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1.
根据广西沿海地区豇豆生长发育气候环境条件和病虫发生为害特点,提出通过创造有利于豇豆正常生长发育而不利于病虫发生为害的栽培环境条件,有效地改善豇豆生育状况,使植株健壮生长,增强自身抗逆性,减少、控制病虫滋生、蔓延和为害,控制豇豆产品农药残留不超标,实现豇豆健身栽培。 相似文献
2.
从坚持统筹协调以强化现代农业规划引领、坚持开放兼容以推进一二三产业融合、坚持绿色安全以加快农业供给侧改革、坚持改革创新以保障农业可持续发展、坚持合作共享以提升农业产业化经营水平5个方面阐述加快推进江门市的农业现代化建设，旨在将江门市建设成产出高效、产品安全、资源节约、环境友好的现代农业强市。 相似文献
3.
《Field Crops Research》1998,57(3):243-251
Optimisation of harvest date in sugarcane production has been shown to increase productivity and profitability. This paper assesses the sensitivity of these responses to crop class and age distribution at harvest, using the Mossman mill region as a case study. Analyses were conducted to assess the consequences of different number of ratoons before ploughing out various fixed crop ages at harvest; and the advantages of fallowing before planting compared to ploughout and immediate replant. Productivity and profitability were found to be sensitive to modifications in model input parameters and constraints. The optimal number of ratoons to maximise both sugar yield and net revenue was found to be three. While the optimal cane supply was not very sensitive to constraints on crop age when it was restricted to 12 months plus or minus 2, there was a significant reduction in net revenue (4 to 5%) when restricted to younger and older crops (9 to 13 and 11 to 15 months). Comparisons of fallow verses ploughout replant showed a gain of 16% in net revenue when all crops were immediately planted after ploughout. This suggests that current fallowing practices are not financially beneficial in the case study region of coastal Mossman. The analysis methodology can be applied in other regions to identify better ways of scheduling cane supply. 相似文献
4.
Myrna S. Rodriguez Evelyn Mae T. Mendoza 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1991,41(1):1-9
Seeds of three rice bean accessions had 17.26 to 21.42% protein, 3.46 to 4.03% fat, 61.09 to 64.73% carbohydrates 3.99 to 4.58% ash and 5.22 to 7.43% fiber (dry weight basis).The most limiting amino acids in the seed meal, albumin and globulin fractions, were methionine and cysteine with chemical scores of these fractions being 38% to 59%. The amino acid pattern of globulin and seed meal were similar.Thein vitro protein digestibility (IVPD) ranged from 82 to 86% for the seed meal, 86 to 88.5% for the albumin and 75.9 to 83.3% for the globulin. Relative nutritive values (RNV) of raw mature seed of two accessions were 22.6% and 42.4% and increased to 55.6% to 79.4% after boiling and roasting.Part of MS thesis of the senior author. 相似文献
5.
D. B. Wankhede A. Shehnaj M. R. Raghavendra Rao 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1979,28(4):293-303
Carbohydrate make-up of different varieties (ie, Hamsa, Purna and Indof) of Finger millet(Eleusine coracana) and Foxtail millet(Setaria italica) has been studied. All the millets contain about 63 to 70% total carbohydrates of which, based on the whole grains, free sugars account for 0.46 to 0.69%, starch 56.0 to 61.0% cellulose 0.70 to 1.80%, pentosans 5.50 to 7.20%. 70% ethanol-extractable sugars were xylose (1.5 to 4.3%), fructose (8.6 to 15%), glucose (9.9 to 15%), sucrose (31 to 35%), maltose (9 to 11.0%), raffinose (8.6 to 12%), maltotriose (5 to 6.1%), unidentified components (3 to 10%) and higher oligosaccharides (5to 9%). The watersoluble gums of the millets contain arabinose and xylose as the major sugar components together with minor amounts of mannose and galactose, and varying amounts of glucose. Hemicellulose A was found to consist mainly of glucans containing arabinose and xylose in minor amounts. Hemicellulose B contained arabinose and xylose with smaller amounts of glucose and galactose. 相似文献
6.
