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来源于遗传多样性的变异将有助于提高育种效率,通过血缘关系分析可以了解后代群体的遗传结构.研究的目的是评估美国俄亥俄州立大学大豆育种程序中对产量改良起过重大贡献的骨干品系的作用.在俄亥俄州立大学大豆育种程序中,通常采用自己创造的骨干育种材料或来自其他育种程序的优异品种(系)做亲本进行常年杂交组配,这样带来了骨干血缘年度间的差异性,骨干品种(系)做亲本的使用年限也是有限的,然而,由于本育种程序中缺乏做豆腐用的骨干亲本,使Ohio FG1品种用作亲本的年限延长.Kottman,A98-980047,U 97-3114,HS 98-3628,HS 94-4533,Athow和HS 93-4118等7个骨干品种(系)对俄亥俄州立大学大豆产量改良起主要作用.后代群体中含50%以上骨干血缘品系的平均产量和所有被鉴定品系的平均产量呈极显著正相关,相关系数为0.9146,含50%以上骨干血缘品系的平均产量越高,所有被鉴定品系的平均产量也越高.但后代群体巾骨干品系的血缘百分率和所有被鉴定品系的平均产萤间不存在线性关系,说明在选择骨干品系做亲本时,除了考虑骨干品系的数量外,还要考虑骨干品系的配合力.俄亥俄州立大学大豆育种程序中,26个骨干品系衍生的后代中有11个的衍生后代平均产量超过对照品种,而且,这11个骨干品系中又有7个来自俄亥俄州立大学大豆育种程序,说明育种中间材料在产量改良中起着关键性作用.血缘分析结果表明,7个骨干品系来源于Williams、Essex、Amsoy、Wayne、Corsoy 5个老品种和一个现代品系A 86-301024.1998至2008年俄亥俄州立大学育成的19个油用品种和8个豆腐用品种中分别有17和14个亲本来自育种程序本身,进一步说明骨干品系的创造在品种选育中起着重大作用. 相似文献
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利用RAPD技术分析野生大豆×栽培大豆后代品系遗传组成 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本研究通过对育成品系及亲本 DNA组成位点的分析 ,探讨亲本遗传物质在后代中所占的比例 ,为大豆育种提供理论指导。本研究所用的三个优良品系 870 2 -2-4、870 2 -2 -8、8650 -1 -4是从种间杂交组合 { (固新野生大豆 (P1) (承豆 1号(P2 ) (通交 81 -1 543 (P3) }选育出的。前 2个姊妹系是在组合 (P1× P2 )的 F2 代用P3进行回交选育成的 ,8650 -1 -4是在组合 (P1× P2 )的 F1代用 P3回交选育成的。用 79个引物进行 RAPD分析亲本及后代品系细胞核 DNA,其中 1 5个引物在亲本间具有多态性 ,这 1 5个引物总扩增位点 1 2 1个 ,P1、P2 、P3的特异位点数分别是 1 9、4、9个 ,表明野生大豆的遗传基础丰富。 870 2 -2 -4具有 P1、P2 、P3的特异位点数分别是 2、2、5个。 870 2 -2 -8具有 P1、P2 、P3的特异位点数分别为 1、2、8个 ,农艺性状表现更象 P3,如荚熟色、褐斑率。8650 -1 -4具有 P1、P2 、P3的特异位点数分别为 1 1、1、2个 ,在农艺性状上更多的继承了野生大豆的遗传特点 ,如多荚、多分枝。证明RAPD技术对于研究亲本和后代遗传关系是有效的。另外 ,亲本的一些特异位点在后代中加强 ,可能与杂种优势有关 ,但有待于进一步研究 相似文献
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设置"高油×高油"、"中油×高油"和"中油×低油"3种组合类型,对各组合类型后代品系油分含量进行分析测定,研究了大豆不同亲本组合对后代品系油分含量的影响。结果表明,大豆杂交组合亲本油分含量通过杂交后代群体对后代品系有显著影响,亲本油分含量与组合后代品系油分含量呈正相关。不同油分含量的大豆杂交亲本组合类型对后代品系油分含量有显著影响,同时受人为选择方式的影响。试验明确了大豆杂交后代群体油分含量的遗传过程及选择作用对后代品系油分含量的影响,为大豆品质育种实践提供参考。 相似文献
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基因组大片段序列存在/缺失变异(presence/absence variation,PAV)作为一种基于PCR技术、方便快捷的新标记受到人们的关注,但在大豆遗传育种工作中的应用较少。大豆育种计划中一般会有一批核心亲本,揭示其作用特点有助于亲本选配。应用PAV标记对国家大豆改良中心种质创新计划中3个核心亲本(南农86-4、南农88-48和诱处4号)与国内外材料杂交所获得34个组合衍生品系及亲本共154份材料所构建的样本进行核心亲本对其衍生品系遗传贡献分析。结果表明:221个PAV标记的平均等位变异数为2.1,多态性信息含量指数(PIC)平均为0.239,位于基因内和基因间标记的丰富度和PIC平均值相当。基于PAV标记信息可将34个供试组合聚为6类,其中3个大类可分别与3个核心亲本的组合相对应,核心亲本与其衍生品系的遗传距离最小。154份材料可聚为9类,来自同一核心亲本、同一组合的材料多聚在一起,但也存在交叉现象。对23个单交和6个三交组合的亲本遗传贡献率分析表明,共有22个组合(占75.90%)的核心亲本对衍生品系的平均贡献率高于基于系谱的理论值,其中来自本地区的南农86-4、南农88-48对衍生品系的平均遗传贡献值总体上高于其它杂交亲本,而异生态区的诱处4号的贡献率相对较低。PAV标记能在系谱信息基础上进一步反映大豆亲本及衍生品系的亲缘关系。 相似文献
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花生亲本材料遗传评价研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
选用8个亲本按NCⅡ配制16个组合,研究了F1-F4:5代产量性状和F4种子品质性状的遗传变异情况,测定了F4:5384个株系、56个品系的产量。结果表明:①各性状的一般配合力变异大于特殊配合力变异,杂种均数的遗传分量中以加性效应为主,这与前人研究结果一致。②亲本产量配合力在杂种世代间表现不一致,早代测定以F3较为适宜。③亲本性状值与一般配合力效应呈正相关,表明亲本性状优劣对杂种后代表现有一定影响。④优良品系的分布很集中,主要分布在母本963-4-1和父本88-1202的序列组合中,显示出优良亲本在育种效果上的突出优势。⑤963-4-1和88-1202是很好的高产育种亲本,904-79和佐治亚的育种利用价值也较高。 相似文献
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通过平板法,在含甲霜灵1.0μg·mL-1的CAM平板上测定了分离于不同地区的5个大豆疫霉菌和以Ps411-4为亲本的无性后代、有性后代对甲霜灵敏感性的遗传.结果表明:分离自不同地域的菌株对甲霜灵的敏感性存在差异,供试菌株对甲霜灵的敏感性在无性单孢后代无显著变异,而在50个自交有性后代中,上述浓度对其菌丝生长的抑制率分布范围为70.2%～96.8%,与亲本存极显著差异,其中5株高于亲本,4株低于亲本,41株与亲本相似.表明大豆疫霉对甲霜灵的敏感性同样在无性后代稳定遗传而在有性后代发生变异.结果提示,供试大豆疫霉菌株中上述性状可能由细胞核杂合基因控制. 相似文献
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结合大豆育种实际工作,设置低蛋白×低蛋白、低蛋白×高蛋白2种不同类型的大豆杂交组合,先后对各组合类型后代单株及后代品系蛋白质、油分含量进行测定分析。结果表明,大豆杂交亲本蛋白质含量通过杂交后代群体对后代品系蛋白质含量特征有显著的影响,亲本蛋白质含量与后代品系蛋白质含量表现为显著的正相关。不同蛋白质含量的大豆杂交亲本组合类型对后代品系蛋白质含量有显著的影响。试验明确了大豆杂交后代群体蛋白质含量的遗传过程以及选择作用对后代品系蛋白质含量的影响,为大豆蛋白质育种实践提供参考。 相似文献
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Eileen P. O’Donoghue Alejandro G. Marangoni Rickey Y. Yada 《American Journal of Potato Research》1996,73(12):545-558
