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1.
[目的]研究不同树莓品种的组配快繁技术。[方法]试验利用不同浓度培养基对树莓组培中的诱导、增殖、生根、移栽和定植进行研究,对不用激素水平进行比较,进行结果对比试验。[结果]树莓组培快繁以MS为基本培养基,BA 1.0 mg/L＋GA 0.5 mg/L＋IBA 0.1 mg/L为最佳诱导培养基,诱导率达82.0%;附加BA 0.5 mg/L＋GA 0.5 mg/L＋IBA 0.1 mg/L为最佳增殖培养基,年增殖6.5次,每次增殖倍数3.6倍,年增殖倍数为23.4倍;1/2 MS＋0.3 IBA mg/L为最佳生根培养基,生根率达97.0%,移栽炼苗平均成活率为96.1%,圃地定植成活率可达99.0%。[结论]该研究可为树莓组培快繁技术提供参考。  相似文献   

2.
以姜荷花‘红色印象’植株的多个部位作为外植体,进行丛生芽诱导、增殖扩繁、生根壮苗以及出瓶移栽育苗的研究,完善姜荷花工厂化组培快繁流程,为其规模化生产提供参考。以姜荷花球茎、储藏根、球茎小芽、侧芽、幼嫩花芽、幼嫩叶片6个部位为材料,通过添加不同浓度6-BA和NAA的MS培养基,对丛生芽诱导培养、丛生芽增殖培养、生根壮苗以及移栽育苗等步骤进行优化。姜荷花‘红色印象’最佳外植体为球茎小芽和侧芽,诱导培养基为MS+6-BA (3 mg/L或5 mg/L)+NAA 0.2 mg/L+蔗糖30 g/L+卡拉胶7 g/L,最佳丛生芽增殖培养基为MS+6-BA3 mg/L+NAA0.1mg/L+蔗糖30g/L+卡拉胶7g/L,生根壮苗培养基选用1/2MS+NAA0.1mg/L+蔗糖20g/L+卡拉胶7 g/L,经过炼苗后出瓶移栽,组培苗种植基质选用细泥炭和细椰糠1∶1混合基质最佳,出瓶移栽成活率达95%以上,表型稳定。利用EST-SSR标记对母株和随机选择的组培苗进行扩增分析,证实DNA水平上无明显变异。通过对姜荷花‘红色印象’外植体和培养基的筛选,实现姜荷花组培快繁流程优化,建立高效完整的姜荷花工厂...  相似文献   

3.
以OT百合新品种"罗宾娜"(Robina)的种球鳞片为外植体,开展其组培快繁体系的研究。结果表明,鳞片诱导的最适培养基为:MS+6-BA2.0mg/L+NAA0.5 mg/L,其诱导率达到95.83%;采用分切再生小鳞茎的鳞片叶来扩大增殖,增殖培养基为MS+6-BA0.5 mg/L+NAA0.1 mg/L+2,4-D 0.1 mg/L,平均增殖倍数达6.8;生根培养基为MS+6-BA0.5 mg/L+NAA0.1 mg/L+IAA0.25 mg/L,生根率为96.37%;移栽成活率达97.63%以上。  相似文献   

4.
[目的]探索‘红天鹅’花梗的不定芽诱导、丛生芽继代增殖和生根诱导技术。[方法]以蝴蝶兰新品种‘红天鹅’的花梗作为外植体,开展组织培养技术研究。[结果]用0.1%的HgCl2消毒外植体20 min,污染率可降低至27.2%,萌芽率达91.0%;不定芽继代增殖培养的最适培养基为MS+6-BA 6.0 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L+AD 5.0 mg/L+香蕉50 g/L+土豆50g/L+蔗糖30g/L+琼脂7.5 g/L,增殖系数达3.80;最适合的生根诱导培养基为1/2MS+NAA0.4 mg/L+香蕉50 g/L+土豆50g/L+C 1.0 g/L+蔗糖15 g/L+卡拉胶7.0 g/L,生根时间为15 d,生根率达100%。[结论]发现了适宜‘红天鹅’的从消毒到增殖,再到生根中各试剂和激素的合理用量,为蝴蝶兰快繁技术发展提供了参考。  相似文献   

