倍的诱导效应,通过形态观察、染色体计数以及流式细胞仪等方法进行了倍性鉴定。结果表明,秋水仙素诱导3个西瓜品系均得到了四倍体,0.3%的秋水仙素处理幼苗的变异率较高,其中以0.3%秋水仙素处理黄小玉母本的变异率最高,达15.1%。四倍体表现出叶片长、宽、厚均增大,花瓣大小和果皮厚度均较二倍体明显增加。根尖染色体压片检查表明,四倍体染色体数为2n=4x=44,二倍体对照为2n=2x=22。流式细胞仪检测结果表明,诱导不仅产生四倍体,还有嵌合体。 相似文献
4.
秋水仙素诱导三种紫薇多倍体的研究 总被引：15，自引：1，他引：14
研究了秋水仙素处理浓度和时间对3种紫薇幼苗染色体加倍的诱导效应，通过染色体计数、流式细胞仪以及形态观察等方法进行了倍性鉴定。结果表明：秋水仙素诱导3种紫薇均得到了四倍体,0.5%～0.8%的秋水仙素处理紫薇和银薇48～96 h的变异率较高，其中以0.5%秋水仙素处理紫薇72 h的变异率最高，达54.17%。根尖染色体压片表明四倍体染色体数为：2n=4x=96，二倍体对照为：2n=2x=48。四倍体表现出叶片长、宽、厚均增大，气孔密度减小，气孔保卫细胞增大，保卫细胞内叶绿体数增加，花粉粒直径增大，花径、花瓣长、花瓣基部爪长均较二倍体明显增加，单朵花观赏价值大大提高。 相似文献
5.
番木瓜四倍体的诱导及形态学分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在离体培养条件下,将二倍体穗中红番木瓜无菌试管苗茎尖浸入0.05%、0.1%、0.2%、0.4%秋水仙素水溶液中处理1、2、3、4、5d,诱导多倍体,对照用无菌水处理2d。结果表明0.2%的秋水仙素溶液浸泡处理3d效果最好,诱导率为36.7%。通过体细胞染色体数目检测,变异芽为四倍体或嵌合体,四倍体染色体数目为36(2n=4x=36)。对获得的四倍体和二倍体进行了形态及气孔特征的比较,结果表明四倍体与二倍体植株在叶长、叶宽、叶厚、气孔大小、气孔密度、气孔保卫细胞大小及叶绿体数目等方面存在明显的差异,其中叶片厚度、气孔密度和保卫细胞内叶绿体数目可作为鉴别四倍体与二倍体的重要性状。 相似文献
6.
秋水仙素离体诱导同源四倍体青花菜 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以青花菜品种‘海兹’高频再生试管苗为外植体, 利用秋水仙素离体诱导四倍体。结果表明: 用含秋水仙素200 mg·L - 1的MS + 0.1 mg·L -1NAA + 6.0 mg·L - 1 6-BA液体培养基处理2 cm长的再生苗48 h, 每个外植体平均可产芽2.1个, 再生植株变异率为83.33% , 四倍体诱导率达79.17%。与二倍体相比, 四倍体植株叶片、花冠、气孔等均表现巨大性; 流式细胞仪倍性鉴定显示, 对照DNA相对含量为200, 四倍体再生植株为400。四倍体根尖染色体2n = 4x = 36。 相似文献
7.
以南方主栽品种"井岗701"二倍体芦笋的露白种子和幼苗为试材,研究了秋水仙素浓度、处理时间及浸泡时的转速对芦笋四倍体诱导效果的影响,并对四倍体和二倍体芦笋的部分抗性和形态特征进行了比较。结果表明:以0.2%的秋水仙素浸泡露白种子6h效果最好,四倍体诱导率最高,为20%,但浸泡时的不同转速对四倍体诱导影响差异不显著;而用0.3%的秋水仙素连续滴苗4d,四倍体诱导率最高为18%;浸泡露白种子法比滴苗法诱导效果好;四倍体植株较二倍体更加粗壮,在抗热性和抗旱性方面也明显优于二倍体。 相似文献
8.
9.
以二倍体、四倍体及经秋水仙素处理的黄花蒿植株为试材,采用整体透明技术制备黄花蒿叶片样品,对不同倍性植物的叶片气孔保卫细胞长轴长、短轴长及其周长进行考察,探讨气孔保卫细胞大小与植株倍性的相关性。结果表明:以10%氢氧化钾溶液为透明剂,透化时间为1.5h的透化效果最好;二倍体与四倍体植物的气孔保卫细胞长轴长、短轴长及其周长差异显著,其周长范围分别为57.19~70.33μm和83.36~91.99μm;利用二倍体与四倍体的周长分布在不同区间范围,可以对秋水仙素处理的黄花蒿植株进行快速的初步倍性鉴定。 相似文献
10.