Seven potato cultivars (Norchip, Monona, Onaway, Snowden, Atlantic, Saginaw Gold, Novachip) and the seedling ND860-2 differing in their susceptibility to low temperature sweetening were analyzed to determine if starch structural stability parameters could be used to consistently predict and/or monitor chip color (Agtron score) of potatoes during storage at 4 and 12 C. Fresh tissue gelatinization temperature (Tp) was significantly correlated (P≤0.05) with chip color for all cultivars except Onaway, Snowden and Atlantic for tubers harvested in 1993 when stored at 12 C. No correlations existed between Tp of isolated starch and chip color (P>0.05). In 1994 no correlations existed between Tp of fresh tissue, Tp of starch and chip color at either 4 or 12 C (P>0.05). Prediction of chip color based on starch stability parameters was not possible. Starch crystallinity, amylose content and starch granule size distribution could not be used to predict or monitor chip color in stored tubers. 相似文献
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The effect of plant population and harvest timing on potato yield and chipping quality was studied at two Iowa locations during 1986, 1987, and 1988. Evaluations were conducted in eastern Iowa near Muscatine and in western Iowa at Whiting. The cultivars Atlantic and Norchip were planted at in-row spacings of 15, 31, and 46 cm and were harvested approximately 12, 14, and 16 weeks after planting. Delaying harvest until 14 or 16 weeks after planting resulted in greater yields and better specific gravities for both cultivars. At Muscatine, chip color was not significantly affected by harvest date, but at Whiting, each successive harvest produced lighter-colored chips. Greater seed piece populations increased both Atlantic arid Norchip yields. Greater planting populations also caused a small increase in specific gravity. Seed spacing did not significantly affect chip color. In comparison with Norchip, Atlantic produced tubers with higher specific gravities throughout the season and greater total yields on the final harvest date. Atlantic did, however, show susceptibility to hollow heart. The incidence of hollow heart was reduced by close seed spacing. 相似文献
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Potato constituents were monitored to evaluate their contribution to potato chip color. Five chipping potato varieties: Snowden, AC Ptarmigan, FL 1625, FL 1815 and ND2471-8 were evaluated. Ascorbic acid, sugars, phenolic acids, and amino acids were determined and quantified by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and the color of potato chips was measured by both CIELab Hunter-ColorQuest and Agtron instruments. Composition and chip color varied among the different varieties. AC Ptarmigan and ND2471-8 produced the darkest chip color (on average L*= 49.0, chroma=19.5, and hue angle= 62.9) compared with FL 1815 (L*= 58.4, chroma= 28.3 and hue angle= 75.7). Reducing sugar concentration did not completely explain or predict color quality when it was present in low concentrations (ca. < 60 mg/100g). Other reactants present in the potato slices played an important role in the final color quality of potato chips. Multiple correlation analysis showed negative association of ascorbic acid (r= -0.7), fructose (r= -0.7), a chlorogenic acid isomer (r= -0.7), glucose (r= -0.7) and glutamine (r= -0.5) with potato chip color. Sucrose, chlorogenic acid and asparagine were poor estimators of chip color quality. 相似文献
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Through-the-pile ventilation is a common practice for potatoes stored in bulk. Research was initiated in 1986 to study the influence of ventilation rate on the temperature, moisture and market quality of bulk stored chip potatoes. Ventilation rates up to 168 m3 hr?1 t?1 were used. All ventilation rates achieved the required temperature and humidity control. Fan operation time (hours) was not reduced proportional to the increased ventilation rate. The higher ariflow resulted in proportionally less time being spent to correct pile temperature differentials. The Atlantic variety potatoes were utilized for potato chip production in all three seasons studied. Market quality after storage, measured by tuber sugar content, chip color and chip defects, was similar for all ventilation rates. For the last two storage seasons studies, the potatoes were marketed from the storage research bins at high levels of quality following 115 to 142 days of storage. Average weight losses for the airflow rates used were not statistically different. However, potato weight loss uniformity was proportional to increased ventilation rates. 相似文献