5.
以变叶木‘金皇后’的顶芽和带腋芽茎段为外植体进行离体快繁研究,建立‘金皇后’的离体快繁研究体系,为‘金皇后’的工厂化生产提供理论依据和技术支撑。结果表明：外植体表面消毒的最适条件为75%酒精消毒30 s后再用0.1%升汞消毒10 min,消毒后的污染率为22.63%,成活率最高达72.77%。最适初代培养基为MS+6-BA 2.0 mg/L+IBA 0.2 mg/L,有效不定芽数可达3.75。最适继代增殖培养基为MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.2 mg/L,增殖系数达10.77。最适生根培养基为1/2MS+IBA 1.5 mg/L,生根率达100%。最适的移栽基质为泥炭土+沙+蛭石（3∶1∶1）,成活率达90%。  相似文献   

6.
以日本单头切花菊‘白扇’的顶芽和带腋芽茎段为外植体,对其组培快繁技术进行研究。结果表明：初代培养中,先用75%酒精消毒30 s,后用0.1%升汞溶液消毒,顶芽和带腋芽茎段最佳消毒时间分别为3 min和4 min,初代最适培养基为MS+6-BA 1.0 mg/L+NAA 0.1 mg/L,平均芽诱导率为100%,平均单芽数达1.69个。以无菌苗腋芽茎段进行扩增繁殖,其最佳的增殖培养基为MS+6-BA 1.5 mg/L+NAA 0.15 mg/L,30 d后增殖系数达3.05,有效芽率65.26%,平均株高3.22 cm;瓶内生根培养时,添加了NAA和IBA的1/2MS培养基均能诱导生根,生根率达100%;也可瓶外生根,插穗浸蘸NAA溶液5 min后插入基质,生根效果良好。本研究结果可以为‘白扇’的大面积推广和产业化、标准化生产种苗提供理论与技术指导。  相似文献   

7.
为建立高效、稳定的海南油茶良种离体快繁体系,加快油茶芽苗砧嫁接苗的繁育,以海南本土油茶良种海大油茶4号当年生枝条的腋芽及顶芽为外植体,初代诱导定芽萌发建立无菌体系,再通过增殖培养提高组培芽增殖系数,进一步对增殖芽进行壮芽和炼芽,作为海南地区油茶芽苗砧嫁接用接穗。结果表明,最适宜的外植体消毒方法为：以2% NaClO 15 min + 0.1% HgCl2 12 min进行复合消毒,外植体在添加杀菌剂0.1 g/L清菌易的培养基上初代培养,污染率可控制在20%以下;腋芽和顶芽的初代芽诱导适宜培养基为：MS+0.1 mg/L IAA+2 mg/L 6-BA+0.5 mg/L GA3;无菌组培芽的适宜增殖培养基为：WPM+2 mg/L 6-BA+0.05 mg/L IAA+2 mg/L GA3;组培单芽的适宜壮芽培养基为：WPM + 活性炭500 mg/L;将组培芽接穗用6-BA 50 mg/L的溶液浸泡基部2 min,嫁接成苗率可达90%以上。  相似文献   

8.
以屏南县棠口乡龙源村400多年‘四季杜鹃’古树的顶芽为外植体,开展离体快繁技术研究,探讨外植体消毒方式、取材时间对无菌系建立的影响,培养基中植物生长调节剂种类和配比对芽苗继代增殖的影响,以及培养基中植物生长调节剂的种类与配比对无根苗瓶内生根的影响。试验结果表明,外植体表面消毒以75%酒精作用30 s后再用0.1% HgCl2消毒8 min,消毒效果最好。外植体最佳的取材时间为5月中旬前后。在无菌系建立中污染的外植体可采用75%酒精消毒20 s,然后用0.1% HgCl2消毒5 min,再经4次转瓶后成功率可达71%。初代培养的最适培养基为WPM+3.0 mg/L ZT+0.1 mg/L NAA+0.5 mg/L GA3 ,平均有效芽数为3.45。在增殖培养中,带腋芽茎段诱导丛生芽的增殖效果优于顶芽,最适培养基组合为Anderson+0.5 mg/L TDZ+0.1 mg/L NAA,增殖系数达13.23。最适的瓶内生根培养基为：WPM+0.1 mg/L ZT+0.5 mg/L NAA,生根率达92.6%。本研究的结果可为‘四季杜鹃’古树的保护与开发利用提供理论与技术支持。  相似文献   

