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泛素结合酶(E2s)促进底物泛素化或者与E3s链接,是靶蛋白泛素化的关键酶,在泛素-蛋白酶体途径中起重要作用。利用可可(Theobroma cacao L.)全基因组测序数据,共鉴定出45个E2s基因家族成员,包括39个UBC和6个UEV基因。通过生物信息学方法,对可可E2s家族的基本理化性质、基因结构、二级结构预测、亚细胞定位、进化关系等方面进行初步分析。结果表明:可可E2s基因CDS长度在441(Tc UEV3)~3 651 bp(Tc UBC7)之间,对应的编码蛋白氨基酸数目在146(Tc UEV3)~1 216 aa(Tc UBC7)之间,编码蛋白分子量在16.39~134.71 ku之间。E2s基因外显子在1~11之间,多数基因外显子数目在5~7之间。E2s基因在10条染色体上均有分布,1号染色体为7个,数量最多;6号染色体2个基因,数量最少。可可E2s蛋白大多为不稳定蛋白,且均为亲水性蛋白,其二级结构以α-螺旋和无规则卷曲为主要构成元件。大多数可可E2s蛋白定位在细胞核,少数定位在内质网或者细胞质。进化树分析表明:可可E2s蛋白被分为20个亚家族,包括16个UBC亚家族和4个UEV亚家族,第Ⅵ亚家族E2s数目最多为9个;E2s家族蛋白在物种进化过程中具有高度保守性。 相似文献
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泛素/蛋白酶体系统在植物的生长发育、形态建成和抗病反应等过程中起着重要的作用。近年的研究表明,某些病原菌能够模拟寄主植物泛素/蛋白酶体系统组分,从而达到利用该系统为病原菌服务的目的。泛素结合酶是泛素化反应过程中的第二个酶,对植物泛素/蛋白酶体系统的正常运行不可或缺。已有的研究表明,水稻基因组数据库中存在48个预测的泛素结合酶基因。为了初步揭示这些泛素结合酶基因在植物抗病防御反应中的功能,研究其与植物抗病性的关系。本研究通过生物信息学、RNA-seq和qRT-PCR的方法,分析了水稻泛素结合酶基因家族的特征及其表达模式。系统进化树分析表明,48个水稻泛素结合酶基因可分为3个大组,总共7个亚组。蛋白结构域分析表明,水稻泛素结合酶基因主要由一个泛素结合酶催化结构域组成。电子表达谱分析表明,大多数水稻泛素结合酶基因能被稻瘟病菌诱导表达。启动子区顺式作用元件分析表明,4个抗病相关顺式作用元件和1个过敏性反应相关顺式作用元件在48个水稻泛素结合酶基因的启动子区有很高的分布。稻瘟病菌接种亲和性和非亲和性水稻单基因系的RNA-seq结果表明,处理36h读取到的水稻泛素结合酶基因为44个,其中高表达基因数量超过读取到的泛素结合酶基因总数的50%。qRT-PCR分析结果表明稻瘟病菌的侵染在亲和和非亲和组合中都能诱导部分水稻泛素结合酶基因的表达。在非亲和组合中水稻泛素结合酶基因的表达倾向于受到抑制。 相似文献
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根据先前获得的EST序列,从橡胶树中克隆了1个编码泛素结合酶的基因HbUBC5。HbUBC5 cDNA长度为567 bp,编码185个氨基酸;HbUBC5在基因组中序列长度为2 441 bp,包含6个外显子和5个内含子。HbUBC5编码蛋白具有典型的植物泛素结合酶E2的结构特征,包含1个保守的UBC结构域和1个高度保守的半胱氨酸活性位点,和其他植物中的E2蛋白具有很高的同源性。对HbUBC5启动子区域进行分析,发现含有众多应答激素和胁迫信号元件。实时荧光定量分析结果表明,HbUBC5在树皮的表达量最高,在花中的表达量次之,在胶乳和叶片中的表达量相对较低;乙烯诱导能显著上调基因的表达。研究结果表明,HbUBC5能对乙烯做出响应,推测其可能参与了乙烯利刺激橡胶树产生副作用的过程。 相似文献
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泛素结合酶在泛素化级联反应中居于中心位置,是连接泛素活化酶和泛素连接酶的桥梁,在泛素化系统中发挥着关键作用。本研究基于荔枝转录组数据库,利用生物信息学方法对转录组数据库泛素结合酶UBC基因家族进行鉴定,最终得到28个LcUBC基因家族成员。通过荧光定量PCR技术对LcUBC基因家族在‘妃子笑'荔枝不同组织中进行时空表达分析,并对花穗对照和烯效唑处理花穗发育的不同时期进行表达分析。结果表明：LcUBC基因家族成员对应所编码的氨基酸数分布在85~1146 aa之间,等电点大小在4.03~9.61之间,5个LcUBC蛋白为稳定蛋白,其余均为不稳定蛋白。2个LcUBC蛋白定位于细胞质,2个LcUBC蛋白定位于细胞质和细胞核,1个LcUBC蛋白定位于内质网,其余蛋白均定位于细胞核。系统进化分析结果表明,LcUBC蛋白分为10个亚家族;28个LcUBC基因家族成员在不同组织的表达量存在差异;烯效唑处理‘妃子笑'荔枝花穗与对照相比,烯效唑处理21 d后,LcUBC基因家族成员的多个基因表达量较高。这是在转录组水平分析LcUBC基因家族成员,本研究结果对今后该基因家族的分类、克隆和功能研究提供了参考依据。 相似文献
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番茄泛素活化酶基因家族进化及表达模式分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
泛素活化酶是蛋白泛素化所需的第一个酶,在泛素蛋白酶体途径中发挥重要作用。本文利用生物信息学方法从番茄基因组中鉴定出2个泛素活化酶(ubiquitin activating enzyme,UBA)基因,命名为Sl UBA1和Sl UBA2。序列分析表明Sl UBA1和Sl UBA2基因的CDS序列长分别为3 060和3 255 bp,分别编码1 019和1 084个氨基酸,编码蛋白分子量为114.15和120.46 ku,分别位于第6和9染色体。2个基因均含有5个内含子,编码蛋白均为酸性、疏水性蛋白;对蛋白二级结构分析发现2个UBA蛋白均以α-螺旋和无规则卷曲为主;亚细胞定位预测均定位于细胞核。序列比对和进化树分析表明番茄UBA基因与其他物种UBA基因相似性高,进化过程非常保守。番茄不同组织表达分析结果表明2个UBA基因在根系和花的表达量较高,果实成熟过程中的表达量相对较低。非生物胁迫试验结果表明:Sl UBA1基因在低温、干旱和盐胁迫下均上调表达;而Sl UBA2基因对非生物胁迫没有明显响应,这些结果表明Sl UBA1基因可能参与番茄对低温、干旱和盐胁迫的响应。 相似文献