秋水仙素诱导大葱多倍体的研究 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：4
以章丘大葱种子为材料,研究了秋水仙素处理浓度和时间对大葱体细胞染色体加倍的效果,并利用形态观察,根尖细胞染色体计数及流式细胞仪等方法进行倍性鉴定。结果表明,0.8%秋水仙素处理48 h的诱变效果最佳。诱变植株存在明显“玻璃化”现象,生根困难,移栽后不能成活。通过组织培养去“玻璃化”,获得正常生长的四倍体植株。四倍体植株的细胞染色体数2n = 4x = 32,植株多倍体形态特征明显,植株生长健壮,叶色浓绿,叶面气孔变大,气孔密度减少;株高、葱白长度等与二倍体植株相比极显著增加。 相似文献
11.
Zusammenfassung Die Leistungsprüfungen wurden im Zeitraum 1997 bis 2003 mit den Unterlagen Gisela 4 und 5, den Klonnummern 195/20 und 497/8 aus der Gisela-Serie sowie Weiroot 10, 13, 53, 72 und 158 durchgeführt. Dabei dienten Sämlinge von P1 (bulgarische Selektion aus Prunus mahaleb) als Kontrolle. Alle Unterlagen waren mit der Sorte Stella veredelt und im Dezember 1996 in der Versuchsanlage der Agraruniversität in Plovdiv, Bulgarien, im Abstand von 6 m×4,5 m gepflanzt worden. Dabei erfolgte ein Pflanzschnitt. Nach Abschluss der natürlichen Kronenentwicklung wurde jedes Jahr ein Winterschnitt vorgenommen. Der Boden wurde durch mechanische Bearbeitung offen gehalten und nach dem 4. Standjahr wurden die Baumstreifen mit Herbiziden behandelt. Die Wasserversorgung erfolgte durch eine dem natürlichen Gefälle folgende Überflutung, allerdings nicht immer zum optimalen Zeitpunkt, da keine eigene Wasserquelle zur Verfügung stand.Basierend auf den Ergebnissen bis zum Anfang des 7. Standjahres können die untersuchten Unterlagen in zwei Gruppen differenziert werden: starkwüchsig—Weiroot 10, P1 und Weiroot 13; mittelstarkwachsend bis schwachwüchsig—Gi 497/8, Gisela 4, Weiroot 53, Weiroot 158, Gi 195/20, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 5. Letztere zeichnete sich durch besondere Schwachwüchsigkeit aus. Die meisten Wurzelschosser bildeten Gisela 4, Weiroot 10 und Weiroot 13. Weiroot 53, Weiroot 72 und Weiroot 158 entwickelten deutlich weniger und P1, Gisela 5, Gi 195/20 sowie Gi 497/8 keine Wurzelschosser. Den frühesten Blühbeginn induzierte Gisela 4. Die anderen Unterlagen führten, in Abhängigkeit von den Temperaturbedingungen des jeweiligen Jahres, zu einer Verspätung der Blüte: P1 und Weiroot 10 um 1–2 Tage; Gi 497/8, Weiroot 13 und Weiroot 158 um 2–4 Tage; Weiroot 72 um 2–7 Tage; Gi 195/20 um 3–6 Tage; Weiroot 53 um 3–8 Tage und Gisela 5 um 3–10 Tage. Die Reifezeit der Früchte war bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 im Vergleich zu den anderen Varianten um 2–3 Tage verspätet. Gisela 5, Weiroot 72 und Gisela 4 induzierten bei der aufveredelten Sorte die höchsten Ertragsleistungen, P1 die geringsten. Bei den Bäumen auf Gisela 5 war die Fruchtgröße geringer als bei den anderen Unterlagen. Bäume auf Gisela 5 brauchen intensive Pflege. Nur wenn alle Produktionsfaktoren und kulturtechnischen Maßnahmen optimiert werden, kann das hohe Ertragspotenzial dieser Unterlage ausgeschöpft werden. 相似文献
12.