9.
以切花菊‘白扇’的带腋芽茎段为外植体,以次氯酸钠为表面消毒剂,确定最佳的消毒浓度及消毒时间;以山梨酸钾、次氯酸钠和代森锰锌为抑菌剂,确定开放式初代、继代和生根培养基中抑菌剂的最佳组合,建立开放式组培快繁体系。试验结果表明：外植体最佳消毒条件为0.1%（V/V）次氯酸钠消毒15 min;在初代培养基中,抑菌剂最佳组合为50 mg/L代森锰锌、0.01%（V/V）次氯酸钠和5 mg/L山梨酸钾,该组合的污染率较低,为36.7%。开放式培养中芽的生长情况、诱导率均无显著差异;在继代增殖和生根培养阶段,抑菌剂的最佳组合为40 mg/L代森锰锌、0.01%（V/V）次氯酸钠和5 mg/L山梨酸钾,芽的增殖系数和生根率较高,分别为5.93%、80.0%,芽生长良好,与常规组培无明显差异。  相似文献   

10.
以鼓槌石斛八成熟蒴果为外植体，通过对其种子无菌萌发培养、原球茎继代增殖及生根壮苗培养基的筛选，建立鼓槌石斛的组培快繁技术体系。结果表明：1/2 MS＋1.0 mg/L NAA＋8.0%土豆泥＋0.10%活性炭培养基效果较理想，种子萌发率较高，发芽快；最适增殖培养基为3/4 MS+3.0 mg/L 6-BA＋8%香蕉泥，增殖系数可达7.23；最佳生根培养基为3/4 MS＋1.0 mg/L NAA＋0.5 mg/L CA＋8%香蕉泥，平均根数量达7.49条。炼苗移栽到松树皮作为栽培基质的苗床上，1个月以后，成活率均达80%。  相似文献   

11.
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described.  相似文献   

12.
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13.
Summary

The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices.  相似文献   

14.
Health authorities worldwide have consistently recommended the regular consumption of marine fishes and seafood to preserve memory, sustain cognitive functions, and prevent neurodegenerative processes in humans. Shrimp, crabs, lobster, and salmon are of particular interest in the human diet due to their substantial provision of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3/PUFAs) and the antioxidant carotenoid astaxanthin (ASTA). However, the optimal ratio between these nutraceuticals in natural sources is apparently the key factor for maximum protection against most neuro-motor disorders. Therefore, we aimed here to investigate the effects of a long-term supplementation with (n-3)/PUFAs-rich fish oil, ASTA-rich algal biomass, the combination of them, or krill oil (a natural combination of both nutrients) on baseline redox balance and neuro-inflammation indexes in cerebellum and motor cortex of Wistar rats. Significant changes in redox metabolism were only observed upon ASTA supplementation, which reinforce its antioxidant properties with a putative mitochondrial-centered action in rat brain. Krill oil imposed mild astrocyte activation in motor cortex of Wistar rats, although no redox or inflammatory index was concomitantly altered. In summary, there is no experimental evidence that krill oil, fish oil, oralgal biomass (minor variation), drastically change the baseline oxidative conditions or the neuro-inflammatory scenario in neuromotor-associated rat brain regions.  相似文献   

