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1.
甘蓝型油菜自交不亲和系杂种纯度鉴定 总被引：15，自引：3，他引：15
利用共显性分子标记技术SSR、显性形态标记性状花叶及显性生化标记种子芥酸含量鉴定甘蓝型油菜自交不亲和系SI-1300与恢复系花叶恢杂种F1种子纯度.结果表明,3种方法鉴定结果基本一致,F1杂种种子纯度达到91%以上;不同SSR引物鉴定结果完全相同,一对SSR引物即可用于鉴定F1杂种纯度.SSR扩增产物具有很高的多态性和严格的保守性,不仅可以用于油菜杂种纯度鉴定,亦可以用于不同品种(组合)真实性鉴别.研究结果还表明,自然条件下放养蜜蜂用于自交不亲和系杂种制种是一种稳妥、切实可行的方法. 相似文献
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《杂交水稻》2019,(2):59-62
采用田间性状稳定的不同世代恢复系YR179(F8、F9和F10代)、YR092(F8和F9代)和YR018(F8和F9代)及其与稳定不育系03S配制的杂交种为材料,利用《水稻品种鉴定技术规程SSR标记法》(NY/T 1433—2014)中推荐的48对SSR引物检测各世代恢复系的纯合位点数,通过室内分子鉴定与田间植株性状鉴定的一一对应检测,研究不同世代恢复系所配杂交种种子室内分子鉴定纯度结果与田间种植鉴定纯度结果的吻合度,并对各杂株类型进行一一对应分析。结果表明,当YR179、YR092和YR018分别选育至F10、F9和F9代时,全部48个位点均已完全纯合,此时,其对应杂交种室内分子鉴定纯度与田间种植鉴定纯度吻合率分别为99.4%、99.4%和100%,且各杂株类型的室内与田间鉴定结果也基本一致。说明当恢复系完全纯合时,可用室内SSR分子标记鉴定替代田间种植鉴定来鉴定其杂交种的纯度。 相似文献
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应用SRAP技术开发了龙眼指纹检索系统并进行了遗传多样性分析。12对引物组合在16份龙眼及龙荔种质中共扩增出257条DNA带,其中248条为多态带(占96.5%),平均每个引物扩增多态性带20.7条。17份材料间的遗传相似系数范围为0.399~0.871。利用Me6Em7、Me5Em4、Me2Em8等3对引物开发的指纹检索系统,可以区分全部17份种质。根据相似系数进行聚类分析,16个龙眼品种和龙荔分成2大组,龙眼品种间的聚类结果基本反映了供试材料之间的亲缘关系。 相似文献
5.
我国江淮产区主要芝麻品种的SRAP指纹图谱分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
利用SRAP分子标记对江淮主产区8个芝麻品种进行指纹图谱分析。32对有效扩增的引物中有27对扩增出多态性,占84.37％;27对多态性引物共扩增465个位点,多态性位点158个,占33.98％;平均每对引物可检测位点17.22个,其中多态性位点平均5.85个;8个品种相互间的相似系数在0.7861～0.9711之间,平均为0.9079;用一对引物Em07/Me09便可将8份芝麻品种区分开来,用其构建的指纹图谱的置信概率达到99.6948％。 相似文献
6.
采用SRAP（sequence related amplified polymorphism）技术对154份国兰（杂交兰）种质资源的亲缘关系进行分析。从168对SRAP引物中筛选出16对条带多、带型清晰、多态性强的引物组合对所有样品进行扩增,共获得874条带,其中多态性条带857条,多态性比率为98.1%,平均每对引物每个样品产生5.74条带。UPGMA聚类分析表明:Me6-Em3引物能较好地揭示154份国兰种质间的遗传多样性与亲缘关系,在遗传相似系数0.818处将它们分为8个类群,遗传相似系数变化范围为0.772~1.000。此外,发现引物Me8-Em4、Me11-Em2和Me12-Em11可以较可靠地联合鉴定建兰。该研究结果可为国兰种质资源利用及杂种后代鉴定提供参考。 相似文献
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SSR、SRAP、ISSR分子标记在茶树品种亲本鉴定上的比较分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为鉴定湘波绿2号的父本,同时为茶树亲本鉴定和亲缘关系分析等研究提供分子标记参考,本研究采用SSR、SRAP、ISSR 3种分子标记体系,在对湘波绿2号与其母本和5个可能父本进行亲缘关系分析基础上,比较了这3种分子标记体系的多态性条带比率（PPB）、多态性信息含量（PIC）、多样性指数（DI）、引物解析强度（Rp）、分子标记指数（MI）等指标。29对SSR引物共检测到等位位点83个,平均每对引物2.86个,引物PPB、PIC、DI、Rp、MI平均值分别为77.01%、0.55、0.29、1.31、0.95。17对SRAP引物共检测到等位位点139个,平均每对引物8.18个,引物PPB、PIC、DI、Rp、MI平均值分别为71.70%、0.84、0.15、3.65、3.59。10个ISSR引物共检测到等位位点90个,平均每个引物9.00个,引物PPB、PIC、DI、Rp、MI平均值分别为69.76%、0.85、0.15、4.21、4.71。3种标记体系的MI、Rp、PIC趋势一致,ISSR最高,依次为SRAP和SSR,而PPB和DI正好相反。以上结果表明,ISSR和SRAP标记具有较高的标记效率,而SSR标记具有丰富的多态性。不同分子标记体系获得的品种间相似系数有所不同,但湘波绿2号与湘波绿和福鼎大白茶聚为一类,说明湘波绿2号与其关系较近,湘波绿可能为湘波绿2号的父本。 相似文献
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热辣2号辣椒纯度鉴定及优良自交系遗传多样性分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了提高种子质量和充分利用辣椒种质资源,应用SSR分子标记对热辣2号杂交种纯度进行鉴定并对部分辣椒优良自交系进行遗传多样性分析。以热辣2号母本材料CAYB02和父本材料CAYB01为模板筛选85对辣椒SSR引物,其中12对引物在亲本间能扩增出明显的多态性,多态性比率为14.12%,多态性标记分别位于辣椒1、3、4、6、7、9、11、12号染色体,利用3对位于不同染色体上的SSR标记对热辣2号黄灯笼椒杂交种的纯度进行鉴定,热辣2号种子纯度为98.79%,标记鉴定结果与田间鉴定结果一致。研究结果表明,利用SSR标记鉴定辣椒杂交种纯度是切实可行的。利用12对多态性明显、稳定可靠的SSR引物对部分辣椒自交系进行遗传多样性分析,共扩增出60条条带,多态性位点比率为100%,平均每对引物检测出5个等位基因。30份辣椒自交系间遗传相似系数变幅为0.33~1.00,平均为0.65,表明供试材料间具有丰富的遗传多样性。聚类分析结果表明,在遗传相似系数为0.47时,可以将中国辣椒和一年生辣椒区分开来。在遗传相似系数为0.85时,30份辣椒优良自交系分为11个类群,辣椒种质遗传关系与地理来源和农艺性状具有一定的相关性。 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
