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1.
 通过PCR方法从pCAMBIA1305载体上克隆了新霉素磷酸转移酶基因nptⅡ的全编码序列,并插入到原核表达载体pET30a（+）中,构建了重组质粒pET30a nptⅡ。将重组质粒转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）宿主菌,经IPTG诱导,获得了相对分子量为35 kD的表达蛋白,约占全菌总蛋白的45％。表达蛋白以可溶性和包涵体两种形式存在。用5 mmol/L 二硫苏糖醇和1％十二烷基肌氨酸钠变性溶解包涵体,经透析后复性获得了可溶性重组蛋白。将可溶的表达蛋白用Ni2+ NTA亲和层析纯化,获得纯化的NPTⅡ蛋白,电泳谱带扫描分析表明蛋白纯度达95％以上。体外活性检测显示,NPTⅡ蛋白具有良好的生物活性,在浓度30 μg/mL以上时可使卡拉霉素失去抑菌活性。  相似文献   

2.
以连接在pMD-18T载体上的香蕉条斑病毒云南分离物(BSV)全基因组为模板,设计特异引物,PCR扩增获得ORFⅠ全长序列。目的片段及原核表达载体pET32(b)分别经EcoRⅠ和XhoⅠ双酶切后,连接构建重组质粒pET32-ORFⅠ,将鉴定为正确的重组质粒转化E.coli BL21(DE3)感受态细胞,获得原核表达OFRⅠ工程菌。工程菌在28℃条件下,用浓度为0.1 mmol/L的IPTG诱导表达6 h,离心收集菌液并超声波破碎,获得以含目的肽段的可溶性蛋白为主的融合蛋白。将融合蛋白通过Ni2+-NTA亲和层析柱纯化后,得到纯度较高的融合蛋白。以此蛋白为抗原免疫家兔,获得特异抗血清,该抗血清的效价达1∶100 000,Western Blot验证表明,抗血清的特异性较强。本研究为BSV的快速检测以及BSV编码蛋白的功能研究奠定了基础。  相似文献   

3.
利用PCR方法分别扩增番木瓜环斑病毒（papaya ringspot virus,PRSV）、番木瓜畸形花叶病毒（papaya leaf distortion mosaic virus,PLDMV）和番木瓜花叶病（papaya mosaic virus,PaMV）的外壳蛋白（coat protein,CP）基因,并连接到原核表达载体pET-28a上,获得重组质粒pET28-PRSV-CP、pET28-PLDMV-CP和pET28-PaMV-CP,通过转化、诱导表达后,经SDS-PAGE分析显示,这3种CP蛋白在大肠杆菌中高效表达,其中PRSV CP蛋白和PLDMV CP以包涵体形式存在,PaMV CP以可溶蛋白形式存在。利用Ni2+-NTA琼脂糖亲和层析纯化获得了3种病毒的重组CP蛋白,并免疫大白兔获得高效价的抗体。Western blot检测结果表明,这3种抗血清与对应的诱导表达蛋白发生特异反应。再采用抗血清建立一种快捷、简便和低成本的ID-ELISA（Indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay）技术,并利用此技术对海南岛283个疑似感病的番木瓜样品进行检测鉴别,初步掌握了海南岛3种主要番木瓜病毒的分布及感病情况,为下一步该病的有效防治策略提供科学依据。  相似文献   

4.
番木瓜环斑病毒(Papaya ringspot virus,PRSV)编码的核内涵体蛋白a蛋白酶(Nuclear inclusion body a proteinase,NIa-Pro)是一种多功能病毒非结构蛋白,在病毒侵染宿主及病毒与宿主互作中起着重要作用。本研究利用以麦芽糖结合蛋白(MBP)为融合表达框架的原核表达系统构建了表达NIa-Pro的重组载体pMAL-c5xNP,并转化大肠杆菌,经IPTG诱导和Ni~(2+)-NTA-琼脂糖亲和层析纯化获得了可溶的重组融合蛋白MBP-NIa(N端和C端分别融合MBP和His标签),然后利用蛋白酶Factor Xa切去重组融合蛋白中的MBP,再通过直链淀粉树脂亲和层析纯化获得了可溶的重组蛋白NIa-Pro。活性检测结果表明,重组蛋白PRSV-NIa-Pro具有非特异的双链DNA酶和特异的蛋白酶双重活性。  相似文献   