15.
Wheat bran is a composite material made of several layers, such as pericarp, testa and aleurone. It could be fractionated into purified fractions, which might either be used as food ingredients, or serve as a starting material for extraction of bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of using electrostatic separation as a way to obtain purified fractions from wheat bran. Ultrafine-ground bran obtained either by cryogenic grinding or by grinding at ambient temperature was used as starting material. The ultrafine bran was then charged by tribo-electrification and introduced in a chamber containing two high voltage electrodes, where bran particles were separated depending on their acquired charge, allowing positively and negatively charged fractions to be collected separately. The particle size distribution, microstructure and biochemical composition of the obtained fractions were studied. The charge of the particles was influenced by their biochemical composition: particles rich in highly branched and cross-linked arabinoxylans (pericarp) were separated from particles rich in β-glucan, ferulic acid and para-coumaric acid (aleurone cell walls). The testa and the intracellular compounds from aleurone were not highly charged, neither positively nor negatively. The most positively charged fraction represented 34% of the initial bran, and contained 62% of the ferulic acid present in the initial bran. The yield of the separation process was good (5.4% loss), and could be further increased.  相似文献   

16.
Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future.  相似文献   

17.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets   总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4  
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity.  相似文献   

18.
Pulque is made by fermenting the agave sap or aguamiel of Agave atrovirens with a whole array of microorganisms present in the environment including several lactic acid bacteria and yeasts such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ascorbic acid was determined in pulque and aguamiel, respectively. Phytase activity in lees, liquid and freeze-dried pulque was assayed by measuring the appearance of phosphate from phytate by a colorimetric method likewise phosphate from phytate present in fresh corn tortilla was measured after in vitro incubation with pulque. Iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium and selenium contents were measured in pulque and corn tortilla as well as in nixtamalized corn flour (NCF), the latter is used to make instant tortilla, since corn provides most of the energy as well as most of the phytate in the Mexican rural diet. Pulque showed phytase activity but much less ascorbic acid and iron than previously reported; additionally, phytase in pulque hydrolyzed most of phytate’s corn tortilla. Lees, which is mostly made of pulque’s microbiota, significantly accumulated iron and zinc but no selenium. NCF was fortified with iron by the manufacturers but poorly blended. There were significant differences on selenium content between tortillas samples, apparently some soils in central Mexico are selenium deficient. Moderate pulque intake appears to increase the bioavailability of iron and zinc bound by phytate in corn.  相似文献   

