共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 640 毫秒
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咖啡果皮中矿质养分含量较高,可作为潜在的有机肥源用于农业生产,但果皮直接还田会抑制咖啡幼苗生长,需腐熟后还田。本研究设置咖啡果皮、咖啡果皮添加纤维素酶和果胶酶、粉碎咖啡果皮、粉碎咖啡果皮添加纤维素酶和果胶酶4个堆沤处理,研究不同堆沤处理的养分含量及对咖啡植株生长的影响,以期为果皮的肥料化利用提供依据。室内检测试验结果表明：咖啡果皮粉碎或粉碎后添加纤维素酶和果胶酶堆沤处理对果皮养分含量无显著影响,但果皮粉碎后添加酶的处理有机质含量与果皮直接堆沤腐熟相比下降7.90%。温室盆栽试验显示：施用不同堆沤腐熟处理后的咖啡果皮均可显著促进咖啡幼苗生长,提高叶片光合速率、叶绿素含量和氮平衡指数,但促生效果有差异。与对照相比,施用腐熟果皮添加纤维素酶和果胶酶的处理,植株生物量、叶片光合速率、叶绿素含量及氮平衡指数分别增加了50%以上,促生效果最好。因此,建议生产上采用果皮粉碎后添加一定比例的纤维素酶和果胶酶堆沤,以利于作物生长。 相似文献
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云南是中国仅有的小粒种咖啡生产省份,也是世界上咖啡种植纬度最北的地区(世界其它咖啡种植最北的纬度为22°N,而云南为25.5°N),具有独特的地理和气候类型。在这次调查研究中,笔者从小粒种咖啡主要种植区普洱、德宏和保山搜集了52个样品,在德国柏林由一个专业杯品测试小组对其进行测评。在对比相同海拔下(大约1 000 m)的不同Catimor7963样品时,发现纬度与杯品质量之间存在正相关。这说明与相同海拔低纬度地区相比,高纬度地区的咖啡豆具有较好的杯品质量。因此纬度可作为杯品质量的一个地理因素。 相似文献
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针对当前咖啡种植者对咖啡品种的商品性及杯品质量认识不足、盲目引种而造成的生产中咖啡品种混乱，咖啡豆质量下降等问题，对普洱普遍种植的小粒种咖啡品种咖啡豆的商品性及杯品质量进行研究。研究表明：不同小粒种咖啡品种生咖啡的商品性及杯品质量存在较大的差异性；Catimor系列品种之间杯品质量差异不大。 相似文献
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《中国麻业》2016,(2)
利用碱性果胶酶复配部分木聚糖酶对亚麻原茎进行脱胶试验,比较了不同的酶配比和用量、作用温度和时间等条件下打成麻强力和长麻率,探讨了酶重复利用的可行性。结果表明,碱性果胶酶和木聚糖酶配比为1∶2,酶用量0.8%(w/w),温度30-32℃,浴比1∶13-14,p H 8.5,脱胶时间60-65 h,打成麻质量最佳,打成麻强力提高10%-15%左右,长麻出麻率提高1.2%-1.5%,且比传统沤麻提高1-2号数,此外,添加50%脱胶废液用于再次沤麻具有一定的可行性。本研究总结出一套较成熟工艺,提高温水沤麻的质量,降低沤麻污染,缩短沤麻时间,提高生产效率,提升打成麻品质和市场竞争力。 相似文献
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为探究不同外源添加物对咖啡果皮酒风味和感官品质的影响,本研究添加4种可发酵糖（葡萄糖、果糖、麦芽糖和蔗糖）和2种可发酵氨基酸（精氨酸和谷氨酸）发酵生产咖啡果皮酒。以顶空固相微萃取-气相质谱法结合感官评价,分析外源添加物对咖啡果皮酒风味和感官品质的影响。结果表明:共检出9大类75种风味组分,以酯类和醇类为主;添加可发酵糖能显著增加咖啡果皮酒醇类组分（23.99%~121.24%）,添加可发酵氨基酸咖啡果皮酒能增加酯类组分（25.77%~28.18%）,而添加可发酵糖咖啡果皮酒酯类组分显著减少（10.81%~69.94%）;方差齐性检验P=0.206>0.05,在α=0.05的水平上各外源添加物果酒风味组分没有显著性差异,事后两两比较P=(0.371~0.989)>0.05,说明样品间差异不显著,但PCA分析（PC1:96.01%,PC2:3.13%）能将其完全区分;使用模糊数学法感官评判发现,添加精氨酸所酿造的果酒综合得分最高（92.40）,更加适合人们的口味,整体风格显著,协调性好,谷氨酸添加次之（80.80）,果糖和蔗糖所酿造的咖啡果皮酒综合评分一致（78.20）,添加麦芽糖果酒得分最低（74.20）。综上所述,添加氨基酸可改善咖啡果皮酒风味和口感,发酵糖改善效果不如氨基酸。 相似文献
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《中国麻业》2019,(3)
