共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 297 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
镉是对人体健康具有高度毒害作用的重金属元素之一。人体摄入镉的主要来源是食用镉超标的稻米，因此研究水稻对镉吸收、转运、积累的遗传机制尤为重要。目前，虽然水稻镉积累的遗传通路尚未完全明晰，但已明确了一些重要基因在稻米镉积累过程中的调控作用。本文就镉胁迫对水稻的危害、水稻品种间镉积累量的变异、水稻镉积累相关QTL、水稻镉吸收转运相关基因的研究进展及其育种利用加以综述，探讨了未来研究的方向。 相似文献
4.
5.
6.
7.
《杂交水稻》2021,(4)
通过2 a田间试验,探讨了在湖北江汉平原潜在缺锌稻田中基肥施用螯合态锌肥(氨基酸螯合锌、EDTA螯合锌、黄腐酸螯合锌)和普通硫酸锌对水稻产量、稻米锌含量和品质的影响。结果表明,施用氨基酸螯合锌肥5.0 kg/hm~2处理可促使水稻分蘖,提高水稻叶片SPAD值,促进光合作用,进而提升产量,比不施锌肥的对照增产7.5%,比普通硫酸锌5.0kg/hm~2处理增产5.4%,增产主要是由于有效穗、千粒重和结实率增加;同时,施用氨基酸螯合锌5.0 kg/hm~2处理在促进水稻锌吸收、改善稻米品质方面具有积极作用,与普通硫酸锌5.0 kg/hm~2处理相比,其精米锌含量增加了21.8%,整精米率增加5.5个百分点,蛋白质含量增加1.8个百分点。因此,在湖北江汉平原潜在缺锌稻田中推荐施用氨基酸螯合锌肥,最佳用量为5.0 kg/hm~2。 相似文献
8.
氨基丁酸（GABA）是一种动植物中普遍存在的四碳非蛋白质氨基酸。在哺乳动物中GABA是一种重要的抑制性神经递质，介导40%以上的抑制性神经传导，而在植物中GABA主要参与胁迫响应、调节碳氧平衡和传递信号等多种重要生命活动。富含GABA的稻米对人体具有调节血压、提高肝肾能力和改善睡眠质量等作用。本文综述了水稻品种间GABA含量差异、GABA代谢通路、GABA的保健功能、富集GABA的方法和国内外高GABA稻米的开发应用现状，并展望了高GABA水稻应用前景，以期为高GABA水稻育种及产品开发提供参考。 相似文献
9.
长江下游地区部分优质粳稻品种与越光稻米支链淀粉结构特征及品质性状比较 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
为探讨具有优异食味品质的日本粳稻品种越光与中国长江下游地区食味品质好的水稻品种稻米的支链淀粉链长分布和主要品质特征差异,以期为中国优质水稻育种提供理论依据,选用长江下游地区公认的食味品质好的5个粳型水稻品种稻米和日本新泻地区生产的越光稻米为材料,分析支链淀粉链长分布、稻米RVA谱、直链淀粉含量、蛋白质含量、TOYO味度值等主要品质特性的差异及其相关性。越光的稻米支链淀粉链长分布和直链淀粉含量等主要品质指标与长江下游地区食味品质好的品种没有明显差异,支链淀粉长链部分(Fb3)和蛋白质含量显著低于长江下游地区食味品质好的品种,支链淀粉短/长链比(Fa/Fb3)显著高于长江下游地区食味品质好的品种。越光稻米中Mg、K含量以及淀粉谱特性中最高黏度、崩解值均显著高于长江下游地区食味品质好的品种。支链淀粉的短链部分(5≤DP≤12)所占比率与最高黏度值和崩解值呈显著正相关,Fa/Fb3与最高黏度和崩解值均呈显著正相关。由此认为,通过育种手段改善稻米的支链淀粉理化特性,并在栽培措施上通过降低氮肥施用量来降低稻米中蛋白质含量,是提高长江下游地区水稻品种食味品质的有效途径。 相似文献
10.
氮磷钾肥对稻米铁、锌、铜、锰、镁、钙含量和产量的影响 总被引：21，自引：2，他引：21
采用田间试验，在四川省西昌市用两个水稻品种研究了氮、磷、钾肥施用量对稻米中铁、锌、铜、锰、镁、钙含量和产量的影响。结果表明，稻米中铁、锌、铜、锰、镁、钙含量均随着施氮量增加先上升后下降，滇屯502的铁、锌、铜、锰、镁、钙含量和产量都以施用90 kg/hm2 N最高，稻谷产量以施用180 kg/hm2 N最高；而合系39的铁、锌、铜、锰、镁、钙的含量以施用180 kg/hm2 N最高，稻谷产量以施用270 kg/hm2 N最高，说明供试籼型品种滇屯502对氮肥的敏感性较粳型品种合系39强；磷肥明显降低了稻米中铁、铜、锰、钙的含量和产量，适量增施磷肥有利于增加稻米中镁的含量和产量；适量施用钾肥有利于提高稻米中铁、锌、铜、锰含量和产量，两供试品种铁、锌、铜、锰含量均以90 kg/hm2 K2O时最高，而钾肥明显降低了稻米中镁、钙的含量和产量。 相似文献
11.
