共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 250 毫秒
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为进一步探讨软枝黄蝉杀虫活性成分,以菜青虫为靶标昆虫,采用生物活性示踪法分离鉴定软枝黄蝉杀虫活性成分,采用小叶碟添加法测定活性成分对菜青虫幼虫的杀虫活性;3种活性成分鉴定分别为黄蝉花定、黄蝉花辛和黄蝉花素。活性测试结果表明,3种活性成分对菜青虫5龄幼虫均有很强的拒食作用,处理后48 h AFC50值分别为0.071,0.045和0.103 mg/mL,同时,3种化合物对菜青虫还有较强的毒杀作用,其中,以黄蝉花素毒杀作用最强,其LC50值仅为0.026 mg/mL,优于对照药剂川楝素(0.033 mg/mL);环烯醚萜类化合物可能是软枝黄蝉主要的杀虫活性成分。 相似文献
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软枝黄蝉提取物对椰心叶甲的杀虫活性 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
室内测定了软枝黄蝉提取物对椰心叶甲的生物活性。结果表明,软枝黄蝉提取物对椰心叶甲5龄幼虫具有很强的毒杀作用,48 h、72 h的LC50值分别为0.466和0.173 mg/mL;在供试浓度为0.75～2 mg/L时,对椰心叶甲也有显著的杀卵作用,其卵孵化率和幼虫存活率均在45%以下;对椰心叶甲5龄幼虫还有明显的抑制生长发育作用,表现为体重和体重增加量显著下降,幼虫龄期和蛹期延长,化蛹率和成虫羽化率显著降低;此外,软枝黄蝉提取物对椰心叶甲5龄幼虫还有一定的触杀作用,48和72 h的LC50分别为5.780和3.754 mg/mL。 相似文献
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在室内测定了查耳酮、二氢查耳酮和4-甲氧基查耳酮3种查耳酮类似物对斜纹夜蛾的杀虫活性。结果表明,3种查耳酮类似物对斜纹夜蛾幼虫拒食活性大小依次为:4-甲氧基查耳酮查耳酮二氢查耳酮,处理后24 hAFC50值分别为0.452、0.524、1.072 mg/mL;对斜纹夜蛾幼虫还有一定的胃毒作用,在2 mg/mL的供试浓度下,处理后12 d的死亡率分别为67.78%、57.41%和53.33%;此外,查耳酮类化合物对斜纹夜蛾幼虫还具有一定抑制生长发育的作用,主要表现在幼虫体重、化蛹率和羽化率均显著低于对照。 相似文献
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探讨钩枝藤总生物碱及3个单体化合物[(1)Ancistrocline,(2)5′-O-demethylhamatintine,(3)N-methylphylline]对斜纹夜蛾幼虫的毒杀活性,旨在开发新型植物源农药。采用浸虫法测定钩枝藤总碱对斜纹夜蛾3龄幼虫的毒杀活性和采用饲料混毒法测定钩枝藤单体化合物对斜纹夜蛾初孵幼虫毒杀活性。结果表明：钩枝藤总碱对斜纹夜蛾3龄幼虫具有较强的毒杀作用,其第3天和第5天的LC50值分别为2.61 mg/mL和0.91 mg/mL。单体化合物对斜纹夜蛾初孵幼虫具有明显的抑制生长发育作用,其中以化合物(2)抑制作用最强,主要表现为化蛹率（23.33％）、羽化率（13.33％）显著低于对照（化蛹率90.00％、羽化率86.67％）。 相似文献
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分别用喷雾法、浸叶法测试了黄顶菊1 g· mL-1水提液对斜纹夜蛾的触杀活性,结果表明,喷雾处理72 h后斜纹夜蛾存活率仅为54.17％,浸叶处理24、48 h存活率均明显低于对照.混拌饲料饲喂试验表明:黄顶菊各组织1∶6混拌饲料,花混拌处理胃毒作用稍强;叶、花混拌均明显抑制棉铃虫生长.花混拌饲喂斜纹夜蛾,发育为4龄幼虫的比例仅为13.33％,叶混拌饲喂影响不明显;花、茎混拌对斜纹夜蛾幼虫虫体质量抑制率分别为57.26％和10.07％,叶混拌的影响不明显;花、叶对斜纹夜蛾雄、雌蛹蛹质量抑制率分别为12.14％和19.73％,羽化率下降64.0％～72.0％.此外,黄顶菊叶、花混拌饲料可使斜纹夜蛾化蛹高峰期分别推迟3d和10 d左右,茎混拌雄、雌蛹羽化时间分别推迟5d和3d,叶、花混拌推迟2～3 d. 相似文献
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测定了斜纹夜蛾生长发育过程中头壳宽度、体长、体重和取食量等参数的变化,并就这几个参数与试虫龄期的增长进行了相关分析。结果表明:斜纹夜蛾幼虫的头壳和体长随着龄期的增长呈直线上升趋势,其体重和取食量随着龄期的增长呈指数上升趋势。头壳与龄期间的相关系数最大,是预测试虫龄期最稳定的参数,可用方程Y=0.578X-0.628来表示;测定了斜纹夜蛾生长发育过程中血淋巴中可溶性蛋白、总糖、还原糖和海藻糖含量的变化,并就试虫体重与这几种营养成分含量变化关系进行了分析。结果表明:随着体重增加,斜纹夜蛾幼虫血淋巴中可溶性蛋白、总糖和海藻糖含量不断上升。进入蛹期1d后,随着蛹重的缓慢减轻,蛹血淋巴中可溶性蛋白和总糖含量虽有下降,但变化不显著。 相似文献
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采用常规的生物测定方法和酶活力测定方法,研究阿维菌素亚致死剂量对斜纹夜蛾生长发育及解毒酶的诱导效应,以了解阿维菌素对斜纹夜蛾的影响,并为指导其合理使用提供理论依据.结果表明:随着剂量的增大,阿维菌素对斜纹夜蛾的亚致死效应逐渐增强.当剂量达到LC20时,与对照相比,化蛹率降低了13.04％,蛹重减轻了24.56％,羽化率降低了18.22％,孵化率减少了11.90％,成虫寿命缩短了22.65％,单雌产卵量减少了10.62％,但幼虫发育历期却延长了0.57d,且下一代的发育历期延长了1.02 d.另外,经过不同时间、不同亚致死剂量处理后,斜纹夜蛾3龄幼虫体内的羧酸脂酶活性均出现不同程度的上升.处理36h后,LC10、LC15和LC20试验组的羧酸脂酶活性比对照分别提高了16.59％、20.24％和22.76％.但谷胱甘肽S-转移酶和多功能氧化酶O-脱甲基活性在试验期间无显著变化.结果说明阿维菌素能够影响斜纹夜蛾的生长发育,且对其体内的解毒酶系产生一些影响. 相似文献
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Caio Cesar Truzi Natalia Fernanda Vieira Joice Mendona de Souza Sergio Antonio De Bortoli 《Journal of insect science (Online)》2021,21(4)
Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a pest of great economic importance which can feed on more than 300 plant species. As it is polyphagous, its host plants may have variable physical and chemical constitutions. This may influence larval development, as protein and carbohydrate levels are important factors for adequate biological development. The aim of this study was to evaluate insect developmental parameters as well as to compare the food consumption of S. frugiperda larvae reared using diets with different protein levels under laboratory conditions. Three artificial diet formulations were used: one typically used for routine