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泛素结合酶是泛素/蛋白酶体途径的重要组成部分,在蛋白质的泛素化过程中具有重要作用。本研究利用生物信息学对玉米泛素E2家族成员进行系统进化及基因结构分析。系统进化分析显示,玉米泛素结合酶基因可分为6个亚家族,各亚家族成员数目差异较大。基因数目最多的亚家族是UBC1,为22个。成员数最少的是UBC3,仅为5个。以亚家族UBC2为研究对象,发现UBC2中一共存在4对旁系同源基因,分别是ZmUBC3/ZmUBC70、ZmUBC8/ZmUBC34、ZmUBC31/ZmUBC53以及ZmUBC45/ZmUBC66。对UBC2中成员进行基因结构分析发现,互为旁系同源的基因其基因结构相似。ZmUBC45/ ZmUBC66含有外显子数量最多,为9个,而ZmUBC31/ZmUBC53外显子含量最小,仅为4个。基因基序分析结果显示,ZmUBC3/ZmUBC70含有基序数量最多（8个）,ZmUBC8/ZmUBC34与ZmUBC31/ZmUBC53基序含量最小（均为3个）。基因启动子作用元件分析显示,泛素E2基因启动子元件类型可分为光响应、激素响应和胁迫响应元件、组织表达相关元件以及周期性调控相关元件5大类。基因不同组织表达分析显示,被检测基因在玉米雌花中均有很高的表达量,在根和茎中表达量最低。低氮胁迫结果显示,所有被检测基因在低浓度NO3 -处理下,其基因相对表达量在1 h降至最低,随后逐渐上升。在低浓度NH4 +处理条件下,各基因表达量逐渐降低,在24 h达到最低值。以上结果表明,泛素结合酶亚家族UBC2基因受低氮胁迫的影响其表达量发生了变化。 相似文献
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泛素结合酶E2（ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme, UBC）在植物中具有重要的作用，参与植物的生长发育、逆境胁迫、免疫响应等生理活动。本课题组前期通过分析桑脉带相关病毒（Mulberry vein banding-associated virus, MVBaV）侵染的桑树品种‘桂桑优62号’（Morus atropurpurea）转录组获得了上调表达的基因MaUBC-C。为探究泛素结合酶MaUBC-C基因的功能，本研究以‘桂桑优62号’桑树为材料，克隆MaUBC-C的CDS序列进行生物信息学和表达模式分析，并对其进行原核表达获得该蛋白。结果显示，MaUBC-C编码区全长为567 bp，编码蛋白含188个氨基酸，大小为21.03 kDa，属于亲水、酸性、不稳定的核定位蛋白，具有保守的UBC结构域。将其氨基酸序列与其他物种的UBC氨基酸序列进行比对和进化分析，发现MaUBC-C与川桑MnUBC-C的相似性最高为98.40%，且具有最近的进化亲缘关系。荧光定量PCR分析MaUBC-C基因表达模式，结果显示MaUBC-C在桑苗的根、茎、叶中均有表达，其中在根部表达量最高，分别是茎和叶的1.24倍和1.71倍；对外源激素（ABA、GA、MeJA、SA）和非生物胁迫（低温、高温、高盐、干旱）处理均产生响应，且在ABA和MeJA处理下表现出显著上调，在24 h时的表达量分别为正常水平的29.55、9.05倍，推测MaUBC-C在桑树的生长发育中具有广泛的调控作用，参与桑树的激素信号转导和对非生物胁迫的防御反应。利用无缝克隆技术构建MaUBC-C原核表达载体pET-30a-MaUBC-C并转化大肠杆菌BL21，0.5 mmol/L IPTG在37℃条件下进行诱导，获得约为25 kDa的融合蛋白，与预期大小相符，为今后进行MaUBC-C基因功能研究提供了基础材料。本研究为进一步探究桑树泛素蛋白酶体途径的作用机制奠定了基础。 相似文献
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Joseph E. Laferriere Charles W. Weber Edwin A. Kohlhepp 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(3):277-282
Teas of plant origin traditionally consumed by the Mountain Pima of Chihuahua, Mexico, were analyzed for mineral nutritional content. Fe, Cu, Zn, Ca, and Mg composition was determined for native teas made from shoots ofTagetes lucida, T. filifolia, Elytraria imbricata, andHolodiscus dumosus, and from root xylem ofCeanothus depressus andPhaseolus ritensis. Native uses of these teas are also described. 相似文献
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Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
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《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
