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结合大豆育种实际工作,设置低蛋白×低蛋白、低蛋白×高蛋白2种不同类型的大豆杂交组合,先后对各组合类型后代单株及后代品系蛋白质、油分含量进行测定分析。结果表明,大豆杂交亲本蛋白质含量通过杂交后代群体对后代品系蛋白质含量特征有显著的影响,亲本蛋白质含量与后代品系蛋白质含量表现为显著的正相关。不同蛋白质含量的大豆杂交亲本组合类型对后代品系蛋白质含量有显著的影响。试验明确了大豆杂交后代群体蛋白质含量的遗传过程以及选择作用对后代品系蛋白质含量的影响,为大豆蛋白质育种实践提供参考。 相似文献
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大豆同工酶与杂种优势及产量性状变异的相关研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用具有明显差异的三种不同类型的大豆品种,采用完全双列杂交方式配同类型内及类型间共15个杂交组合,研究大豆同工酶与主要产量性状杂种优势及遗传变异的相互关系的结果表明,大豆F_1代酯酶和过氧化物酶同工酶酶谱与主要产量性状的杂种优势有关,具有互补带的组合,杂种优势最高。试验还显示,类型内杂交组合,F_1代酯酶、过氧化物酶同工酶均没有出现互补酶带;含有秣食豆种质的组合,F_1代具有互补带比率最高。本试验结果证实:F_2代单株同工酶酶谱表型丰富的组合,其主要产量性状变异潜力大。含有秣食豆种质的种间杂交后代,与栽培大豆品种间杂交比较,F_2代酯酶、过氧化物酶同工酶表达类型丰富。从酶学以及分子标记的角度,明确了秣食豆种质向栽培大豆的渗进。 相似文献
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《大豆科学》2020,(2)
为对比不同品种、不同诱变方法和剂量的诱变效果,以便给大豆诱变育种和突变体库构建提供有效途径,对4个东北春大豆品种黑农48、黑农84、绥农52和绥农42进行~(60)Co-γ辐射和甲基磺酸乙酯(EMS)的诱变处理,调查分析其M_1和M_2代出苗率、成株率、不育性、蛋白、脂肪及其它农艺性状。研究发现各品种对不同诱变方法反应敏感度不同,黑农48对辐射诱变敏感度高,黑农84、绥农52和绥农42对化学诱变敏感度高。辐射诱变和化学诱变M_1代均会对各品种不同性状产生影响,但这种影响多数由生理伤害造成。两种诱变方式对品种诱变影响各具特点,辐射诱变具有明显的苗后致死性,而且对不育性影响更明显;化学诱变更温和,M_1代成株率更高。两种诱变M_2代的出苗率、成株率、不育性、蛋白含量、脂肪含量及其它农艺性状趋于相同,但辐射诱变在叶型、分枝、黄化株、育性等方面的突变率比化学诱变高,这些变化特点的研究可为诱变育种或者构建突变体库提供基础依据。 相似文献
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鲜食大豆新品种铁鲜3号选育及栽培技术要点 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
铁鲜3号是铁岭市农业科学院选育的鲜食品系大豆新品种,以辽鲜1号为母本、铁00003-3为父本进行有性杂交,经系谱法选育而成。原品系编号为铁06166-1。2017年3月通过辽宁省农作物品种审定委员会审定(审定编号:辽审豆2017022)。该品种口感品质A级(香甜柔糯型),丰产性好、商品价值高,适于在辽宁省各市种植。 相似文献
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采用三个东北春大豆与三个山东省夏大豆品种的杂交组合及上述三个杂交组合的F_1代与各自春大豆亲本相杂交的回交组合(或三系杂交组合)为材料,以比较单交(二系杂交)后代与回交后代的表现,确定在东北春大豆育种中利用夏大豆的适宜杂交方式。试验结果表明,回交二代群体的平均生育期均较单交二代群体早熟一级,但变异幅度较大。株高与倒伏性亦有同样趋势,说明回交没有减少群体内性状的变异性。F_4代品系的成熟期;结荚习性,株高等性状的调查表明,回交群体稳定品系较单交群体多,而不稳定的品系数大大减少。F_2—F_4代籽粒产量测定表明,以早熟春大豆黑农23为轮回亲本的回交劣于相应的杂交群体,F_2代单株产量减少25％,F_3与F_4代群体产量减少7％。但以东北中熟春大豆吉林13为轮回亲本的回交优于相应的单交群体,F_2代单株产量高10—25％,F_3及F_4群体产量高4.8—21.9％。说明在东北春大豆育种中利用夏大豆品种会因春大豆亲本的不同而有所差异。与早熟春大豆进行杂交时,可直接对单交后代进行选择。而当利用中熟春大豆品种与山东省夏大豆杂交时,可再用东北春大豆品种回交一次,比只进行一次杂交可获得好的选择效果。 相似文献
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《大豆科学》2020,(4)
为了提高大豆品种培育过程中轮回选择的效率,本研究以1个大豆雄性不育-雌性可育突变体M_4～M_8和M_(12)代育性分离群体为材料,分别5年在1个地点和1年在2个地点对其育性遗传方式进行分析。同时,以该突变体天然杂交F_1单株衍生的5个F_2群体和3个F_2衍生的F_3群体为材料对育性表型遗传方式和不育株结荚数进行统计分析。结果表明:在M_4～M_8和M_(12)代群体中,突变性状均为单基因控制的隐性性状;而在天然杂交组合后代群体中,育性表型的遗传因组合和播期不同而异。两个F_2群体的育性表现为受单基因控制,且其衍生的F_3群体育性在不同播期条件下也表现为受单基因控制;而其它3个F_2群体则表现为受2个基因控制,但其中1个群体衍生的F_3群体在早播条件下却表现为受单基因控制。基本农田环境下,F_2群体中不育株结荚数范围为0～28个,平均2.73个。在不同遗传背景下,不同播期和年际间,不育株结荚数均差异显著。本研究结果能够为该突变体用于大豆轮回选择奠定基础。 相似文献
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Systemic and asymptomatic Neotyphodium fungal endophytes infect numerous species of the Poaceae. The frequencies of Neotyphodium endophyte infection in Finland were investigated among and within seven Nordic cultivars of meadow fescue, Schedonorus pratensis (Huds.) P. Beauv., which is a widely grown pasture and forage grass species in Scandinavia. The cultivars were Kasper, Salten, Antti, Fure, Ilmari, Inkeri and Kalevi. Frequencies of infection of cultivars varied from