5.
根据已发表ScYLV-P0基因系列设计特异性引物,应用RT-PCR技术从甘蔗病叶的mRNA扩增得到目的 DNA片段。以pET32a(+)为原核表达载体,构建重组表达质粒pET32a-P0。经过双酶切鉴定和DNA测序后,将重组表达质粒转入大肠杆菌BL21(DE3)pLySs,在30℃培养条件下IPTG诱导表达。通过SDS-PAGE电泳检测融合蛋白表达情况。表达结果显示,在该表达系统中,融合表达蛋白P0是以包涵体形式的蛋白存在;P0融合蛋白大小约45kDa,与P0开放阅读框的理论推算值29.991 kDa加上载体自身蛋白约18 kDa相符,用Ni2+-NTA琼脂糖亲和层析纯化融合蛋白,免疫家兔制备出抗血清,通过酶联法(ID-ELISA)测定本实验制备的ScYLY-P0抗血清工作浓度为1∶25000。  相似文献   

6.
应用PCR方法从感染香蕉束顶病毒的香蕉植株幼嫩假茎和叶片总DNA中克隆了Rb(Rb-binding-like protein)基因的编码区,将其插入原核表达载体pET-28b中构建重组质粒pET28b-Rb。转化重组质粒的E.coli BL21(DE3)进行IPTG诱导表达,SDS-PAGE分析结果表明,表达产物大小为22.6ku,且主要以包涵体形式稳定表达。目的蛋白经Ni2+-NTA琼脂糖亲和层析纯化后免疫家兔并获得抗血清。Western blot检测结果表明,抗血清与诱导表达的BBTV编码Rb蛋白发生特异性反应。间接ELISA法测定的抗血清效价大于1:250000。用抗血清对感病香蕉和健康香蕉进行检测,结果表明,抗血清对感病香蕉有很高特异性,最佳工作浓度为1:1500。  相似文献   

7.
用PCR方法从感染香蕉束顶病毒(Banana bunchy top virus,BBTV)的香蕉植株幼嫩假茎和叶片总DNA中扩增外壳蛋白(coat protein,CP)基因。回收目的片段,经XhoⅠ和BamHⅠ双酶切后与同样酶切的质粒载体pET30a(+)相连接,酶切验证及测序结果获得了含BBTV CP基因的重组质粒pET30a-CP。将重组质粒转化Codon plus表达菌,在25℃、0.4mmol/L IPTG条件下诱导6h或过夜,经12%SDS-PAGE电泳分析可知,该重组菌表达了一个与预期分子量大小一致的His-CP融合蛋白,约为30ku,且主要以包涵体的形式存在。多次洗涤包涵体后得到高纯度的融合蛋白,用其免疫家兔,获得BBTV CP蛋白抗血清。间接ELISA法测定抗血清效价大于51200。Western blot分析表明,抗血清能与融合蛋白特异性结合。  相似文献   

8.
以短短芽胞杆菌FJAT-0809-GLX基因组DNA为模板,通过PCR扩增得到几丁质酶基因chiD序列,再将chiD序列连接到pMD18-T克隆载体上,形成重组载体pMD18-T-chiD,转化大肠杆菌DH5ɑ并测序,经过核苷酸和氨基酸序列分析获得几丁质酶基因chiD的序列片段为1 524 bp,编码507个氨基酸,理论蛋白质分子量约54.55 ku,其等电点约为5.77,表明该几丁质酶为酸性几丁质酶。将重组质粒pMD18-T-chiD双酶切后与表达载体pET-28a连接,构建重组表达载体pET28a-chiD,并转入大肠杆菌BL21中进行IPTG诱导表达,结果表明:重组蛋白质的分子量约55 ku,与预测的蛋白分子量结果一致。为了提高重组蛋白的表达量,对培养时间、IPTG浓度和温度3个参数进行优化,并将表达产物进行SDS-PAGE分析,最后得出重组载体pET28a-chiD的最佳诱导表达参数分别为8 h、0.5 mmol/L和28℃。这为短短芽胞杆菌来源的几丁质酶的进一步研究奠定了良好基础。  相似文献   

