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树品牌创名牌发展我国优质米产业 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
过去，为了解决温饱问题，人们不重视稻米品质。在食物短缺年代，人们也不重视稻米品牌。随着我国粮食等主要农产品已经实现供求基本平衡，粮食生产的主要矛盾已由数量不足转变为品质不犹、效益不高、市场不适销对路的矛盾。粮食问题也是水稻问题，调整优化水稻生产结构，提高稻米品质，开发优质稻米，创立稻米品（名）牌，已越来越引起人们的重视。一、我国是稻米生产和消目的古老大国1．我国是世界上最大的稻米生产国水稻是地球上最主要的粮食作物之一。稻米是世界上约占1／2人口的主要食粮。人类的食物热量（热值）有23％来自稻米。亚洲… 相似文献
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湖南杂交水稻研究中心 《杂交水稻》2004,19(Z1):15-16
在我国粮食生产开始向商品化发展的大好形势下,如何提高稻米品质,发展优质大米生产,以及杂交水稻在优质米开发中的地位和育种方向,是值得探讨的问题. 相似文献
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随着插秧机和收割机的出现,种水稻的农民开始摆脱脸朝黄土背朝天的日子。水稻品种改良和技术进步,对缓解世界粮食危机功不可没。解决世界粮食危机需要各国发展水稻等农作物生产,提高粮食产量;需要相关组织解决稻米流通问题满足缺粮地区人们的粮食需求,对此,FAO和WPF发挥了重要作用。 相似文献
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稻米是菲律宾人的主要食物. 多年来,菲人口快速增长,消费需求压力很大.虽然大面积推广现代水稻品种,促进了粮食大幅度增长,但是稻米生产整体水平低,不能满足人口快速增长的消费需求,每年要进口稻米60万t以上.实现菲律宾稻米自给的最佳途径是加快杂交水稻发展,工作的重点是尽快解决投入不足、种子短缺、推广乏力等问题. 相似文献
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软米不育系优化杂交稻米品质技术刍议 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
20世纪70年代中期,我同实现了籼型杂交水稻的三系配套。30年来,育成了一人批产量高、适应性强的杂交水稻新品种并广泛应用于生产,为粮食单产和总产的提高,实现粮食自足作出了巨大贡献。但与此同时,高产和优质的矛盾变得突出,既高产又优质的三系杂交稻较少。优质稻(主要是常规稻)面积不足水稻种植面积的15％,生产的优质稻米不能满足人民膳食质量的改善和数量的需求。凶此,三系杂交稻优质化是当前生产的迫切需要。 相似文献
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中国在步入21世纪的进程中．面临着资源和人口的巨大压力，是世界各国进一步发展所面临问题的典型缩影。因此，粮食的安全供给受利国内外的广泛关注。在解决粮食的诸多措施中，从育种角度入手，提高单位面积产量切实可行。辽宁省近10年水稻单产增加了10％，其中育种与栽培的贡献各约占50％。我国水稻育种工作者经过长期不懈的努力，形成了与国情相适应的超高产育种体系，并在实践中不断地完善和发展，为水稻的进一步高产，进而实现超高产奠定了坚实的基础。豆水稻超高产育种的概念1981年，日本农林水产省组织全国主要国立育种机构．率先拟定… 相似文献
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略述稻米生产现状及未来发展对策 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
2000年以后。世界粮食产量低于消费量的情况连年出现,这是以往不曾有过的。中国粮食产量已经从1998年高峰期的5．12亿t下降到2002年的4．57亿t。2003年。中国消耗的粮食比产出的粮食高出4000万t。当今世界农业的发展面临着人口增长、资源短缺、环境恶化和自然灾害频繁挑战。全球人口到2025年将由现在的65亿增至80亿。稻谷必须增产40％。才能适应人口增长速度。中国到2030年,人口将由现在的13亿增长到16亿。每年粮食需求将达到6亿t,远超出中国目前的生产能力。然而。当今我国面临着稻田日益减少、生态环境脆弱、水资源严重缺乏、气候不断恶化、病虫草鼠害不断威胁等问题。未来粮食的发展策略。首先应该控制人口增长。改善经济增长方式,加强支持保护粮食生产不动摇,坚持创新,加强作物遗传改良。常规技术和高新技术的良好结合,提高水稻品种的品质和增产潜力。一是研究超级优质高产水稻新品种;二是不断增强水稻光合作用,提高光合效率,促进提高单产;三是加强专用稻和名特优品种研究;四是增强水稻对病虫害及逆境生态的抗性;五是扩大耐旱节水作物的种植面积等。 相似文献
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Systemic and asymptomatic Neotyphodium fungal endophytes infect numerous species of the Poaceae. The frequencies of Neotyphodium endophyte infection in Finland were investigated among and within seven Nordic cultivars of meadow fescue, Schedonorus pratensis (Huds.) P. Beauv., which is a widely grown pasture and forage grass species in Scandinavia. The cultivars were Kasper, Salten, Antti, Fure, Ilmari, Inkeri and Kalevi. Frequencies of infection of cultivars varied from endophyte-free cultivar Fure to highly infected cultivar Inkeri [mean (standard deviation of mean) of 0·95 (0·023)]. Mean frequencies of infection of three cultivars remained lower than 0·10, and two of the cultivars, Kasper and Salten, were intermediately infected. In