endophyte-free cultivar Fure to highly infected cultivar Inkeri [mean (standard deviation of mean) of 0·95 (0·023)]. Mean frequencies of infection of three cultivars remained lower than 0·10, and two of the cultivars, Kasper and Salten, were intermediately infected. In most of the cultivars, frequencies of infection varied only slightly among seed lots. In cultivar Kasper, however, the frequency of endophyte infection was highly variable (0–0·96) among the 45 seed lots examined. The relative importance of cultivar, seed lot and infection by Neotyphodium endophyte to the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi L. was studied experimentally, using both endophyte-free and endophyte-infected plants of four seed lots of the two intermediately infected cultivars. Endophyte infection increased plant resistance to R. padi , overriding the influences of seed lot and cultivar. It is proposed that variation caused by endophyte infections in cultivars of meadow fescue should be taken into account in assessing plant breeding programmes in Europe. 相似文献
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Quynh-Hoa Pham Xuan-An Tran Thi-Nha-Trang Nguyen Thi-Thuy-Anh Tran Hai-Yen Hoang Thi-Hong-Van Nguyen Thi-Hanh Tang Thi-Phuc Do 《水稻科学》2016,23(6):334
Rice(Oryza sativa) is sensitive to salinity, but the salt tolerance level differs among cultivars, which might result from natural variations in the genes that are responsible for salt tolerance. High-affinity potassium transporter(HKTs) has been proven to be involved in salt tolerance in plants. Therefore, we screened for natural nucleotide polymorphism in the coding sequence of Os HKT1, which encodes the HKT protein in eight Vietnamese rice cultivars differing in salt tolerance level. In total, seven nucleotide substitutions in coding sequence of Os HKT1 were found, including two non-synonymous and five synonymous substitutions. Further analysis revealed that these two non-synonymous nucleotide substitutions(G50T and T1209A) caused changes in amino acids(Gly17Val and Asp403Glu) at signal peptide and the loop of the sixth transmembrane domain, respectively. To assess the potential effect of these substitutions on the protein function, the 3D structure of HKT protein variants was modelled by using PHYRE2 webserver. The results showed that no difference was observed when compared those predicted 3D structure of HKT protein variants with each other. In addition, the codon bias of synonymous substitutions cannot clearly show correlation with salt tolerance level. It might be interesting to further investigate the functional roles of detected non-synonymous substitutions as it might correlate to salt tolerance in rice. 相似文献
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马铃薯试管苗组织培养及微型薯诱导技术的研究 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：9
通过加入不同浓度的BA、NAA和KT,以探讨外源激素对马铃薯试管苗生理性状的影响,发现低浓度的外源激素较适合用来进行试管苗的增殖。本试验利用香豆素进行微型薯的诱导,结果表明低浓度的香豆素对提高薯重和大薯率有利,而高浓度有利于提高微型薯的结薯数量。 相似文献
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Russell Pressey 《American Journal of Potato Research》1969,46(8):291-297