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Six cultivars, Atlantic, Eramosa, Kanona, Norchip, Onaway and Saginaw Gold and four selections, MS 700-70, MS 700-83 (Spartan Pearl), MS 716-15 and W-855 (Snowden), were analyzed for sucrose, glucose, chip color, specific gravity and yield at 98 and 138 days in 1988 and 1989, t evaluate their performance to Michigan growing conditions. The average yield of these cultivars at the two harvests for 1988 and 1989 was 46.9 and 54.7 t/ha and 43.1 and 52.3 t/ha, respectively. Eramosa and Onaway were the earliest maturing varieties with low specific gravity, high glucose content and processed into dark colored chips. The glucose and sucrose contents of the remaining eight cultivars at each harvest date were low and produced acceptable chips. The specific gravity of Atlantic, MS 700-70, MS 716-15 and W-855 was in the range of 1.079–1.088 and for Norchip, Kanona and Saginaw Gold the range was 1.071–1.076. The date of harvest, variety and year of production had significant effect (p > 0.01) on yield. The specific gravity, glucose content and chip color were significantly influenced by variety and year of production. The correlation between chip colorvs glucose (r= -0.842, p = 0.000) and harvest datevs yield (r= -0.572, p = 0.000) was also significant. 相似文献
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M. G. Scanlon R. Roller G. Mazza M. K. Pritchard 《American Journal of Potato Research》1994,71(11):717-733
Color analysis is a critical quality evaluation procedure in the potato processing industry. This research sought to determine whether potato chip color could be quantified by video image analysis. Russet Burbank and Shepody potatoes, stored at 8 and 5 C, were processed into 8 mm thick chips, which were fried for three time periods. Chip color was characterised by mean gray level values. Changes in video equipment operation and sample presentation were investigated to establish the most reproducible conditions for chip color measurements. The use of image analysis software to analyze mean gray level values from specific regions of the chip was demonstrated. Differences in chip color from potatoes stored at the two temperatures could be distinguished by mean gray level values. For potatoes that had been stored at 5 C, different chip frying times were distinguished on the basis of mean gray level. Chips of 1 mm thickness were prepared from 13 selections and 2 cultivars and color measured by mean gray level, Lvalue (Hunterlab D25L-2 colorimeter) and by Agtron value (Agtron M31A color meter, green mode). Good correlation was found between color assessed by mean gray level and color measured by the Agtron and Hunterlab. A repeatability study showed that image analysis color was not as repeatable as color measured by the two other techniques. Nevertheless, video image analysis appears to have potential as an objective assessor of chip color, and through software development, has specific advantages over other color assessment techniques. 相似文献
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R. J. Taylor G. A. Secor C. L. Ruby P. H. Orr 《American Journal of Potato Research》1993,70(2):117-130