most of the cultivars, frequencies of infection varied only slightly among seed lots. In cultivar Kasper, however, the frequency of endophyte infection was highly variable (0–0·96) among the 45 seed lots examined. The relative importance of cultivar, seed lot and infection by Neotyphodium endophyte to the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi L. was studied experimentally, using both endophyte-free and endophyte-infected plants of four seed lots of the two intermediately infected cultivars. Endophyte infection increased plant resistance to R. padi , overriding the influences of seed lot and cultivar. It is proposed that variation caused by endophyte infections in cultivars of meadow fescue should be taken into account in assessing plant breeding programmes in Europe. 相似文献
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Quynh-Hoa Pham Xuan-An Tran Thi-Nha-Trang Nguyen Thi-Thuy-Anh Tran Hai-Yen Hoang Thi-Hong-Van Nguyen Thi-Hanh Tang Thi-Phuc Do 《水稻科学》2016,23(6):334
Rice(Oryza sativa) is sensitive to salinity, but the salt tolerance level differs among cultivars, which might result from natural variations in the genes that are responsible for salt tolerance. High-affinity potassium transporter(HKTs) has been proven to be involved in salt tolerance in plants. Therefore, we screened for natural nucleotide polymorphism in the coding sequence of Os HKT1, which encodes the HKT protein in eight Vietnamese rice cultivars differing in salt tolerance level. In total, seven nucleotide substitutions in coding sequence of Os HKT1 were found, including two non-synonymous and five synonymous substitutions. Further analysis revealed that these two non-synonymous nucleotide substitutions(G50T and T1209A) caused changes in amino acids(Gly17Val and Asp403Glu) at signal peptide and the loop of the sixth transmembrane domain, respectively. To assess the potential effect of these substitutions on the protein function, the 3D structure of HKT protein variants was modelled by using PHYRE2 webserver. The results showed that no difference was observed when compared those predicted 3D structure of HKT protein variants with each other. In addition, the codon bias of synonymous substitutions cannot clearly show correlation with salt tolerance level. It might be interesting to further investigate the functional roles of detected non-synonymous substitutions as it might correlate to salt tolerance in rice. 相似文献
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Russell Pressey 《American Journal of Potato Research》1969,46(8):291-297
Freshly harvested potatoes contain low levels of total invertase and high levels of invertase inhibitor. Total invertase increases sharply when potatoes are placed in cold storage, but the inhibitor is not depleted in all varieties. The absence of basal invertase activity in Norchip tubers indicates that an excess of invertase is not required for reducing sugar formation. Analyses of 37 varieties and seedlings after 3 months cold storage revealed that the reducing sugar content is not proportional to the invertase activity. High sugar contents are associated with low inhibitor levels, but low sugars are not necessarily associated with high inhibitor levels. The results indicate that invertase participates in reducing sugar formation, but other factors are responsible for the regulation of starch-sugar conversion in potatoes during cold storage. 相似文献