大豆"短青春期"品种的光(温)反应研究Ⅲ.对长日照的反应 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在分析“短青春期”品种对播季和短日照反应的基础上，本研究通过比较不同品种出苗至开花天数与开花成熟天数对长日处理的反应，以进一步明确夏大豆型“短青春期”品种的光（温）敏感性特征。研究结果表明：春播条件下，开花前16小时长光照使“短青春期”品种中豆24种丰的出苗至开花天数分别延长19天和30天，是供试品种类型中对长日照最敏感的类型；开花前长日照处理，开花至成熟天数两个“短青春期”品种间表现差异较大，中豆24有所延长，而巨丰则有所缩短，开花前短日 开花后长日处理，中豆24和巨丰的开花至成熟天数均较春大豆明显延长，但小于秋大豆，通过30天和60天的长日照处理可以发现，长日处理结束后，中豆24和巨丰植株需分别接受7-9天和15-18天的短光照，才能开花和进入结实期，中豆24出苗至开花天数在长日下的温度敏感度高于春大豆品种，而巨丰出苗至开花天数的温度敏感度极小。 相似文献
7.
8.
福建主要菜区甜菜夜蛾的抗药性监测 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
采用FAO推荐的微量点滴法,测定了福建福州建新、闽候上街、南平建欧、厦门同安、莆田黄石和漳州龙海6个甜菜夜蛾田间种群4龄幼虫对6种代表性药剂的抗性,比较了3种新型药剂（甲胺基阿维菌素、虫螨腈和氟啶脲）对6个田间种群的毒力。结果表明：福州建新、闽候上街、南平建欧、厦门同安、莆田黄石和漳州龙海6个甜菜夜蛾田间种群4龄幼虫对氰戊菊酯的抗性分别为敏感种群的438．5,389．7,312．4,423．7,286．5和317．7倍;对顺式氯氰菊酯的抗性分别为敏感种群的1015．4,951．5,702．2,850．4,768．6和687．6倍;对辛硫磷的抗性分别为敏感种群的53．3,49．1,67．4,74．2,58．1和77．8倍;对灭多威的抗性分别为敏感种群的203．8,212,7,135．5,162．4,208,4和362,4倍;对虫酰肼的抗性分别为敏感种群的48．7,29．4,40．1,42．5,27．5和35．8倍;对硫丹的抗性分别为敏感种群的23．5,19．4,29．7,12．8,14．5和13,2倍;抗性谱广,抗性程度严重。甲胺基阿维菌素、虫螨腈和氟啶脲对上述6个种群幼虫具有较强的毒杀效果,并且3种新型药剂的敏感性差异不大。 相似文献
9.
N. Onofiok D. O. Nnanyelugo B. E. Ukwondi 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1996,49(3):199-211
This study investigated the usage, consumption pattern and chemical composition of fermented foods consumed in 191 rural households (1 030 individuals) in Emene. The result showed that fermented foods were widely used and consumed by most age groups (under 2 years to adults) because of poor socioeconomic status. Fermentation period varied with type of food and was mostly carried out as a means of detoxifying certain foods. Generally, fermented foods contributed substantially to the daily caloric (46.3 to 79.9% for males and 57.5 to 78% for females); calcium (33.8 to 63.5% for males and 48.3 to 55.4% for females); iron (34.4 to 58.6% for males and 47.4 to 74.6% for females); and thiamin (23 to 58.5% for males and 37.5 to 60% for females) intakes. The contributions of fermented foods to protein (10 to 40.7%) and ascorbic acid (1.9 to 18.7%) intakes were however, low. When compared with the FAO recommendations, the daily intakes of protein, calcium, riboflavin, niacin and ascorbic acid by the subjects were low due to large consumption of starchy root crops. Poor financial status was the most limiting factor to adequate nutrient intake. Such results point out the need for nutrition education related to improved methods of preparation and food selection. 相似文献
10.