AIM: Although endovascular radiotherapy inhibits neointimal hyperplasia, the exact alterations induced by β-particles irradiation remain to be elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the ability and the cellular mechanism of local β-particles emission from 188Re to inhibit vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs). METHODS: The SMCs in vitro were irradiated by 188Re with single doses of 2.6 Gy-25.8 Gy. The effects of β-particles on SMCs, such as effective irradiate doses, the period of inhibition for SMCs proliferation, the changes of cell proliferation rate and DNA synthesis rate, cell cycle progression and related gene expression, were investigated by cell count, [3H]-TdR incorporation, cell cycle progression analysis, cell viability and immunocytochemistry, respectivecy. RESULTS: β-particles irradiation with dose of 5.2 Gy could inhibit significantly SMCs proliferation. At dose of 20.6 Gy DNA synthesis inhibitory rate was 92%, SMCs proliferation rate was only 3%. Renoval of 188Re did not abolish the inhibitory effects of β-particles on SMCs proliferation. The expression of P53 was up regulation and PCNA was down regulation after irradiation. CONCLUSION: β-particles from 188 Re was significantly effective and permanent in inhibiting SMCs proliferation, and inhibitory effect was in dose-dependet manner ED50was 5 Gy, the best dose to inhibit SMCs proliferation was 20 Gy. β-particles irradiation induced SMCs to occur G0/G1 arrest, damaged the ability of SMCs reproliferation and led to cell clonogenic death. P53 and PCNA had regulatiory effects on SMCs proliferation after β-particles irradiation. 相似文献
13.
AIM: To examine the autoantibody against α1-adrenoceptor and its biologic activities during the development of renal hypertension. METHODS: Renal hypertension of rat was achieved by clipped renal artery, the titre of autoantibody to α1-adrenoceptor was detected using ELISA immunoassay. Furthermore, the biological offects of these autoantibodies on cultured cardiomyocytes were also examined. RESULTS: After two weeks of clipping renal arteries, both the frequency of occurrence and the titre of autoantibodies to cardiac α1-adrenergic receptor were significantly increased as compared with the control of pre-treatment. The increased autoantibodies lasted for several weeks and then automatically decreased gradually to the pre-clipping level at 12 weeks. The biological effects of these autoantibodies displayed an "agonistic-like" activities on the beating frequency of cultured neonatal cardiomyocytes. CONCLUSION: Autoantibodies against α1-adrenoceptor may play a role in the elevation of peripheral vascular resistance and in the development of cardiac hypertrophy in rats with renal hypertension. 相似文献
14.
GONG Yong-sheng LI Ji-wu YANG Peng-lin FAN Xiao-fang HU Liang-gang ZHENG Lü-zhen JIANG Zhong-sun 《园艺学报》2003,19(9):1261-1264
AIM:To investigate the effect of puerarin on pulmonary vessel collagen metabolism in pulmonary hypertension rats induced by chronic hypoxia and hypercapnia.METHODS:Collagen Ⅰ, Ⅲ and their mRNA were observed in pulmonary arterioles by the technique of immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization.RESULTS:① Light microscopy showed media thickness of pulmonary arterioles was much higher in HH(hypoxic-hypercapnia) group than that of NC(normal control) group, and, vessel cavity turned more straiter in HH group than that of NC group.However, the damage of pulmonary arterioles in HP(hypoxic-pueratin) group was much slighter than that of HH group. ② The levels of plasma ET-1 and lung homogenates Hyr were much higher in HH group than those of NC group(P＜0.01), and lower in HP group than HH groups(P＜0.01).Plasma NO content in group HH was lower than that of group NC(P＜0.01), it was higher in group HP than that of group HH(P＜0.01).③Expression of collagen Ⅰ and collagen Ⅰ mRNA in pulmonary arterioles were significantly higher in HH groups than those of NC group (P＜0.01), and they were lower in HP group than those of HH group (P＜0.01).Expression of collagen Ⅲ and collagen Ⅲ mRNA showed no difference among three groups(P＞0.05).CONCLUSION:Puerarin inhibited the deposition of collagen and improved pulmonary vessel remodeling. 相似文献
15.
《International Journal of Fruit Science》2013,13(1):139-156
Abstract This review is based partly on complete articles and partly on abstracts. Three of the 60 articles deal with the total uptake of elements in strawberry plant organs in two different strawberry production systems, both considered as optimal concerning amount and balance of elements. The effect on fruit quality may be dramatic if the level of a particular element is outside this range, but there may also be effects initiated by differences within the optimal range of elements. Most articles refer to product oriented quality, but some focus on consumer oriented quality, as discussed by Shewfelt (1999). The discussion here is on a general basis, so one should keep in mind that there are cultivar differences and that specification of nutrition ideally should mirror the needs of a single cultivar, or a group of cultivars with similar requirements. Also, to get a complete understanding of the subject future reviews should embrace a broader access of information including the effect on plant development of individual elements, such as the role of calcium in fruit firmness and its importance in cell wall structure. However, the intention here is to narrow the information to results that suggest a direct connection between nutrient uptake and fruit quality. 相似文献
16.
Habitat for wide-ranging species should be addressed at multiple scales to fully understand factors that limit populations.
