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玉米密度、行距和穴距对间作大豆光合速率的效应分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
应用三因素五水平回归正交旋转组合设计的方法,研究了玉米密度、行距和穴距对间作大豆光合速率的影响,并建立相应回归方程.结果表明:方程拟合程度较好,玉米密度、行距和穴距对间作大豆光合速率有显著的影响.玉米密度对间作大豆光合速率的效应呈现倒抛物线曲线,玉米行距和穴距对间作大豆光合速率的效应呈现抛物线曲线.玉米行距和穴距对间作大豆光合速率具有交互效应.在玉米生产密度下,适当增加玉米生产的行距和穴距,可以提高间作大豆的光合速率. 相似文献
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研究机械化条件下玉米-大豆间作的生产效益,为优化玉米-大豆间作模式提供理论基础。设置玉米单作(MM)、大豆单作(SM)、玉米大豆行比2∶4间作(2/4I)和玉米大豆行比4∶4间作(4/4I)种植模式,分析不同种植模式的作物产量、经济效益和土壤温室气体排放特征。结果表明,2/4I和4/4I模式均具有间作优势,土地当量比分别为1.24和1.15;与单作相比,间作成本降低、产值增加、经济效益显著提高;间作还降低了农田土壤CO2和N2O排放通量。综合比较两种间作模式的产量和效益,2/4I模式优势优于4/4I。 相似文献
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覆盖作物在玉米/大豆间作模式中的效应分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在玉米/大豆2∶2型间作模式中以大豆作为覆盖作物,从生物覆盖的角度对玉米根际土壤、田间气候的温湿度变化、玉米农艺性状及产量进行分析,研究间作系统中覆盖作物对主作物所产生的效应。结果表明,在玉米行间种植覆盖作物,土壤含水量在玉米乳熟期比玉米单作平均提高15.1%,10～30 cm土壤温度平均提升1.4℃,田间气温提高1℃。与单作相比,玉米各农艺性状有所改善,产量明显增加,土壤水分利用率最高可达10.5%。覆盖作物对主作物所产生的效应是覆盖、互作、叠加、互补等多种效应的复合表现,对主作物根际土壤及田间气候的温度、湿度具有调节作用,可有效提高光能和土壤水分利用率。通过覆盖作物和主作物间作的有机结合,可达到旱作农业用地与养地有效统一。 相似文献
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为研究适合东北黑土区玉米大豆间作行比,促进玉米大豆间作模式推广应用,本研究以玉米大豆间作系统为主要研究对象,设置玉米单作(M)、大豆单作(S)、玉米大豆行比2∶4间作(M2S4)、玉米大豆行比4∶4间作(M4S4)和玉米大豆行比4∶6间作(M4S6)处理,分析不同间作行比对大豆株高及干物质积累、光合特性相关指标、产量及经济产值分析的影响。结果表明：间作显著增加了大豆株高,降低了干物质量,同时,随着玉米条带数的降低及大豆条带数的增加,光合参数Gs和Tr与单作处理之间呈显著性差异,而Ci则呈现相反的变化趋势。4∶4间作行比(M4S4)处理具有较好的间作优势,土地当量比为1.26,在考虑了政府补贴后,间作复合经济产值显著高于各单作处理,其中,M4S4处理最具有增收潜力。综上,M4S4模式为东北黑土区最佳玉米大豆间作配置方式。 相似文献
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宁夏引黄灌区玉米马铃薯不同间作方式研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以玉米和马铃薯不同间作处理为研究对象,对间作后的作物产量、经济效益、节水效果等综合性状对比分析。结果表明,在各立体复合种植处理中,以2行玉米间作3行马铃薯(用地比例为1∶1.5)处理经济效益最高,每667m2产值可达1703.0元,分别是单种玉米和单种马铃薯产值的130.75%、107.7%,每667m2获得了1517.1～1703元的经济效益和每立方米3.78～3.79元的单方水生产率,其节水效果、经济效益等综合表现均高于现有灌区主栽作物及其间作模式,在宁夏黄灌区是一项很值得进一步深入探讨的栽培措施。 相似文献
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《Field Crops Research》2001,71(3):173-181
While early-maturing crops benefit from intercropping, late-maturing crops usually suffer growth penalties during the intercropping phase. It is possible, however, that recovery or compensation of the late-maturing crops occurs after the harvest of the early-maturing crops. Three field experiments were conducted at Baiyun in 1997 and at Jingtan in 1997 and 1998 to test the hypothesis in wheat/maize and wheat/soybean intercropping. The biomass and nutrient accumulation in intercropped soybean were significantly smaller than in sole soybean before wheat harvest but thereafter increased sharply at Jingtan site in 1997. The rates of dry matter accumulation in the intercropped maize (10.0–20.1 g/m2 per day) were significantly lower than those in the sole maize (17.1–34.8 g/m2 per day) during the early stage from 7 May to 3 August, while mostly intercropped with wheat. After 3 August, however, the rates of intercropped maize, increasing to 58.9–69.9 g/m2 per day, was significantly greater than in sole maize (22.7–51.8 g/m2 per day) at Baiyun site in 1997 and nutrient acquisition showed the same trends as growth. At Jingtan site in 1998, the disadvantage of the border row of intercropped maize resulted from interspecific competition diminished after wheat harvest and disappeared at maize maturity. It was concluded that there was indeed recovery of growth after wheat harvesting in wheat/maize and wheat/soybean intercropping. However, the recovery was limited under N0P0 treatment. The interspecific competition, facilitation and recovery are together contributed to yield advantage of intercropping. 相似文献
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通过盆栽模拟试验研究比较以Glomus mosseae(GM)和Glomus etunicatum(GE)为接种剂,设置不同根系分隔方式(不分隔,隔尼龙网,隔塑料膜)对间作玉米植株生长及磷素吸收累积的影响。结果表明,两种菌根真菌GM和GE对玉米根系的侵染效果相近,GM为玉米优势丛枝菌根真菌(AMF),接种GM使玉米根长、地上部和根系生物量、地上部和根系磷含量、磷吸收量均显著提高;接种GE显著降低了玉米根冠比、株高和根系磷吸收效率。间作体系不同根系分隔方式对玉米的影响也不同,根系隔尼龙网处理显著降低了玉米根长和根系生物量,显著提高了根系的磷含量;根系隔塑料膜处理对玉米的地上部和根系磷含量、磷吸收量以及根系磷吸收效率均起显著降低作用。所有复合处理中,以GM不分隔处理组合对间作玉米的生长及磷素累积的促进作用最好。 相似文献
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以马铃薯-大豆套作模式为研究对象,通过2年的大田试验,分析不同熟期大豆品种与马铃薯组合后系统内作物干物质和养分积累的特性与种间竞争补偿的相互关系,阐明间套作系统种间竞争力弱化和恢复补偿能力提高的作用机理,为实现间套作可持续发展提供科学依据。结果表明:套作马铃薯干物质及养分积累无显著变化,而套作大豆变化显著。出苗60 d内套作大豆干物质积累量是同期单作的43.74%,出苗后80～100 d,晚熟品种干物质积累量相对于中熟和早熟提高的幅度分别为35.54%～59.22%和65.56%～70.81%,大豆收获时,晚熟品种干物质积累接近单作,两者间差异不显著。共生期,套作大豆N、P、K积累量较同期单作降低的幅度分别为31.43%～41.44%、21.17%～25.36%和23.23%～35.6%,晚熟品种与中熟、早熟品种间差异达到显著水平。共生期结束后,套作大豆养分吸收量较单作显著增加,收获时,晚熟品种N、P、K养分积累量接近单作,两者间差异不显著。综上,在该群体中,马铃薯是核心作物,共生期处于竞争优势(APS>0、CRPS>0),而大豆处于竞争弱势(APS<0、CRPS<0),选择晚熟大豆品种与马铃薯组合可弱化种间竞争力和营养竞争比率,还有利于马铃薯收获后恢复补偿能力的发挥。 相似文献
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Feng Yang Dunping Liao Yuanfang Fan Rencai Gao Xiaoling Wu Tanzeel Rahman 《Plant Production Science》2017,20(1):1-11
Narrow-row planting patterns directly affect crop yield and competition in intercropping systems. A two-year (2012 and 2013) field experiment was conducted to determine the interactive behavior between intercrops in a maize–soybean relay strip intercropping system. Maize plants were planted in different narrow-wide row planting patterns, whereas soybean was planted in wide rows. The total biomass and grain yield of maize increased with increasing maize narrow-row spacing, but the opposite trend was observed for soybean. The aggressivity, competitive ratio, and partial relative crowding advantage values for maize were greater than those for soybean. Moreover, the competitive interaction of the intercrops was affected by the distance between maize and soybean rows. The highest intercrop land equivalent ratio (LER) 1.61 and 1.59 was found in the 40:160 planting pattern (i.e. 40 cm narrow-row spacing and 160 cm wide-row spacing of maize) during 2012 and 2013, respectively. Combined with actual yield loss and LER, the intense intra-specific competition of maize plants reduced the depression for the associated soybeans when the maize narrow-row spacing was less than 30 cm. When the narrow-row spacing was wider than 50 cm, soybean growth was seriously depressed by maize because of the stronger inter-specific competition between maize and soybean. The maximum yield and economic advantage appeared in the 40:160 narrow-wide row planting pattern. Therefore, intercropping advantage may be achieved by changing the row spacing and distance between intercrop rows to coordinate the inter-specific competition between maize and soybean. 相似文献