13.
Alexander N. Shikov Elena V. Flisyuk Ekaterina D. Obluchinskaya Olga N. Pozharitskaya 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)
Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future. 相似文献
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Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
15.
Résumé
Fusarium culmorum et, dans une moindre mesure,F. avenaceum, F. sambucinum, Colletotrichum coccodes etCylindrocarpon sp. ont été isolés de tubercules entreposés en atmosphère contr?lée (AC) et atteints de pourriture grave. Des expériences
d'inoculation de tubercules avec 10 espèces ou variétés fongiques et conservation en AC à 8 et 10°C ont montré que: 1) les
champignons non pathogènes en atmosphère normale (ex.:Cylindrocarpon sp.) le devenaient en AC, 2) ceux qui étaient faiblement pathogènes en atmosphère normale étaient nettement plus virulents
en AC (ex.:F. culmorum), 3) les espèces ou variétés virulentes en conditions d'air normales (Fusarium sulphureum etPhoma exigua var.foveata) ne provoquaient pas de pourriture plus grave en AC et leur activité pouvait même être légérement freinée.
Summary The extensive rotting of tubers which occurred during storage trials in controlled atmospheres has led to a mycological and pathological study of the rots. The most frequently isolated species wasFusarium culmorum althoughF. avenaceum, F. Sambucinum, Coletotrichum coccodes and aCylindrocarpon sp. were also present. Tubers of cvs Bintje and Ulla were inoculated with 19 isolates of 10 fungal species or varieties associated with rotting of stored tubers (Table 1). The tubers were incubated at 8 or 10°C in normal or controlled (2% O2:1% CO2, 2% O2:6% CO2, 2% O2:12% CO2, 6% O2:6% CO2) atmospheres and the extent of rotting was determined a month later (Tables 2 and 3 and Fig. 2). Species which were weakly virulent in a normal atmosphere (variousFusarium spp. andPhoma exigua var.exigua) were clearly more aggressive in the controlled atmosphere and this was especially evident in the case ofF. culmorum. Species ot pathogenic in a normal atmosphere under experimental conditions (Colletotrichum coccodes, Cylindrocarpon sp.,Phoma eupyrena) caused rotting in the controlled atmosphere. The two species which were virulent in a normal atmosphere (F. sulphureum andP. exigua var.foveata) were also virulent in the controlled atmosphere and in some cases the extent of rotting was even less. As a general rule, rotting caused by weakly virulent fungi was greater in both cultivars in the controlled than in a normal atmosphere.