9.
香蕉束顶病毒(Banana bunchy top virus,BBTV)是危害香蕉的主要病毒之一,严重威胁着香蕉的生产.BBTV基因组至少由6个环状ssDNA组分组成,其中DNA2组分变异最大,是否编码蛋白及其功能缺乏研究.本研究通过PCR方法克隆了BBTV Haikou2 DNA2ORF,将其构建到pET32a载体中,进行原核表达和抗血清制备.结果表明重组表达载体pET32a-DNA2ORF在表达菌Transetta(DE3)中表达一个约21 ku的特异融合蛋白,通过超声波破碎仪破碎细胞和诱导条件优化,分析表明,该蛋白主要以可溶形式存在,最佳表达条件为30℃、1.0 mmol/L IPTG诱导3h.融合蛋白经过Ni2+-NTA琼脂糖亲和层析纯化,免疫家兔制备出抗血清.Western blot实验表明抗血清具有特异性; 酶联法(ID-ELISA)测定表明,抗血清效价达到25 000,能够检测出香蕉汁液中加入的0.954 μg/mL浓度的表达纯化蛋白.  相似文献   

10.
用RT-PCR方法从感染水稻黑条矮缩病毒(rice black-streaked dwarf virus,RBSDV)水稻中克隆该病毒的外壳蛋白基因S10,然后将此外壳蛋白基因再亚克隆到原核表达载体PET-32a中构建成重组原核表达载体pET32a-CP。将重组表达载体转化大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),经IPTG诱导,Ni+ NTA亲和柱纯化获得分子量约为76kD含硫氧还蛋白的融合蛋白。以纯化的重组蛋白为抗原免疫兔子制备RBSDV外壳蛋白的多克隆抗体,并用制备的多克隆抗体建立了可靠、灵敏、特异的检测RBSDV的免疫捕获RT-PCR及Dot-blot ELISA方法,为该水稻病毒病的诊断提供技术支持。  相似文献   

11.
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described.  相似文献   

12.
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13.
Summary

The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices.  相似文献   

14.
Health authorities worldwide have consistently recommended the regular consumption of marine fishes and seafood to preserve memory, sustain cognitive functions, and prevent neurodegenerative processes in humans. Shrimp, crabs, lobster, and salmon are of particular interest in the human diet due to their substantial provision of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3/PUFAs) and the antioxidant carotenoid astaxanthin (ASTA). However, the optimal ratio between these nutraceuticals in natural sources is apparently the key factor for maximum protection against most neuro-motor disorders. Therefore, we aimed here to investigate the effects of a long-term supplementation with (n-3)/PUFAs-rich fish oil, ASTA-rich algal biomass, the combination of them, or krill oil (a natural combination of both nutrients) on baseline redox balance and neuro-inflammation indexes in cerebellum and motor cortex of Wistar rats. Significant changes in redox metabolism were only observed upon ASTA supplementation, which reinforce its antioxidant properties with a putative mitochondrial-centered action in rat brain. Krill oil imposed mild astrocyte activation in motor cortex of Wistar rats, although no redox or inflammatory index was concomitantly altered. In summary, there is no experimental evidence that krill oil, fish oil, oralgal biomass (minor variation), drastically change the baseline oxidative conditions or the neuro-inflammatory scenario in neuromotor-associated rat brain regions.  相似文献   