19.
Résumé Fusarium culmorum et, dans une moindre mesure,F. avenaceum, F. sambucinum, Colletotrichum coccodes etCylindrocarpon sp. ont été isolés de tubercules entreposés en atmosphère contr?lée (AC) et atteints de pourriture grave. Des expériences d'inoculation de tubercules avec 10 espèces ou variétés fongiques et conservation en AC à 8 et 10°C ont montré que: 1) les champignons non pathogènes en atmosphère normale (ex.:Cylindrocarpon sp.) le devenaient en AC, 2) ceux qui étaient faiblement pathogènes en atmosphère normale étaient nettement plus virulents en AC (ex.:F. culmorum), 3) les espèces ou variétés virulentes en conditions d'air normales (Fusarium sulphureum etPhoma exigua var.foveata) ne provoquaient pas de pourriture plus grave en AC et leur activité pouvait même être légérement freinée.
Summary The extensive rotting of tubers which occurred during storage trials in controlled atmospheres has led to a mycological and pathological study of the rots. The most frequently isolated species wasFusarium culmorum althoughF. avenaceum, F. Sambucinum, Coletotrichum coccodes and aCylindrocarpon sp. were also present. Tubers of cvs Bintje and Ulla were inoculated with 19 isolates of 10 fungal species or varieties associated with rotting of stored tubers (Table 1). The tubers were incubated at 8 or 10°C in normal or controlled (2% O2:1% CO2, 2% O2:6% CO2, 2% O2:12% CO2, 6% O2:6% CO2) atmospheres and the extent of rotting was determined a month later (Tables 2 and 3 and Fig. 2). Species which were weakly virulent in a normal atmosphere (variousFusarium spp. andPhoma exigua var.exigua) were clearly more aggressive in the controlled atmosphere and this was especially evident in the case ofF. culmorum. Species ot pathogenic in a normal atmosphere under experimental conditions (Colletotrichum coccodes, Cylindrocarpon sp.,Phoma eupyrena) caused rotting in the controlled atmosphere. The two species which were virulent in a normal atmosphere (F. sulphureum andP. exigua var.foveata) were also virulent in the controlled atmosphere and in some cases the extent of rotting was even less. As a general rule, rotting caused by weakly virulent fungi was greater in both cultivars in the controlled than in a normal atmosphere.
Zusammenfassung Eine starke F?ulnis von in Kontrotrollierter Atmosph?re gelagerten Kartoffelknollen veranlasste eine mykologische und pathologische Untersuchung. Der am h?ufigsten isolierte Pilz warFusarium culmorum. F. avenaceum, F. sambucinum, Colletotrichum coccodes undCylindrocarpon sp. wurden ebenfalls bestimmt. Neunzehn St?mme von 10 Pilzsorten oder-Arten welche bei Lagerf?ulnis vorkommen (Tab. 1) wurden auf Knollen der Sorten Bintje und Ulla inokuliert. Die Lagerung wurde bei 8 oder 10°C under Normalbedingungen oder kontrollierter Atmosph?re durchgeführt (2% O2:1% CO2, 2% O2:6% CO2, 2% O2:12% CO2, 6% O2:6% CO2). Der F?ulnisgrad (Abb. 1) wurde nach einem Monat bonitiert. Die Ergebnisse sind in den Tabellen 2 und 3 dargestellt und in der Abb. 2 illustriert. Unter in Normalbedingungen nur schwach virulente Arten (verschiedeneFusarien undPhoma exigua var. exigua) waren deutlich aktiver in kontrollierter Atmosph?re. Dies was besonders der Fall fürF. culmorum. Pilze, die im Versuch unter Normalbedingungen nicht pathogen waren (Colletotrichum coccodes, Cylindrocarpon sp., Phoma eupyrena), haben unter kontrollierter Atmosph?re Sch?den verursacht. Hingegen werden die beiden unter Normalbedingungen sehr pathogenen Arten (F. sulphureum undP., exigua var.foveata), durch kontrollierte Atmosph?re wenig beeinflusst. Es wurde sogar in einigen F?llen eine gewisse Verringerung des F?ulnisbefalls beobachtet. Ganz allgemein haben die getesteten kontrollierten Bedingungen die Entwicklung der Pilzf?ulnis an beiden Kartoffelsorten gef?rdert, speziell durch Pilzarten, welche unter Normal-bedingungen wenig Sch?den verursachen.
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20.
Summary Recurrent backcrosses (BC) were used to introduce nuclear factors ofS. tuberosum L. ssp.tuberosum into the cytoplasm of Andean potatoesS. tuberosum ssp.andigena (Juz. and Buk.) Hawkes andS. phureja Juz. and Buk. Each generation BC was produced in reciprocal directions to test the effect of cytoplasmic substitution on yield. This report analyses tuber number, tuber weight, and tuber length of BC2 and BC3 substitution into ssp.andigena cytoplasm and BC2 and BC2 substitutions intoS. phureja cytoplasm. Direction of cross had no consistent significant effect on yield components of ssp.andigena substitution lines. InS. phureja reciprocal progenies direction of cross was responsible for significant differences of some reciprocal sets. When there were significant differences the higher yield usually occurred when ssp.tuberosum was the pistillate parent, but in some progenies when ssp.tuberosum was the pistillate parent the yield was significantly lower than in the reciprocals. It is suggested that differences between reciprocals resulted from chromosomally encoded gene action, resulting from maternal and/or paternal effects, rather than cytoplasmic factors. Authorized for publication as paper No. 7494 in the Journal Series of The Pennsylvania Agriculture Experiment Station.  相似文献   

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