大豆“短青春期”品种的光（温）反应研究：Ⅱ．对短日照的反应 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
在分析“短青春期”品种对播季反应的基础上，通过比较不同品种出苗至开花数与开花至成熟天数对短日处理的反应，以进一步明确夏大豆型“短青春期”品种的光（温）敏感性特征。研究结果表明：春播条件下，开花前短光照处理，“短青春期”品种中豆24和巨丰出苗至开花天数仅缩短2－14d，敏感度较小，与春大豆型品种相似，而与典型夏大豆品种，秋大豆品种和“长青春期”品种明显不同，中豆24和巨丰的出苗至开花天数对短光照不敏感。同为“短青春期”品种的中豆24和巨丰，其开花至成熟天数对短日处理的反应有明显差异，并者与春大豆相似，而后者的开花至成熟天数的短日照敏感不仅大于复大豆，而且也大于秋大豆。生育前期对短日照不敏感的品种，其短日处理效应在生育后期表现更加明显。本文还讨论了不同品种短日处理后效应的传递特征。 相似文献
11.
从国际市场演变探讨华茶的发展战略 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
50年代以来世界茶业稳步发展,茶园面积和产量分别以2.39％和3.6%的速度递增、特别是1970—1987年产量增长更快;世界茶叶消费量虽也成倍增长、但生产国的消费增长速度超过纯消费国,致使茶叶出口商品率下降,茶价滑坡,成本上升,市场竞争激热。根据世界茶叶市场的变化和发展趋势,认为中国茶业的发展在战略上应致力于主攻质量,提高效益;巩固传统市场,主攻东欧市场,积极开拓新小市场;提高传统茶类品质,保持名牌产品信誉,发展深加工,开发新产品;讲究市场策略,试行公开拍卖交易;依靠科技进步,提高市场竞争能力。 相似文献
12.
Phalaris paradoxa is a competitive grass commonly found in durum wheat crops of central and southern Italy. Among the 85 populations screened from 1998 to 2008 for resistance to ACCase-inhibitors and graminicide sulfonylureas, 17 resulted as being resistant to at least one ACCase inhibitor while none of the populations showed resistance to sulfonylureas. ACCase resistance in hood canary-grass seems to be spreading rather slowly in Italy. Out of the 17 populations, seven were characterised through outdoor dose-response pot experiments to investigate resistance levels and cross-resistance patterns to ACCase-inhibitors and multiple resistance to other mode of action. Molecular bases of resistance to the recently introduced DEN herbicide pinoxaden were also investigated. Six populations were confirmed to be ACCase-resistant with various cross-resistance patterns. Two populations were resistant to all tested ACCase herbicides, with pinoxaden resistance indexes (RI) based on survival ranging from 22 to 50. The two populations have been molecularly characterised for resistance to pinoxaden. A single point-mutation in the ACCase gene was identified in each population, causing the amino-acid substitutions of Ile1781Val and Asp2078Gly in 0478L and 0025, respectively. The results suggest that resistance of P. paradoxa to pinoxaden is due to an altered target site and different mutations cause different resistance levels. The biological characteristics of the species, mainly self-pollinated, and the absence of multiple resistance allow herbicides with different modes of action to be used for controlling ACCase-resistant populations. Chemical tools should be carefully used within integrated weed management strategies. 相似文献
13.
以覆盖黑龙江省三个积温带的123个水稻品种(品系)为试材,将6月30日-7月29日每10天为1段分3个时段对水稻进行低温处理,以研究冷害发生规律。结果发现,水稻在6月30日-7月19日受低温易发生延迟型冷害,7月10日-7月19日受低温易发生障碍型冷害,证实了低温对水稻冷害的时段效应;第一积温带水稻在7月10日-7月19日受低温易发生延迟型冷害,第一积温带水稻在6月30日-7月9日受低温易发生障碍型冷害,第二、三积温带水稻在6月30日-7月19日受低温易发生延迟型冷害,第二、三积温带水稻在7月10日-7月19日受低温易发生障碍型冷害,体现了水稻应对低温的生态区效应。这对黑龙江省抗寒水稻品种的选育以及抗寒措施的提出具有指导意义。 相似文献
14.