15.
Wheat bran is a composite material made of several layers, such as pericarp, testa and aleurone. It could be fractionated into purified fractions, which might either be used as food ingredients, or serve as a starting material for extraction of bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of using electrostatic separation as a way to obtain purified fractions from wheat bran. Ultrafine-ground bran obtained either by cryogenic grinding or by grinding at ambient temperature was used as starting material. The ultrafine bran was then charged by tribo-electrification and introduced in a chamber containing two high voltage electrodes, where bran particles were separated depending on their acquired charge, allowing positively and negatively charged fractions to be collected separately. The particle size distribution, microstructure and biochemical composition of the obtained fractions were studied. The charge of the particles was influenced by their biochemical composition: particles rich in highly branched and cross-linked arabinoxylans (pericarp) were separated from particles rich in β-glucan, ferulic acid and para-coumaric acid (aleurone cell walls). The testa and the intracellular compounds from aleurone were not highly charged, neither positively nor negatively. The most positively charged fraction represented 34% of the initial bran, and contained 62% of the ferulic acid present in the initial bran. The yield of the separation process was good (5.4% loss), and could be further increased.  相似文献   

16.
Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future.  相似文献   

17.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4  
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity.  相似文献   

18.
Pulque is made by fermenting the agave sap or aguamiel of Agave atrovirens with a whole array of microorganisms present in the environment including several lactic acid bacteria and yeasts such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ascorbic acid was determined in pulque and aguamiel, respectively. Phytase activity in lees, liquid and freeze-dried pulque was assayed by measuring the appearance of phosphate from phytate by a colorimetric method likewise phosphate from phytate present in fresh corn tortilla was measured after in vitro incubation with pulque. Iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium and selenium contents were measured in pulque and corn tortilla as well as in nixtamalized corn flour (NCF), the latter is used to make instant tortilla, since corn provides most of the energy as well as most of the phytate in the Mexican rural diet. Pulque showed phytase activity but much less ascorbic acid and iron than previously reported; additionally, phytase in pulque hydrolyzed most of phytate’s corn tortilla. Lees, which is mostly made of pulque’s microbiota, significantly accumulated iron and zinc but no selenium. NCF was fortified with iron by the manufacturers but poorly blended. There were significant differences on selenium content between tortillas samples, apparently some soils in central Mexico are selenium deficient. Moderate pulque intake appears to increase the bioavailability of iron and zinc bound by phytate in corn.  相似文献   