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Tatiana G. Polotow Sandra C. Poppe Cristina V. Vardaris Douglas Ganini Maísa Guariroba Rita Mattei Elaine Hatanaka Maria F. Martins Eduardo F. Bondan Marcelo P. Barros 《Marine drugs》2015,13(10):6117-6137
Health authorities worldwide have consistently recommended the regular consumption of marine fishes and seafood to preserve memory, sustain cognitive functions, and prevent neurodegenerative processes in humans. Shrimp, crabs, lobster, and salmon are of particular interest in the human diet due to their substantial provision of omega-3 fatty acids (n-3/PUFAs) and the antioxidant carotenoid astaxanthin (ASTA). However, the optimal ratio between these nutraceuticals in natural sources is apparently the key factor for maximum protection against most neuro-motor disorders. Therefore, we aimed here to investigate the effects of a long-term supplementation with (n-3)/PUFAs-rich fish oil, ASTA-rich algal biomass, the combination of them, or krill oil (a natural combination of both nutrients) on baseline redox balance and neuro-inflammation indexes in cerebellum and motor cortex of Wistar rats. Significant changes in redox metabolism were only observed upon ASTA supplementation, which reinforce its antioxidant properties with a putative mitochondrial-centered action in rat brain. Krill oil imposed mild astrocyte activation in motor cortex of Wistar rats, although no redox or inflammatory index was concomitantly altered. In summary, there is no experimental evidence that krill oil, fish oil, oralgal biomass (minor variation), drastically change the baseline oxidative conditions or the neuro-inflammatory scenario in neuromotor-associated rat brain regions. 相似文献
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Youna Hemery Ulla Holopainen Anna-Maija Lampi Pekka Lehtinen Tanja Nurmi Vieno Piironen Minnamari Edelmann Xavier Rouau 《Journal of Cereal Science》2011
Wheat bran is a composite material made of several layers, such as pericarp, testa and aleurone. It could be fractionated into purified fractions, which might either be used as food ingredients, or serve as a starting material for extraction of bioactive compounds. The aim of this work was to evaluate the potential of using electrostatic separation as a way to obtain purified fractions from wheat bran. Ultrafine-ground bran obtained either by cryogenic grinding or by grinding at ambient temperature was used as starting material. The ultrafine bran was then charged by tribo-electrification and introduced in a chamber containing two high voltage electrodes, where bran particles were separated depending on their acquired