为了分离和鉴定对大麻有脱胶效果的碱性果胶酶生产菌株,优化其产果胶酶培养基组成,试验选用果胶作为唯一碳源进行菌株筛选,并采用单因素和正交试验筛选果胶酶发酵培养基组成。结果表明:从沤麻水体中分离到14株具有脱胶能力的细菌,其中X-6菌果胶酶产量最高,该菌革兰氏阴性,大小为0.6～0.8μm×2～3μm,据其生理生化特征和16S r DNA鉴定,该菌株鉴定并被命名为产碱假单胞菌X-6(Pseudomonas alcaligenes X-6),该菌的最佳产果胶酶培养基组成为葡萄糖5 g/L,马铃薯淀粉4 g/L,酵母粉4 g/L,玉米浆4 g/L,氯化钙1.5 g/L,氯化钠0.5 g/L,经验证在该条件下果胶酶活力达到586 U/m L,采用发酵后的粗酶液对大麻进行脱胶试验,残胶率由38.9%降低至17.2%,脱胶效果较好。试验分离和鉴定出一株对大麻脱胶效果较好的菌株,并获得其产果胶酶发酵培养基。 相似文献
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果胶酶是影响大麻脱胶的关键酶,应用果胶酶可以降低脱胶成本,提高精干麻的制成率和梳成率,为了使自行分离得到的菌株HDDMG05获得较高水平的产酶能力,优化了此茵株产果胶酶发酵培养基的条件.本项研究主要采用Phckett-Burman(PB)法和响应面分析方法(RSM),对培养基的橘皮粉、酵母提取物、硫酸铵、pH值和NaCl等因素进行优化.结果表明:培养基在橘皮粉16.1%、酵母提取物0.2%、硫酸铵0%、pH值4.98、NaC10.5%、K2HPO4 0.05%、MgSO47H2O 0.01%时,茵株HDDMG05可以获得8100U/mL的最大产酶量.采用基于响应面分析方法能够较大地提高茵株产酶能力. 相似文献
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本研究从云南小粒种咖啡3个主要种植区采集了52个样品,在德国柏林由一个专业杯品测试小组对其进行测评。比较了不同海拔荫蔽和非荫蔽耕作系统中咖啡豆的质量。结果显示：荫蔽系统的优势明显。荫蔽系统下生产的咖啡豆在所有4个感官项目测试和“带衣豆总干重/咖啡鲜果重”(D/F)项目中都有较好的表现。此外,在比较来自相近海拔(约1 000 m)的不同卡蒂莫品系时,发现香味和D/F之间呈正相关。D/F比值因其结果简单、具体、客观,从而可作为咖啡质量中的物理性状的主要评价指标之一。另外,荫蔽耕作制度能够明显增加D/F的比值, 相似文献
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总结2010年以来云南河口民族地区小粒种咖啡技术创新亮点，分析认为：近年研究制定的《河口小粒咖啡综合技术规范》(DG5325/T 5.1-5.6—2013)标准，规范了本地区小粒种咖啡栽培技术；试验筛选出的高抗锈良种CIF7963(6)，加快了本地区良种化进程；“水压自动补偿”灌溉系统，解决了本地区传统灌溉问题；对传统湿法加工实施背压式热风穿透风干燥技术(设备)改造，改变了传统上利用水泥晒场自然晾晒咖啡豆。这些创新亮点促进了本地区小粒种咖啡产业的可持性发展。 相似文献
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Irma Bernal-Lugo Carmen Parra Margarita Portilla Cecilia B. Peña-Valdivia Ernesto Moreno 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1997,50(2):141-150
The characteristic of proteins, starch and pectic substances in cotyledons of two bean cultivars varying in cooking time were
determined to investigate their possible contribution to bean cooking quality. Both cultivars showed the same enthalpies of
starch gelatinization but different protein denaturation enthalpies. The proportion of hot water soluble pectins was higher
in Michigan, the cultivar with the lower cooking time, than in Ojo de Cabra, the cultivar with the higher cooking time. These
results were not due to differences in pectin methylation or in the ratio of monovalent to divalent cations in the tissue,
suggesting that in fresh beans the β-elimination reaction is not the sole or predominant route of thermal pectin degradation.