Zusammenfassung Eine starke F?ulnis von in Kontrotrollierter Atmosph?re gelagerten Kartoffelknollen veranlasste eine mykologische und pathologische Untersuchung. Der am h?ufigsten isolierte Pilz warFusarium culmorum. F. avenaceum, F. sambucinum, Colletotrichum coccodes undCylindrocarpon sp. wurden ebenfalls bestimmt. Neunzehn St?mme von 10 Pilzsorten oder-Arten welche bei Lagerf?ulnis vorkommen (Tab. 1) wurden auf Knollen der Sorten Bintje und Ulla inokuliert. Die Lagerung wurde bei 8 oder 10°C under Normalbedingungen oder kontrollierter Atmosph?re durchgeführt (2% O2:1% CO2, 2% O2:6% CO2, 2% O2:12% CO2, 6% O2:6% CO2). Der F?ulnisgrad (Abb. 1) wurde nach einem Monat bonitiert. Die Ergebnisse sind in den Tabellen 2 und 3 dargestellt und in der Abb. 2 illustriert. Unter in Normalbedingungen nur schwach virulente Arten (verschiedeneFusarien undPhoma exigua var. exigua) waren deutlich aktiver in kontrollierter Atmosph?re. Dies was besonders der Fall fürF. culmorum. Pilze, die im Versuch unter Normalbedingungen nicht pathogen waren (Colletotrichum coccodes, Cylindrocarpon sp., Phoma eupyrena), haben unter kontrollierter Atmosph?re Sch?den verursacht. Hingegen werden die beiden unter Normalbedingungen sehr pathogenen Arten (F. sulphureum undP., exigua var.foveata), durch kontrollierte Atmosph?re wenig beeinflusst. Es wurde sogar in einigen F?llen eine gewisse Verringerung des F?ulnisbefalls beobachtet. Ganz allgemein haben die getesteten kontrollierten Bedingungen die Entwicklung der Pilzf?ulnis an beiden Kartoffelsorten gef?rdert, speziell durch Pilzarten, welche unter Normal-bedingungen wenig Sch?den verursachen.相似文献
16.
Alejandro M. S. Mayer Aimee J. Guerrero Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Fumiaki Nakamura Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2021,19(2)
The review of the 2016–2017 marine pharmacology literature was prepared in a manner similar as the 10 prior reviews of this series. Preclinical marine pharmacology research during 2016–2017 assessed 313 marine compounds with novel pharmacology reported by a growing number of investigators from 54 countries. The peer-reviewed literature reported antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral activities for 123 marine natural products, 111 marine compounds with antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory activities as well as affecting the immune and nervous system, while in contrast 79 marine compounds displayed miscellaneous mechanisms of action which upon further investigation may contribute to several pharmacological classes. Therefore, in 2016–2017, the preclinical marine natural product pharmacology pipeline generated both novel pharmacology as well as potentially new lead compounds for the growing clinical marine pharmaceutical pipeline, and thus sustained with its contributions the global research for novel and effective therapeutic strategies for multiple disease categories. 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(1-2):55-98
SUMMARY Vitamin A, iodine, and iron deficiencies affect large numbers of people worldwide. A deficiency of one or more of these micronutrients adversely affects the physical and mental abilities of humans. South Asia contains a high percentage of these individuals, not just because of its large population, but also the prevalence of deficiency is higher there than in many other parts of the world. The reasons for the high rates of deficiency in South Asia are many, but they include inadequate availability of micronutrient-rich foods, sub-optimal dietary habits, and high rates of infection. Across the region, national plans vary from (a) increasing availability of appropriate foods, (b) introducing new dietary behaviors, (c) improving health status, and (d) directly addressing deficiency through intervention programs. The extent to which each of the countries is making progress toward the goals of these plans can help in understanding the priorities for future efforts to address micronutrient malnutrition. This article discusses the adverse effects of micronutrient deficiencies in humans with special reference to South Asia. 相似文献
18.