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《Plant Production Science》2013,16(2):108-111
AbstractA field experiment was conducted to compare the below-ground competition between the intercropped maize (Zea mays L.) and two groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.) cultivars regarding the rooting soil layer. Three rows of each cultivar of groundnut (cvs. X-14 and Red Spanish) were planted in between two rows of maize (cv. Badra) with inter-row spacing of 30 cm and intra-row spacing of 15 cm. Aluminium sheets, 10 cm in height, were placed as a root barrier between the maize and groundnut rows at three depths, i.e., 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-30 cm from the soil surface. In the control plot, the soil was trenched and refilled without the aluminium partitions. The ear and total biomass yield of the maize intercropped with X-14 with the root barrier at 0-10 cm depth, were significantly larger than those with the root barriers at the depths of 10-20 cm, 20-30 cm and the control. The yield (crop or total biomass) of the maize intercropped with Red Spanish was not significantly affected by the root barrier. In conclusion, groundnut cultivar X-14 was more suitable for intercropping with maize than Red Spanish, probably due to the differences in the rooting properties in the top soil layer. 相似文献
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玉米大豆套作窄行距对作物竞争效应及物质分配的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确行距配置对作物竞争效应和物质分配的影响，本研究以玉米-大豆带状套作系统为对象，设置不同窄行距配置以及隔根处理，结果表明：各处理间，玉米植株的竞争强度随窄行距增加而逐渐减小至趋于平稳，大豆竞争强度增幅为33.14%~36.31%；玉米的全竞争强度（EFC）、地上竞争强度（ESC）与窄行距呈反比，大豆全竞争强度（EFC）和地上竞争强度（ESC）一致表现为：40cm<80cm<100cm；玉米营养器官干物质的转移率和对籽粒的贡献率
表现为窄行距从20 cm增加至100 cm，转移率增幅为11.0%~20.5%，贡献率为13.5%~27.0%；大豆营养器官干物质转移率降低17.5% ~ 28.5%，贡献率降低52.0%~71.0%。各窄行距于40cm处系统竞争达到平衡，可协调带状套作下玉米和大豆竞争互补以及物质分配。 相似文献
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不同行距对春玉米产量和光合速率的影响 总被引：10，自引：3，他引：7
试验选用先玉335和军单8两个品种,设70、65、60、50 cm 4个行距水平,研究不同行距种植对玉米产量及光合作用影响的机制.结果表明:各处理间产量存在差异,70 cm和50 cm处理高于65 cm和60 cm处理,形成产量差异的主要因素是秃尖长度;70 cm和50cm处理在生育后期较其他处理提高了穗位叶叶片的光合速率(Pn),并且保持了较高的叶绿素含量,延迟了叶绿素的分解.说明不同行距处理可影响生育后期叶片活性,表现为光合速率的差别,最终影响秃尖长度,形成产量差异. 相似文献
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甘蔗是我国重要的糖料作物,对我国食糖安全起重要作用。但由于人工成本、地租等生产成本不断升高,导致甘蔗效益逐年减少。因此,如何提高单位面积甘蔗效益是当前甘蔗产业面临的重大问题。采用文献数据、面上调查、数据收集、实地调查和试验结果相结合的调查方法,进行比较分析我国甘蔗间套种玉米历史和现阶段主要模式进行差异分析。宿根蔗间套种玉米主要有每行间种和隔行间种二行两种模式,且宿根蔗间套种模式当前只能靠人工操作,规模化发展难度大;新植蔗间套种玉米的主要方式有等行距每行种植、等行距隔行种植、宽窄行间套种(宽行2.4~3.2米)等模式,但是等行距间套种无法机械化种植难以推广,而宽窄行间套种模式适合机械种植但严重影响单位面积甘蔗苗数;甘蔗轮作玉米能实现机械化种植和管理,但是只能在甘蔗良种繁育基地推广应用。因此,选择适合的间套种品种和合理种植模式还值得进一步研究。 相似文献