laboratory rearing, based on bean, wheat germ and brewer’s yeast (D1); one containing half the original amount of protein (D2), and the other with twice the original amount of protein (D3). The relative consumption rate (RCR), relative growth rate (RGR), and efficiency of conversion of ingested food (ECI) for S. frugiperda fourth instar larvae varied among diets. The protein present in the diet influenced the duration of larval and pupal periods and pupal weight, but did not affect larval survival, fecundity and longevity of adults. The different protein levels in the diets did not negatively influence population growth, so these three diet variations can be used for mass rearing in the laboratory. However, the influence of these diets on successive generations of the insect remains untested. 相似文献
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茶黄蓟马(Scirtothrips dorsalis)Hood是华南茶树上的重要害虫。一年可发生10—11代。5—10月份,11—21天便可完成一代,虫口高峰出现在9—10月,无明显越冬,成虫寿命7—25天,若虫期1—2龄4—10天,预蛹和蛹期2—6天;每雌产卵量平均35—62粒。成虫活跃,无趋光性,对黄色板和绿色板有正趋性。大叶种茶树虫口数量较多。少雨、干燥有利此虫发生。及时分批采摘和用高效灭百可或速灭杀丁6000倍液、喹硫磷1000倍液、水胺硫磷1500倍液对防治本虫有较好效果。 相似文献
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Lepidopteran insect pest management has relied heavily on synthetic chemical pesticides, but their efficiency is declining as a result of emerging insecticide resistance. Recently biopesticides have become the most promising products employed in pest management strategies. We investigated the sublethal effects of two bioinsecticides, spinosad and emamectin benzoate, on larval and pupal development, and reproductive activity including calling behaviour, pheromone production, fecundity and fertility of the cabbage moth, Mamestra brassicae. To assess sublethal effects, second instar larvae were fed with 0.005, 0.05, or 0.5 μg a.i. spinosad/g diet or 0.00005, 0.0005, or 0.005 μg a.i. emamectin benzoate/g diet. Both bioinsecticides significantly increased larval and pupal development time and negatively affected reproductive activity of M. brassicae. The calling activity of females decreased very significantly in the highest sublethal concentration of spinosad and in all treatments by emamectin benzoate. The results suggest that, both spinosad and emamectin benzoate are promising alternatives to conventional insecticides for the control of M. brassicae if successfully introduced into Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs. 相似文献
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The use of Galleria mellonella (Linnaeus) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), an economical insect model, for the study of enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (Migula) (EPEC), a diarrheagenic human pathogen, has been demonstrated previously but remains poorly understood. The present study characterizes the Galleria-EPEC system extensively for future studies using this system. We found that EPEC causes disease in G. mellonella larvae when injected intrahemocoelically but not orally. Disease manifests as increased mortality, decreased survival time, delayed pupation, decreased pupal mass, increased pupal duration, and hemocytopenia. Disease symptoms are dose-dependent and can be used as metrics for measuring EPEC virulence in future studies. The type III secretion system was only partially responsible for EPEC virulence in G. mellonella while the majority of the virulence remains unknown in origin. EPEC elicits insect anti-bacterial immune responses including melanization, hemolymph coagulation, nodulation, and phagocytosis. The immune responses were unable to control EPEC replication in the early stage of infection (≤3 h post-injection). EPEC clearance from the hemocoel does not guarantee insect survival. Overall, this study provided insights into EPEC virulence and pathogenesis in G. mellonella and identified areas of future research using this system. 相似文献