Yanhua Lu Chongwei Zhang Peter Bucheli Dongzhi Wei 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2006,61(2):55-63
Flavonoids-enriched tissues of citrus such as peel, immature fruit and flower are consumed as culinary seasonings, tea ingredients in China for centuries. This HPLC quantitative study on the five citrus flavonoids, naringin, hesperidin, neohesperidin, sinensetin and nobiletin on a wide range of Chinese citrus fruits and several Traditional Chinese Medicinal food ingredients in East China, revealed a great diversity in flavonoid composition. Huyou peel (C. paradisi cv. Changshanhuyou) was found to be the best naringin (3.25%) and neohesperidin (2.76%) source; C. aurantium, a major ingredient of several citrus-related TCM, is also a suitable source of naringin and neohesperidin, and a good juice source for flavanone glycosides; the peel of Wenzhoumiju (C. unshiu) is one of the richest local species in hesperidin (up to 6.25%); Zaoju (C. subcompressa) has the highest content of nobiletin (0.59%), a polymethoxylated flavone. LC-ES-MS analysis of Zanthoxylum genus for flavonoids revealed for the first time the presence of significant amounts (0.74%) of hesperidin in the root of Liangmianzhen (Z. nitidum (Roxb.) DC), a relative of Sichuan pepper, which is a spice widely used in China. 相似文献
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Whereas the concept that availability of resources drives seed production is sound in principle, it is incomplete as there are many solutions to the allocation of resources that derive from the trade-off between number and size. This paper examines evolutionary aspects of this trade-off in annual grain crops. The analysis is centred on the working hypotheses that, for a given species and environment, allocation of resources to reproduction involves (H1) high plasticity in seed number, which allows for variable resource availability, and (H2) a relatively narrow range of seed size that results from evolutionary and agronomic selection. Comparisons between crops and fish are used to highlight common evolutionary elements in taxa where parents provide little or no care to their offspring, with the consequence that both number and early survival of offspring, hence fitness of parents, are partially related to embryo size and reserves.
The plasticity of seed number in relation to availability of resources is analysed against the established relationship between offspring number and parent growth rate during critical stages. The notion that seed size is under stabilising selection is analysed against three conditions: (1) mean seed size is conservative for a given species and environment, (2) seed size affects fitness, and (3) seed size is heritable. Databases from published papers were compiled to analyse the relative variability of seed size and number, and the heritability of seed size. Evidence for and against the link between seed size and parental fitness is revised using the Smith–Fretwell model as framework (Am. Nat., 108, 499–506).
The proposal of high plasticity of seed number and narrow variability of seed size resulting from stabilising natural selection is generally consistent with evolutionary and genetic considerations. Agronomic selection may have reinforced natural selection leading to relatively narrow seed size in species such as wheat and soybean, where cultivated types retained high plasticity for seed number. In contrast, selection for one or few inflorescences in crops like sunflower and maize may have morphologically reduced seed number plasticity and increased variability of seed size and its responsiveness to resource availability in relation to their wild ancestors. 相似文献
20.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(1):87-131
Summary Within the last three decades, the rice-wheat cropping system has triggered, and with time, aggravated soil micronutrient deficiencies in the Indo-Gangetic Plains (IGP). This has largely been due to the shift from an earlier rice and wheat monoculture with low yielding, long duration indigenous varieties, to an intensive rice-wheat rotation cropping system with short duration modern high yielding varieties on the same piece of land. The problems related to micronutrient deficiency in the IGP are more due to the size of its available pools in the soil rather than its total contents and are greatly influenced by crop management, or rather its mismanagement. Deficiency of zinc is widespread in the IGP, but with the extensive use of zinc sulfate, zinc deficiency has reduced in some areas of the region. Meanwhile, the deficiency of Fe, Mn and B has increased in the IGP. Deficiency of Cu and Mo is location specific and can limit rice and wheat yields. The adoption and spread of the rice-wheat system in permeable coarse textured soils, particularly in the western IGP, not only caused iron deficiency in rice but also resulted in the emergence of manganese deficiency in wheat. In highly calcareous and acidic soils, boron is the next limiting micronutrient in crop production after zinc. Bumper rice and wheat harvests in the past decade, the declining use of organic manures in the region and except for the widespread use of zinc sulfate, a general lack of awareness amongst farmers on micronutrient deficiency problems has contributed to micronutrients limiting rice and wheat yields in the IGP. Approaches to alleviating micronutrient deficiencies include matching the crop removals of the micronutrients with its replenishments through their respective external carriers, supplementation through organic sources and mobilization/utilization through cultivation of micronutrient efficient crop cultivars. Identification of efficient micronutrient carriers and finding the optimum rate, mode and time of its application is important in ameliorating the micronutrient deficiencies. This article reviews the extent of micronutrient deficiency and discusses various management options available to reduce micronutrient deficiency induced crop yield reduction for rice and wheat in the Indo-Gangetic Plains. 相似文献