Overall, this study indicates that varietal differences in bean cooking quality may be reflections of the rate of pectin loss
during soaking/heating and that the thermal properties of starch and protein fractions seem to have a minor contribution.
Researchers involved in this study propose that in fresh beans, the thermal pectin loss results from a two step mechanism:
pectin enzymic breakdown during the bean soaking followed by thermal solubilization rather than β-elimination during the bean
heating. 相似文献
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Rajendran R Sundaram SK Radhai R Rajapriya P 《Pakistan journal of biological sciences: PJBS》2011,14(9):519-525
The conventional scouring process involving the harsh environment is slowly being replaced with environment friendly approach using enzymes. These enzymes remove the non cellulosic impurities present in the fabric. Such a process would enhance the absorbency of the fabric without appreciable strength loss and also would help in the proper dyeing and finishing of the fabric. In the present work pectinase enzyme was isolated from Fusariumn sp. and was optimized under different cultural conditions. The partially purified pectinase enzyme was used in the scouring of cotton fabric. The efficiency of the bioscoured cotton fabric was compared with that of the conventionally scoured fabric. It was found that the water absorbing character of the bioscoured fabric was found to be considerably higher than that of the conventionally scoured fabric. Also, the tensile strength of the cotton fabric was found to be higher for the sample treated using pectinase enzyme than the sample treated conventionally. The results of FTIR confer that the pectin and wax impurities were removed from the cotton surface in both the conventionally scoured and bioscoured fabrics. 相似文献
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以海南兴隆地区咖啡豆（Coffea robusta）为研究对象,研究不同烘焙方式（即快速烘焙、中速烘焙以及慢速烘焙）对咖啡豆理化性质和挥发性成分的影响,采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用技术（headspace solid-phase microextraction-gas chromatograph-mass spectrometry,HS-SPME-GC-MS）鉴定3种烘焙速度下产生的挥发性成分,再以电子鼻技术和主成分分析（principal component analysis,PCA）法进一步分析不同烘焙豆样品整体风味的差异。结果表明,3种烘焙方式下共鉴定出92种挥发性成分,其中快速、中速和慢速烘焙豆中分别鉴定出82、72、76种;烘焙豆样品间挥发性成分含量相差较大,在中速烘焙豆中检测出最高的挥发性成分总含量（1080.51 μg/g）;电子鼻检测发现不同烘焙方式咖啡豆挥发性成分存在差异,PCA结果显示三者差异明显,其中中速和慢速烘焙样品的挥发性成分有部分重叠现象,二者与快速烘焙样品差别较大。本研究可为咖啡烘焙工艺改进及品质提升提供参考。 相似文献
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Mnkeni A.P. Gierschner K. Maeda E.E. 《Plant foods for human nutrition (Dordrecht, Netherlands)》1999,53(4):285-296
Effect of blanching time, salt concentration and fermentation on texture of green beans (var. Tuf) was determined. Beans were blanched at 90 °C for 1, 10 or 20 minutes and fermented with brine containing 3.08 and 4.6% salt (corresponding to 1.2 and 1.8% salt in the finished product). The beans were assessed for texture mechanically using Universal Testing Machine (Model 1011, Instron). Sensory evaluation was carried out to assess the taste, texture and overall acceptability of the products. Pectolytic enzyme (pectinestarase and exopolygalacturonase) activities were determined in fresh and fermented beans. Increase in blanching time improved the texture significantly. Significant (p<0.05) decreases in shearing energy of the beans were observed in the first two days of fermentation and, thereafter, there were no significant (p>0.05) changes except for samples blanched for one minute. Salt concentration showed a small but significant effect on texture only in samples blanched for one minute and this was probably due to activation by salt of residual pectolytic enzymes in the beans. Most acceptable beans were those blanched for 20 minutes and fermented with 1.2% salt brine. 相似文献
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根据全息生物学的理论,研究了咖啡树枝条不同部位叶片的面积、座果数量和光合速率等性状的差异。结果表明,这些性状均存在中部优势,体现了生物全息相关性。咖啡树枝条中部区段存在较强的遗传势,选取枝条中部咖啡豆(或芽条)培育种苗,可能有利于提高咖啡的产量与品质。 相似文献