Freshly harvested potatoes contain low levels of total invertase and high levels of invertase inhibitor. Total invertase increases sharply when potatoes are placed in cold storage, but the inhibitor is not depleted in all varieties. The absence of basal invertase activity in Norchip tubers indicates that an excess of invertase is not required for reducing sugar formation. Analyses of 37 varieties and seedlings after 3 months cold storage revealed that the reducing sugar content is not proportional to the invertase activity. High sugar contents are associated with low inhibitor levels, but low sugars are not necessarily associated with high inhibitor levels. The results indicate that invertase participates in reducing sugar formation, but other factors are responsible for the regulation of starch-sugar conversion in potatoes during cold storage. 相似文献
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Soomro MT Zahir E Mohiuddin S Khan AN Naqvi II 《Pakistan journal of biological sciences: PJBS》2008,11(2):285-289
In present study, Mn, Fe, Zn, Cu, Co, Pb, Cr, Ni and Cd were analyzed by FAAS in green and black tea samples of locally available in the Pakistani market. Na and K were also determined by Flame Photometer. Tea leaves can be the source of mineral components and trace elements, as well as some undesirable substances due to exposure to the environment. Among the metals tested, K was the most abundant one followed by Na, Mn and Fe. Fortunately, toxic heavy metals, Pb and Cd, had the lowest contents in tea samples and also in tea aqueous extracts. Concentration of heavy metals in tea aqueous extract was markedly lower than their total contents except that of K. The solubility of studied metals in tea aqueous extract varied widely and ranged from 0.0-95%. The lowest ranges of solubility were listed for toxic heavy metals Pb and Cd. The possible uptake of metals by the human body from tea aqueous extract has also been determined. The amounts of metals that one may take up through consumption of tea aqueous extract were found to match the acceptable daily intake even taking into account exposure from air, food and drinking water. 相似文献
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1 前 言目前 ,马铃薯脱毒快繁技术已广泛应用于科研与生产中 ,快繁过程中脱毒苗培养基支持体通常采用琼脂或直接采用液体培养。然而这两种培养基存在着诸多问题 ,例如琼脂培养基中的琼脂价格昂贵、成本高 ,而且胶体不利于营养物质的扩散、透气性差 ,导致瓶苗生长不良。因此 ,该实验在本着降低成本的同时 ,又能保证瓶苗正常生长的前提下 ,以蛭石代替琼脂 ,分析其在实际生产中的应用价值。2 材料与方法2 1 材料供试品种为郑薯 6号脱毒苗 ,试验于 2 0 0 2年在郑州市蔬菜研究所马铃薯脱毒实验室内进行。2 2 方法本试验设两个处理 :处理 1… 相似文献
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利用Matlab软件对玉米子粒灌浆过程用Richards方程进行拟合后,通过编程实现灌浆次级特征参数计算,并对不同播期子粒灌浆特征进行分析和探讨。结果表明,在黑龙港地区生态条件下,不同播期玉米各部位子粒灌浆均符合"S"形生长曲线,可用Richards方程很好地拟合。不同播期条件下,早播处理子粒起始势最高,达到灌浆盛期时间最早,平均灌浆速率及最大灌浆速率最大,活跃灌浆期较长,粒重最高。各播期玉米不同部位子粒,穗下部与上部相比,子粒的起始生长势较大,平均灌浆速率较高,达到灌浆高峰期时间较短,粒重较高。 相似文献
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试验以5个生产用马铃薯品种脱毒试管苗为材料,采用组织培养的方法,初步研究了茎切段在正常磷及低磷培养基中生长30 d时幼苗的磷营养效率差异,为筛选出适宜于生产用的磷高效马铃薯品种奠定了基础。试验结果表明,5个马铃薯品种幼苗在正常磷和低磷胁迫下对磷素的吸收和利用能力均存在明显的基因型差异。利用各品种幼苗的磷效率指标(植株干重、鲜重、吸磷量、磷利用效率)的相对指标(低磷处理的结果/正常磷处理的结果×100)进行聚类分析(类平均法)的结果表明,大白和I-1035属于磷高效基因型品种,中农Ⅷ是磷低效基因型品种,凉薯97和疫不加则属于中间类型品种。 相似文献