charge, allowing positively and negatively charged fractions to be collected separately. The particle size distribution, microstructure and biochemical composition of the obtained fractions were studied. The charge of the particles was influenced by their biochemical composition: particles rich in highly branched and cross-linked arabinoxylans (pericarp) were separated from particles rich in β-glucan, ferulic acid and para-coumaric acid (aleurone cell walls). The testa and the intracellular compounds from aleurone were not highly charged, neither positively nor negatively. The most positively charged fraction represented 34% of the initial bran, and contained 62% of the ferulic acid present in the initial bran. The yield of the separation process was good (5.4% loss), and could be further increased. 相似文献
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M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
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Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
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Tovar LR Olivos M Gutierrez ME 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》2008,63(4):189-194
Pulque is made by fermenting the agave sap or aguamiel of Agave atrovirens with a whole array of microorganisms present in the environment including several lactic acid bacteria and yeasts such as
Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Ascorbic acid was determined in pulque and aguamiel, respectively. Phytase activity in lees, liquid and freeze-dried pulque was assayed by measuring the appearance of phosphate from phytate by a colorimetric method likewise phosphate from phytate
present in fresh corn tortilla was measured after in vitro incubation with pulque. Iron, zinc, calcium, magnesium and selenium contents were measured in pulque and corn tortilla as well as in nixtamalized corn flour (NCF), the latter is used to make instant tortilla, since corn provides
most of the energy as well as most of the phytate in the Mexican rural diet. Pulque showed phytase activity but much less ascorbic acid and iron than previously reported; additionally, phytase in pulque hydrolyzed most of phytate’s corn tortilla. Lees, which is mostly made of pulque’s microbiota, significantly accumulated iron and zinc but no selenium. NCF was fortified with iron by the manufacturers but
poorly blended. There were significant differences on selenium content between tortillas samples, apparently some soils in
central Mexico are selenium deficient. Moderate pulque intake appears to increase the bioavailability of iron and zinc bound by phytate in corn. 相似文献