Susceptibility to insecticides was investigated by collecting field populations of brown planthopper from different locations of southern Karnataka,India(Gangavati,Kathalagere,Kollegala,Soraba and Mandya).All the field populations differed in their susceptibility to insecticides.In general,Soraba and Mandya populations were more susceptible to insecticides compared to Gangavati and Kathalagere populations.The resistance ratios varied greatly among the populations viz.,chlorpyriphos(1.13-to 16.82-fold),imidacloprid(0.53-to 13.50-fold),acephate(1.34-to 5.32-fold),fipronil(1.13-to4.06-fold),thiamethoxam(1.01-to 2.19-fold),clothianidin(1.92-to 4.86-fold),dinotefuran(0.82-to 2.22-fold),buprofezin(1.06-to 5.43-fold)and carbofuran(0.41-to 2.17-fold).The populations from Gangavati,Kathalagere and Kollegala exhibited higher resistance to some of the old insecticides and low resistance to new molecules. 相似文献
15.
防治甘蔗黑穗病最有效的途径是种植抗病品种,而评价甘蔗抗黑穗病是抗病品种选育过程中重要程序。本研究对广西农科院甘蔗研究所选育的8个桂糖甘蔗新品系进行人工浸渍接种甘蔗鞭黑粉菌混合冬孢子悬浮液,同时调查大田自然发病情况,收集一新一宿黑穗病发病情况。 ROC22号为对照品种,综合评价桂糖甘蔗新品系对黑穗病的抗性。结果表明：抗性类型为抗病的品系有2个,分别为桂糖12-765和桂糖12-2262。抗性类型为中抗的品系有2个,分别为桂糖12-2476和桂糖12-2004。抗性类型为中感的品系有1个,为桂糖12-162。抗性类型为感病的品系有3个,分别为桂糖12-762、桂糖12-2425和桂糖12-917。对照品种ROC22的综合抗性类型为感病。对比人工接种和自然发病结果,人工接种黑穗病更准确评价甘蔗品种抗黑穗病的水平,为选育高产高糖高抗黑穗病甘蔗品种提供依据。 相似文献
16.
Adelaide Almeida ?ngela Cunha Newton C.M. Gomes Eliana Alves Liliana Costa Maria A.F. Faustino 《Marine drugs》2009,7(3):268-313
Owing to the increasing importance of aquaculture to compensate for the progressive worldwide reduction of natural fish and to the fact that several fish farming plants often suffer from heavy financial losses due to the development of infections caused by microbial pathogens, including multidrug resistant bacteria, more environmentally-friendly strategies to control fish infections are urgently needed to make the aquaculture industry more sustainable. The aim of this review is to briefly present the typical fish farming diseases and their threats and discuss the present state of chemotherapy to inactivate microorganisms in fish farming plants as well as to examine the new environmentally friendly approaches to control fish infection namely phage therapy and photodynamic antimicrobial therapy. 相似文献
17.