19.
Résumé Fusarium culmorum et, dans une moindre mesure,F. avenaceum, F. sambucinum, Colletotrichum coccodes etCylindrocarpon sp. ont été isolés de tubercules entreposés en atmosphère contr?lée (AC) et atteints de pourriture grave. Des expériences d'inoculation de tubercules avec 10 espèces ou variétés fongiques et conservation en AC à 8 et 10°C ont montré que: 1) les champignons non pathogènes en atmosphère normale (ex.:Cylindrocarpon sp.) le devenaient en AC, 2) ceux qui étaient faiblement pathogènes en atmosphère normale étaient nettement plus virulents en AC (ex.:F. culmorum), 3) les espèces ou variétés virulentes en conditions d'air normales (Fusarium sulphureum etPhoma exigua var.foveata) ne provoquaient pas de pourriture plus grave en AC et leur activité pouvait même être légérement freinée.
Summary The extensive rotting of tubers which occurred during storage trials in controlled atmospheres has led to a mycological and pathological study of the rots. The most frequently isolated species wasFusarium culmorum althoughF. avenaceum, F. Sambucinum, Coletotrichum coccodes and aCylindrocarpon sp. were also present. Tubers of cvs Bintje and Ulla were inoculated with 19 isolates of 10 fungal species or varieties associated with rotting of stored tubers (Table 1). The tubers were incubated at 8 or 10°C in normal or controlled (2% O2:1% CO2, 2% O2:6% CO2, 2% O2:12% CO2, 6% O2:6% CO2) atmospheres and the extent of rotting was determined a month later (Tables 2 and 3 and Fig. 2). Species which were weakly virulent in a normal atmosphere (variousFusarium spp. andPhoma exigua var.exigua) were clearly more aggressive in the controlled atmosphere and this was especially evident in the case ofF. culmorum. Species ot pathogenic in a normal atmosphere under experimental conditions (Colletotrichum coccodes, Cylindrocarpon sp.,Phoma eupyrena) caused rotting in the controlled atmosphere. The two species which were virulent in a normal atmosphere (F. sulphureum andP. exigua var.foveata) were also virulent in the controlled atmosphere and in some cases the extent of rotting was even less. As a general rule, rotting caused by weakly virulent fungi was greater in both cultivars in the controlled than in a normal atmosphere.
Zusammenfassung Eine starke F?ulnis von in Kontrotrollierter Atmosph?re gelagerten Kartoffelknollen veranlasste eine mykologische und pathologische Untersuchung. Der am h?ufigsten isolierte Pilz warFusarium culmorum. F. avenaceum, F. sambucinum, Colletotrichum coccodes undCylindrocarpon sp. wurden ebenfalls bestimmt. Neunzehn St?mme von 10 Pilzsorten oder-Arten welche bei Lagerf?ulnis vorkommen (Tab. 1) wurden auf Knollen der Sorten Bintje und Ulla inokuliert. Die Lagerung wurde bei 8 oder 10°C under Normalbedingungen oder kontrollierter Atmosph?re durchgeführt (2% O2:1% CO2, 2% O2:6% CO2, 2% O2:12% CO2, 6% O2:6% CO2). Der F?ulnisgrad (Abb. 1) wurde nach einem Monat bonitiert. Die Ergebnisse sind in den Tabellen 2 und 3 dargestellt und in der Abb. 2 illustriert. Unter in Normalbedingungen nur schwach virulente Arten (verschiedeneFusarien undPhoma exigua var. exigua) waren deutlich aktiver in kontrollierter Atmosph?re. Dies was besonders der Fall fürF. culmorum. Pilze, die im Versuch unter Normalbedingungen nicht pathogen waren (Colletotrichum coccodes, Cylindrocarpon sp., Phoma eupyrena), haben unter kontrollierter Atmosph?re Sch?den verursacht. Hingegen werden die beiden unter Normalbedingungen sehr pathogenen Arten (F. sulphureum undP., exigua var.foveata), durch kontrollierte Atmosph?re wenig beeinflusst. Es wurde sogar in einigen F?llen eine gewisse Verringerung des F?ulnisbefalls beobachtet. Ganz allgemein haben die getesteten kontrollierten Bedingungen die Entwicklung der Pilzf?ulnis an beiden Kartoffelsorten gef?rdert, speziell durch Pilzarten, welche unter Normal-bedingungen wenig Sch?den verursachen.
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20.
Summary Recurrent backcrosses (BC) were used to introduce nuclear factors ofS. tuberosum L. ssp.tuberosum into the cytoplasm of Andean potatoesS. tuberosum ssp.andigena (Juz. and Buk.) Hawkes andS. phureja Juz. and Buk. Each generation BC was produced in reciprocal directions to test the effect of cytoplasmic substitution on yield. This report analyses tuber number, tuber weight, and tuber length of BC2 and BC3 substitution into ssp.andigena cytoplasm and BC2 and BC2 substitutions intoS. phureja cytoplasm. Direction of cross had no consistent significant effect on yield components of ssp.andigena substitution lines. InS. phureja reciprocal progenies direction of cross was responsible for significant differences of some reciprocal sets. When there were significant differences the higher yield usually occurred when ssp.tuberosum was the pistillate parent, but in some progenies when ssp.tuberosum was the pistillate parent the yield was significantly lower than in the reciprocals. It is suggested that differences between reciprocals resulted from chromosomally encoded gene action, resulting from maternal and/or paternal effects, rather than cytoplasmic factors. Authorized for publication as paper No. 7494 in the Journal Series of The Pennsylvania Agriculture Experiment Station.  相似文献   

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