The marbled murrelet (Brachyramphus marmoratus), a threatened seabird, forages on the ocean and nests inland in large trees. We developed statistical relationships between
murrelet use (occupancy and abundance) and habitat variables quantified across many spatial scales (statewide to local) and
two time periods in California and southern Oregon, USA. We also addressed (1) if old-growth forest fragmentation was negatively
associated with murrelet use, and (2) if some nesting areas are more important than others due to their proximity to high
quality marine habitat. Most landscapes used for nesting were restricted to low elevation areas with frequent fog. Birds were
most abundant in unfragmented old-growth forests located within a matrix of mature second-growth forest. Murrelets were less
likely to occupy old-growth habitat if it was isolated (> 5 km) from other nesting murrelets. We found a time lag in response
to fragmentation, where at least a few years were required before birds abandoned fragmented forests. Compared to landscapes
with little tono murrelet use, landscapes with many murrelets were closer to the ocean's bays, river mouths, sandy shores,
submarine canyons, and marine waters with consistently high primary productivity. Within local landscapes (≤ 800ha), inland
factors limited bird abundance, but at the broadest landscape scale studied (3200 ha), proximity to marine habitat was most
limiting. Management should focus on protecting or creating large, contiguous old-growth forest stands, especially in low-elevation
areas near productive marine habitat.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
17.
多效唑对猕猴桃离体试管苗生长及内源激素的影响 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
多效唑（ＰＰ３３３）处理猕猴桃试管苗，降低了其生长强度；植株体内的ＧＡ３、ＩＡＡ和ＺＴ含量下降，ＡＢＡ的含量上升，乙烯释放率增加；并且能降低外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ促进生长的作用，而外源的ＧＡ３和ＩＡＡ又能不同程度地逆转多效唑的抑制作用，使植株恢复生长。 相似文献
18.
HU Zhi-cheng ZHU Jia-yuan ZHU Bin GUO Dong CHEN Bin ZHANG Kai HU Kun-hua LI Ming-tao TANG Bing 《园艺学报》2011,27(9):1802-1806
AIM: To investigate and screen the sensitive proteins in the formation mechanism of pathological scars by comparing the results of differential proteomic analysis between pathological scars and normal skin.METHODS: Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was used to detect the protein expression profiles in 8 keloid patients, 8 hypertrophic scar patients and 3 matched normal skin patients.The proteins that showed differential expression of over 4-fold change were cut and analyzed by MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometry.RESULTS: A two-dimensional protein profiling comparison between pathological scars and normal skin was successfully established.On average, 2 978 spots in keloid, 2 975 spots in hypertrophic scar and 3 053 spots in normal skin were identified using gel analysis software.Compared with normal skin, there were totally 36 differentially-expressed proteins in keloid and hypertrophic scar identified from the spots of over 4-fold change, including 16 proteins in both keloid and hypertrophic scar (8 up-regulated and 8 down-regulated), 11 only in keloid (9 up-regulated and 2 down-regulated) and 9 only in hypertrophic scar (4 up-regulated and 5 down-regulated).CONCLUSION: Proteomic analysis can identify the proteins with variance of pathological scars versus normal skin, thus providing probable new clues to reveal the formation mechanism of pathological scars. 相似文献
19.
AIM: To observe the effect of thichosanthes injection on the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) of vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC). METHODS: The expression of PCNA of cultured rabbit aortic SMC was examined with LSAB immunohistochemical technique, and [3H]-thymidine( [3H]-TdR) incorporation data of SMC and the contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD), lipid peroxide (LPO), prostacyclin (PGI2) and cyclic AMP (cAMP) in medium were simultaneously determined. RESULTS: Thichosanthes injection has an effects of increasing SOD activity, decreasing LPO, elevating PGI2 and cAMP, reducing [3H]-TdR incorporation and expression of PCNA (all P＜0.05,P＜0.01). CONCLUSION: Thichosanthes could inhibit SMC proliferation. 相似文献
20.
ZENG Qing JIN Xian-rong WANG Di-xun HONG Zhi-gang HAO Tian-ling XIONG Zong-bin SUN Bing-yong 《园艺学报》2001,17(7):614-617
AIM: To detect the role of cyclic nucleotides in the alleviation of hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) in chronic hypoxic animals. METHODS: The intracellular cAMP and cGMP of the cultured porcine pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells (PASMC) and endothelial cells (PAEC) were assayed by RIA. The length of single PASMC during acute hypoxia was measured by imaging analysis system. RESULTS: The basal levels of cAMP and cGMP in PASMC and cGMP in PAEC of Chronic hypoxic groups decreased remarkably compared with normoxic groups (P＜0.01). Under acute hypoxia, the contents of cAMP and cGMP in PASMC of chronic hypoxic groups increased significantly (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, the percentage of PASMC with weak constrictive response in chronic hypoxic group was higher than that of control group. CONCLUSION:It's suggested that the changes of cAMP and cGMP in chronic hypoxic PASMC and PAEC might contribute to the increase in the basic tension of pulmonary artery and the alleviation of HPV in chronic hypoxic animals. 相似文献