长江流域稻区二化螟抗药性监测 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：5
2008-2009年期间,采用毛细管点滴法测定了浙、苏、皖、湘、鄂、川、豫等7省17个种群二化螟4龄幼虫对常用杀虫剂的抗性,结果表明:长江流域稻区二化螟对杀虫剂的抗性分布存在明显的区域性。高抗区浙江南部的苍南、瑞安、江山二化螟种群对20世纪70-90年代广泛使用的沙蚕毒素类的杀虫单(抗性倍数43.2～177.0倍)和有机磷类的三唑磷(238.7～728.1倍)、毒死蜱(31.7～57.8倍)均产生了高-极高水平抗性,且对近年来开始广泛使用的氟虫腈(11.2～24.7倍)和阿维菌素(5.9～7.1倍)也产生了中等或低水平抗性;中抗区的安徽庐江、湖南攸县、江苏高淳种群对三唑磷产生极高水平抗性(203.2～379.0倍),对杀虫单(18.3～48.8倍)和毒死蜱(29.8倍)产生了中等-高水平抗性,对氟虫腈(4.4倍)和阿维菌素(4.1～4.7倍)为敏感性降低;低抗区除江苏仪征种群对毒死蜱(45.2倍)、安徽和县种群对三唑磷(50.0倍)开始产生高水平抗性外,对其他杀虫剂为敏感-中等水平抗性,对氟虫腈和阿维菌素为敏感;敏感区的河南信阳、江苏连云港、四川武胜种群除对个别杀虫剂(如杀虫单)为低水平抗性外,对其他大多数杀虫剂为敏感-敏感性降低。还讨论了按抗性分布的区域性来制定相应的抗性治理方案。 相似文献
18.
耕层调控和有机物料还田对小麦产量及氮磷钾分配利用的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了探究耕层调控和有机物料还田对小麦产量及养分分配和利用的影响,在长期定位试验的基础上,以半冬性小麦品种矮抗58为材料,分析了在深耕、有机肥和秸秆还田条件下,小麦产量性状及氮磷钾在地上部分各器官中的分配特点.结果表明,小麦地上部器官氮含量表现为:籽粒＞叶片＞茎鞘＞颍壳+穗轴,秸秆还田有利于增加植株氮素积累;地上部器官磷含量表现为:籽粒＞叶片＞颖壳+穗轴＞茎鞘,有机肥还田促进了磷素向地上部分配,秸秆还田影响不如有机肥明显;地上部器官钾含量表现为:茎鞘＞叶片＞颖壳+穗轴＞籽粒,有机肥还田可显著促进植株对钾素的吸收.深耕处理提高了小麦产量,其中深耕+有机肥+秸秆还田处理增产效果最好,养分利用率最高. 相似文献
19.
O.C. Macdonald 《Crop Protection》1991,10(6):509-513
Baseline responses to a range of pesticides scheduled for the statutory eradication of outbreaks of Liriomyza trifolii, a leaf miner alien to the UK, were established using a topical application bioassay against a susceptible laboratory population. Using the same technique the responses of outbreak populations of L. trifolii, and also the related species L. huidobrensis, have been investigated. Field populations of L. trifolii showed resistance to the pyrethroids tested but no evidence of resistance to organophosphates was found. There was some evidence of resistance to gamma-HCH. L. huidobrensis showed a response to pyrethroids similar to that of resistant L. trifolii, and levels of tolerance to organophosphates approximately eight times that of susceptible L. trifolii. The response to gamma-HCH was similar to that of susceptible L. trifolii. 相似文献
20.
《Journal of Cereal Science》2014,59(3):245-256
Increasing cereal yield is needed to meet the projected increased demand for world food supply of about 70% by 2050. Sirius, a process-based model for wheat, was used to estimate yield potential for wheat ideotypes optimized for future climatic projections for ten wheat growing areas of Europe. It was predicted that the detrimental effect of drought stress on yield would be decreased due to enhanced tailoring of phenology to future weather patterns, and due to genetic improvements in the response of photosynthesis and green leaf duration to water shortage. Yield advances could be made through extending maturation and thereby improve resource capture and partitioning. However the model predicted an increase in frequency of heat stress at meiosis and anthesis. Controlled environment experiments quantify the effects of heat and drought at booting and flowering on grain numbers and potential grain size. A current adaptation of wheat to areas of Europe with hotter and drier summers is a quicker maturation which helps to escape from excessive stress, but results in lower yields. To increase yield potential and to respond to climate change, increased tolerance to heat and drought stress should remain priorities for the genetic improvement of wheat. 相似文献