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Fahimi A Kharrazi-Pakdel A Talaei-Hassanloui R 《Pakistan journal of biological sciences: PJBS》2008,11(13):1768-1770
The effect of one entomopathogenic virus (PxGV) was studied on cabbage moth Plutella xylostella with hope to find management strategies of this insect, based on biological control. Bioassay showed that, this virus has high virulence and can be considered as the important agents on the control of this insect. The LC50 value of PxGV for second instar larvae of cabbage moth was calculated 448.58 g mm(-2). The LT50 values for the same larvae with 749.89 and 1883.65 g mm(-2) doses of PxGV were 6.04 and 6.85 days, respectively. 相似文献
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Jun Su Fei-Ping Zhang Wen-Ling Huang De-Lan Chen Shun-Li Chen 《Journal of insect science (Online)》2015,15(1)
We found that Pantana phyllostachysae, a dangerous pest of moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens), showed differences in growth and development after feeding on diverse types of moso bamboo leaves. The mortality rate of Pa. phyllostachysae due to Beauveria bassiana, an entomopathogenic fungus, was also affected by the varied larval diet. Larval and pupal developmental duration of Pa. phyllostachysae was longer when feeding on “off-year” bamboo leaves. Pupal weight and adult fertility were higher when feeding on “on-year” bamboo leaves. Mortality due to B. bassiana was significantly lower in larvae fed on on-year bamboo leaves than in larvae fed on off-year bamboo leaves. Larvae fed on new bamboo leaves had a shorter development period and higher survival rate than those fed on off-year bamboo leaves. However, mixed feed (mixture of new, on-year, and off-year bamboo leaves) decreased the egg production of Pa. phyllostachysae. After infection by the second generation of B. bassiana, the survival time of Pa. phyllostachysae fed on mixed feed increased significantly compared with the first generation. We also fed Pa. phyllostachysae different proportion of new bamboo leaves in mixed feed to simulate natural conditions. We found that increasing the proportion of new bamboo leaves in the food promoted pupal development and increased egg production; it also increased the resistance of larvae to the first generation of B. bassiana. The pathogenicity of the second generation of B. bassiana declined in all mixed feed treatments. 相似文献
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黑刺粉虱综合防治技术 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：5
建立了黑刺粉虱的发生期预测式和发生量预测式，在闽东北地区验证，其准确率达９０％以上；确立了动态防治经济阈值，一般为每叶６头。韦伯虫座孢菌对黑刺粉虱幼虫的致病力强，并能寄生蛹，田间大面积应用防治效果在７０％以上，持效达２年以上。卵孵化１０％—２０％时使用２５％扑虱灵，防效达８０％—９０％。研究表明：利用虫生真菌、昆虫生长调节剂和叶面肥（混用），能有效地控制黑刺粉虱的危害，经济效益、社会效益和生态效益明显 相似文献
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两种药剂亚致死浓度对稻纵卷叶螟生长发育及解毒酶活性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
【目的】为了明确毒死蜱和氯虫苯甲酰胺对稻纵卷叶螟的亚致死效应,【方法】我们采用离体叶片浸渍法,2龄稻纵卷叶螟幼虫在亚致死浓度(LC_(10)和LC_(25))浸渍下的水稻叶片上处理72 h,然后观察稻纵卷叶螟的生长发育状况,并测定了其体内主要解毒酶活性。【结果】毒死蜱亚致死浓度LC_(10)和LC_(25)处理组幼虫历期较对照显著延长;蛹历期显著短于对照,雌雄成虫寿命与对照无显著差异。氯虫苯甲酰胺亚致死浓度LC_(10)和LC_(25)处理组,幼虫历期和蛹历期与对照均无显著差异;LC_(10)处理组雌成虫寿命缩短。毒死蜱LC_(10)和LC_(25)处理组,稻纵卷叶螟体内的酯酶和谷胱甘肽转移酶活性均显著高于对照。氯虫苯甲酰胺LC_(10)和LC_(25)处理后其体内的酯酶活性显著增加;LC_(25)处理组的谷胱甘肽转移酶活性显著高于对照。【结论】研究结果表明,毒死蜱和氯虫苯甲酰胺亚致死浓度处理使稻纵卷叶螟部分生长期发育放缓,但诱导体内部分解毒酶活性上升。稻纵卷叶螟处于这两种杀虫剂亚致死浓度的选择压下,将有利于抗药性的积累与发展。 相似文献