以419份广西水稻地方品种核心种质的糙米为材料,分别于2014和2015年测定了Ca、Fe、Zn和Se 4种矿质元素含量,同时利用34个SSR标记对两年矿质元素含量进行Pearson相关分析。结果表明：4种矿质元素在两年间的鉴定结果存在极显著差异,呈显著正相关。籼稻的Ca、Se平均含量高于粳稻,Ca（2014）、Se（2014）在籼粳稻间呈显著性差异;粳稻的Fe、Zn平均含量高于籼稻,Fe（2015）、Zn（2014,2015）在籼粳间呈显著性差异。矿质元素含量与稻作区经纬度、海拔等因素相关,Fe平均含量在桂南稻作区最高,Zn平均含量在桂中稻作区最高;Ca、Fe、Zn平均含量在黑米中含量最高,Se在红米中含量最高;Ca和Zn平均含量在黑米与红米、黑米与白米之间存在显著差异,Fe无显著差异。4种矿质元素含量在2年间的相关系数范围为0.159~0.557,均呈极显著正相关。2014年4种元素含量间无显著性相关;2015年Se和Fe、Zn之间呈显著正相关（P<0.05）,Zn和Fe之间显著正相关（P<0.01）,Zn和Ca之间极显著正相关（P<0.001）。SSR标记共检测到167个等位基因,平均4.91个,遗传多样性指数为0.574,遗传信息量为0.522。经Pearson相关分析,4种矿质元素共关联到18个相关位点,其中8个位点与前人的研究结果不相同。 相似文献
12.
With changes in food preferences and life styles,more and more attentions have been focused on healthier food.Nowadays,resistant starch(RS)which can resist digestion in the human intestine has been recognized and accepted.High RS diet shows great benefit for the human health,and breeding high RS rice variety is a great target for realizing dietary intervention.To provide guidance for RS improvement in rice,this review summarized the unique physiochemical properties of RS and the possible approaches,i.e.genetic regulation,for enhancing RS content in rice,and proposed the potential ways to obtain rice variety with high RS content. 相似文献
13.
籼稻稻米营养品质性状的种子、细胞质和母体遗传相关分析（英文） 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
利用9个籼型不育系和5个籼型恢复系进行不完全双列杂交，同时分析了早籼稻米蛋白质含量、蛋白质指数、赖氨酸含量、赖氨酸指数以及赖氨酸含量与蛋白质含量的比值等营养品质成对性状间种子、细胞质和母体等多种遗传相关。结果证实蛋白质含量与蛋白质指数等多数成对性状间的种子加性和显性相关、细胞质相关以及母体加性和显性相关系数均为显著正值，对这些性状进行间接改良有效。但赖氨酸含量与蛋白质含量的比值同蛋白质性状的关系则以显著负相关为主，表明选择高蛋白质含量或蛋白质指数的单株将会显著降低该比值。正向的种子和母体显性相关以及细胞质相关可以同时显著提高杂交稻组合中赖氨酸含量和赖氨酸指数以及赖氨酸含量与蛋白质含量比值。对于主要受加性相关控制的成对性状进行间接选择具有较好的效果，而杂交稻育种中则以利用显性相关为主。 相似文献
14.
Analysis on Mineral Element Contents in Associated with Varietal Type in Core Collection of Yunnan Rice 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
ZENGYa-wen LIUJia-fu WANGLu-xiang SHENShi-quan LIZi-chao WANGXiangkun WENGuo-song YANGZhong-yi 《水稻科学》2004,11(3):106-112
Eight-element contents of 653 unpolished rice samples harvested from Xingping experiment farm, Yunnan Province under thc same ecological conditions were analyzed by ICP-AES method. The mineral elements content were closely related to low diversity, high-yielding, and multi-resistance breeding; The K, Mg, Ca and Mn content in high-yielding and resistant varieties were high, and other nutrients such as P, Fe, Zn and Cu were low, which was connected with the heredity and physiological mechanism of mineral nutrients. There is zonal distribution of mineral elements content from Yunnan rice, especially for P, Fe, Zn and Cu co-related with the diversity center, paddy versus upland, glutinous and non-glutinous, glumc-hair versus nuda, rice color, rice flavor, soft rice versus non-soft rice, but it did not find any association with indica-japonica types. The results supported the ecological variety group view of 5-grade taxonomic system “species-subspecies-ccological groups-ecological variety groups - varietal types“ . 相似文献
15.
16.
Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient for plant growth and development, and anthocyanin is a secondary metabolite compound generally produced under stress conditions; both have benefits to human health. Rice is a staple food crop for most of the world’s population, and purple rice is well known as a natural source of Zn and anthocyanins, but their stability depends upon many factors. This review focuses on the opportunity to increase Zn and anthocyanin compounds in purple rice grains via Zn and nitrogen (N) management during cultivation. Variation in grain Zn concentration and anthocyanin compounds is found among purple rice varieties, thus presenting a challenge for breeding programs aiming at high grain Zn and anthocyanin contents. Genetic engineering has successfully achieved a high-efficiency vector system comprising two regulatory genes and six structural anthocyanin-related genes driven by endosperm-specific promoters to engineer purple endosperm rice that can provide new high-anthocyanin varieties. Grain Zn and anthocyanin concentrations in rice can also be affected by environmental factors during cultivation, e.g., light, temperature, soil salinity and nutrient (fertilizer) management. Applying N and Zn fertilizer is found to influence the physiological mechanisms of Zn absorption, uptake, transport and remobilization to promote grain Zn accumulation in rice, while N application can improve anthocyanin synthesis by promoting its biosynthesis pathway via the use of phenylalanine as a precursor. In summary, there is an opportunity to improve both grain Zn and anthocyanin in purple rice by appropriate management of Zn and N fertilizers during cultivation for specific varieties. 相似文献
17.
Micronutrient deficiencies, especially those arising from zinc (Zn) and iron (Fe), pose serious human health problems for more than 2 billion people worldwide. Wheat is a major source of dietary energy and protein for the world's growing population, and its potential to assist in reducing micronutrient-related malnutrition can be enhanced via integration of agronomic fertilization practices and delivery of genetically-manipulated, micronutrient rich wheat varieties. Targeted breeding for these biofortified varieties was initiated by exploiting available genetic diversity for Zn and Fe from wild relatives of cultivated wheat and synthetic hexaploid progenitors. The proof-of-concept results from the performance of competitive biofortified wheat lines showed good adaptation in target environments without compromising essential core agronomic traits. Agronomic biofortification through fertilizer approaches could complement the existing breeding approach; for instance, foliar application of Zn fertilizer can increase grain Zn above the breeding target set by nutritionists. This review synthesizes the progress made in genetic and agronomic biofortification strategies for Zn and Fe enrichment of wheat. 相似文献
18.
籼粳交杂种不同灌浆期稻米缬氨酸含量的发育遗传 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用可以估算不同发育时期基因累加效应和特定发育时期净遗传效应的遗传模型和统计分析方法,研究了不同环境条件下籼粳交稻米灌浆过程中缬氨酸含量的发育遗传规律。结果表明,控制籼粳交稻米缬氨酸含量表现的基因在稻米多数发育时期均有表达,其中以颖花开花受精后第8~14天表达量最大。遗传率分析揭示缬氨酸含量在稻米5个不同发育时期的母体和细胞质普通遗传率及其相应的环境互作遗传率均较高,育种低世代进行单株选择可以提高稻米缬氨酸含量的育种效率。亲本遗传效应分析表明,浙38A、浙农8010A、金23A和中9308等4个亲本有利于增加籼粳交稻米的缬氨酸含量,其中浙38A受环境影响最小,可应用于配制高缬氨酸含量的杂交稻新组合。 相似文献
19.
A Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic Sequence Marker to Detect Variation in Wx Locus Conditioning Translucent Endosperm in Rice 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
CHEN Tao ZHANG Ya-dong ZHAO Ling ZHU Zhen LIN Jing ZHANG Suo-bing WANG Cai-lin 《水稻科学》2009,16(2):106-110
The translucent endosperm trait in a japonica rice variety‘Kantou 194’is controlled by a Wx-mq gene which is allelic to Wx locus by genetic analysis and allelic test.The amylose content analysis showed that an intermediate amylose content between those of glutinous and non-glutinous rice existed in endosperm of homozygous Wx-mq genotype.The slight changes of amylose content in different varieties and F1 grains with an identical Wx-mq genotype might be influenced by dissimilar genetic background.To identify ... 相似文献
20.
我国三系杂交稻主要不育系的微卫星标记多样性和遗传结构分析 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
选取均匀分布在水稻12条染色体上的48对SSR引物,对28份我国杂交水稻主要不育系进行了多样性和遗传结构分析。 在所分析的48个位点中,多态性位点41个,多态性位点百分率（P）为85.4%;每1个位点平均等位基因数（A）为3.5,变幅2～6个;平均基因多样性指数（He）和平均多态性信息含量指数（PIC）分别为0.40和0.36。AMOVA分析表明,不育系遗传变异主要存在于各选育时期内,时期间的遗传变异仅占总变异的3.3%,且未达到显著水平。基于模型的遗传结构分析表明,我国三系杂交稻主要不育系多数含有相近血缘,背景单一。 相似文献