Several important postharvest characteristics were evaluated in protoplast-derived somaclones after two consecutive growing seasons (1987, 1988). None of the somaclones had tuber yields significantly greater than the protoplast donor Crystal mother clone (MC), however, 8 of 37 clones had significantly lower yields. Of the 25 somaclones selected forErwinia soft rot resistance testing, 1 clone demonstrated significantly elevated resistance to soft rot while 12 clones were found to be significantly more susceptible relative to MC. Over half (20) of the 33 somaclones tested showed significant improvement in resistance to tuber bruising while only a single clone was more susceptible than MC. Based upon Agtron color analysis, 5 somaclones showed significantly enhanced chip color when processed directly out of cold storage (6 C). Six clones had significantly improved chip color after a reconditioning period (20 C). Four of the clones with significantly better cold processing characteristics were also among the 6 with significantly enhanced processing quality after reconditioning. Some clones showed improvement in two or more characteristics. Clone 72–93 had significantly elevated resistance to both bacterial soft rot and tuber bruising while the bruise resistant clones 74-14, 71-41, 71-18 and 71-2 demonstrated significant improvement in both cold and reconditioned processing characteristics. 相似文献
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W. K. Coleman G. C. C. Tai S. Clayton M. Howie A. Pereira 《American Journal of Potato Research》1993,70(12):909-923
The present study assessed a commercially available, enzymatically based blood glucose monitor for the rapid determination of processing quality of tuber samples taken directly from storage. This monitor is based on reflectance photometry of a disposable test strip for a chromogen produced during the oxidation of glucose. The influence of storage conditions, harvest location, cultivar, reconditioning effects and the monitoring environment were examined for their effects on glucose levels and chip color. Glucose concentrations were determined by blood glucose monitor, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or YSI biochemical analyzer. Crude tuber extracts did not adversely affect the determination of glucose by the blood glucose monitor and there was no evidence of any interaction between glucose concentration and extract in terms of test strip color development. The test strips demonstrated stable color retention for over an hour although values remained slightly higher after the initial potato extract test. Reaction of test strips to glucose was sensitive to initial temperature of the tuber extract with greatest accuracy exhibited in the 15–22 C range. Chip color was inversely correlated with tuber glucose content regardless of detection method, cultivar, growing site or storage temperature. The highly portable glucose monitor provided a rapid, accurate and quantitative profile of chip processing quality. 相似文献
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Walter S. De Jong Donald E. Halseth Bill B. Brodie Keith L. Perry Joseph B. Sieczka Barbara J. Christ Gregory A. Porter Ken M. Paddock Michael W. Peck Robert L. Plaisted 《American Journal of Potato Research》2006,83(2):189-193
‘Marcy’ is a white-skinned, white-fleshed potato cultivar notable for its high yield, good chip color, and resistance to common scab and race Ro1 of the golden cyst nematode. It was selected from a cross made at Cornell University in 1990 between ‘Atlantic’ and Q155-3. Full-season marketable yields of Marcy have averaged 15% to 20% greater than Atlantic in 83 trials across New York, Maine, and Pennsylvania. Specific gravity of Marcy has averaged 0.008 less than Atlantic. Chip color out of 7 C storage in New York has been similar to ‘Pike’, but not as light as ‘Snowden’. Marcy tubers have an attractive oval shape, shallow eyes, and highly textured skin. Marcy was jointly released by the New York and Pennsylvania Agricultural Experiment Stations in 2002. 相似文献
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Measurement of potato chip color is extremely important to the potato processing industry. A procedure is described whereby finished chip samples were utilized for correlation of one spectrophotometric chip color measurement system with another. Calibration, standardization, sample preparation, randomization and prediction equation development procedures are described. 相似文献