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马铃薯试管苗组织培养及微型薯诱导技术的研究 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：9
通过加入不同浓度的BA、NAA和KT,以探讨外源激素对马铃薯试管苗生理性状的影响,发现低浓度的外源激素较适合用来进行试管苗的增殖。本试验利用香豆素进行微型薯的诱导,结果表明低浓度的香豆素对提高薯重和大薯率有利,而高浓度有利于提高微型薯的结薯数量。 相似文献
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Soomro MT Zahir E Mohiuddin S Khan AN Naqvi II 《Pakistan journal of biological sciences: PJBS》2008,11(2):285-289
In present study, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, Co, Pb, Cr, Ni and Cd were analyzed by FAAS in green and black tea samples of locally available in the Pakistani market. Na and K were also determined by Flame Photometer. Tea leaves can be the source of mineral components and trace elements, as well as some undesirable substances due to exposure to the environment. Among the metals tested, K was the most abundant one followed by Na, Mn and Fe. Fortunately, toxic heavy metals, Pb and Cd, had the lowest contents in tea samples and also in tea aqueous extracts. Concentration of heavy metals in tea aqueous extract was markedly lower than their total contents except that of K. The solubility of studied metals in tea aqueous extract varied widely and ranged from 0.0-95%. The lowest ranges of solubility were listed for toxic heavy metals Pb and Cd. The possible uptake of metals by the human body from tea aqueous extract has also been determined. The amounts of metals that one may take up through consumption of tea aqueous extract were found to match the acceptable daily intake even taking into account exposure from air, food and drinking water. 相似文献
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1 前 言目前 ,马铃薯脱毒快繁技术已广泛应用于科研与生产中 ,快繁过程中脱毒苗培养基支持体通常采用琼脂或直接采用液体培养。然而这两种培养基存在着诸多问题 ,例如琼脂培养基中的琼脂价格昂贵、成本高 ,而且胶体不利于营养物质的扩散、透气性差 ,导致瓶苗生长不良。因此 ,该实验在本着降低成本的同时 ,又能保证瓶苗正常生长的前提下 ,以蛭石代替琼脂 ,分析其在实际生产中的应用价值。2 材料与方法2 1 材料供试品种为郑薯 6号脱毒苗 ,试验于 2 0 0 2年在郑州市蔬菜研究所马铃薯脱毒实验室内进行。2 2 方法本试验设两个处理 :处理 1… 相似文献
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利用Matlab软件对玉米子粒灌浆过程用Richards方程进行拟合后,通过编程实现灌浆次级特征参数计算,并对不同播期子粒灌浆特征进行分析和探讨。结果表明,在黑龙港地区生态条件下,不同播期玉米各部位子粒灌浆均符合"S"形生长曲线,可用Richards方程很好地拟合。不同播期条件下,早播处理子粒起始势最高,达到灌浆盛期时间最早,平均灌浆速率及最大灌浆速率最大,活跃灌浆期较长,粒重最高。各播期玉米不同部位子粒,穗下部与上部相比,子粒的起始生长势较大,平均灌浆速率较高,达到灌浆高峰期时间较短,粒重较高。 相似文献
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试验以5个生产用马铃薯品种脱毒试管苗为材料,采用组织培养的方法,初步研究了茎切段在正常磷及低磷培养基中生长30 d时幼苗的磷营养效率差异,为筛选出适宜于生产用的磷高效马铃薯品种奠定了基础。试验结果表明,5个马铃薯品种幼苗在正常磷和低磷胁迫下对磷素的吸收和利用能力均存在明显的基因型差异。利用各品种幼苗的磷效率指标(植株干重、鲜重、吸磷量、磷利用效率)的相对指标(低磷处理的结果/正常磷处理的结果×100)进行聚类分析(类平均法)的结果表明,大白和I-1035属于磷高效基因型品种,中农Ⅷ是磷低效基因型品种,凉薯97和疫不加则属于中间类型品种。 相似文献