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1.
以苦荞品种‘晋荞2号’为试验材料,设置不同的氮肥处理,研究了氮肥对苦荞灌浆特性、根系形态、农艺性状、充实度及产量的影响。结果表明:中浓度氮肥处理(MN)对晋荞2号籽粒增重效果最显著;籽粒灌浆过程中的实际百粒重、百粒重理论可能最大值(A)、灌浆起始势(R0)、生长速率为最大时的生长量(Wmax·G)及活跃生长期均以MN处理最高;根系长度、表面积、体积均以MN处理最高,根冠比以低浓度氮肥处理(LN)最高;‘晋荞2号’的农艺性状、充实度及产量各指标基本以LN、MN处理最佳。综上所述,中浓度氮肥处理更利于促进苦荞的灌浆进程,进而提高充实度及产量。本研究为苦荞的高产栽培提供了理论依据和技术支撑。 相似文献
2.
不同产量水平超级杂交稻产量形成特征及其对施肥量的响应 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了探究不同产量水平超级杂交稻产量形成特征及其对施肥量的响应,以超级杂交稻两优培九、Y两优1号、Y两优2号、Y两优900和超优千号为供试材料,研究不同施肥水平(纯N用量分别为0、210、300和390 kg/hm~2,N∶P_2O_5∶K_2O=2∶1∶2,以F0、F1、F2、F3表示)对各品种产量及群体质量的影响。结果表明,在施肥水平为F0和F1时,Y两优2号的产量比两优培九和Y两优1号高,主要表现在其具有较高的有效穗数,以及茎蘖成穗率、叶面积指数、干物质积累量和收获指数;在施肥水平为F2和F3时,Y两优900和超优千号产量较高,主要表现在其具有较高的每穗粒数,以及粒叶比和收获指数。在不同施肥水平下,随着施肥量的增加各品种的每穗粒数、粒叶比和收获指数呈先增后降的趋势,有效穗数和叶面积指数呈增加的趋势(两优培九除外)。由上可知,在相对较低的施肥水平下,Y两优2号相比于两优培九和Y两优1号能获得更高产量,主要依靠的是其具有较高的有效穗数;而在较高的施肥水平下,Y两优900和超优千号更具有获得高产的潜力,且主要依靠较高的每穗粒数,较低的有效穗数是限制其获得更高产的主要原因。 相似文献
3.
为了解茶梅品种间杂交亲和性并为其亲本选择选配提供理论依据，以 12 个茶梅品种为材料，采用不规则配组 法共配对 72 个组合，开展了花粉活力比较及杂交亲和性试验。结果表明，有 66 个杂交组合能结实（91.7%），每个组 合平均结实率为 28.63%，其中 14 对组合杂交亲和性强（结实率在 50%以上），并以‘晚霞’ב银元’的杂交亲和性 最好（结实率达 100%），43 对组合杂交亲和性较强（结实率在 10.0%~46.2%），9 对组合的杂交亲和性较差（结实率 低于 10%）；另有 6 对杂交组合无法获得杂交果实（8.3%）；花粉活力对杂交亲和性有一定的影响，但杂交亲和性与 花粉活力没有必然的因果关系。供试茶梅品种中，‘有希’作为杂交父本或母本的亲和性均表现较强，‘乙女’、‘秋 芍药’、‘昭和之荣’作为杂交母本的结实性较强，‘东红牡丹’、‘丹玉’、‘银元’、‘堪次郎’作杂交父本可 增强母本结实性，‘晚霞’具有适合作杂交母本的单一偏向性。 相似文献
4.
《Plant Production Science》2013,16(4):395-400
AbstractWe evaluated the varietal difference in the flood tolerance of germinated seed in 17 Japanese varieties of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench), including both local varieties and bred varieties or lines of different agroecotypes. Germinated seeds were flooded for 1 day in a growth chamber in June, July and August. The mean rate of seedling emergence from the seeds sown on different dates varied with the variety ranging from 20.4 to 57.4%. The mean emergence rate of summer agroecotypes (29.9%) was significantly lower than that of intermediate and late-summer agroecotypes (42.8 and 40.1%, respectively), and that of local varieties (44.2%) was significantly higher than that of bred varieties or lines (31.2%). These results suggest that inherent variation in flood tolerance was decreased by breeding as a result of a bottleneck effect. The local variety ‘Kitou zairai’, which exhibited a high and stable seedling emergence rate, may be a suitable choice in breeding for flood tolerance during germination. We also attempted to select for flood tolerance under mild selection pressure. Mass selection after four generations increased seedling emergence rate in five of six selected lines (with the exception of ‘Kitawasesoba’) compared with those of unselected populations, although the results varied with the line. These results indicate the possibility of breeding for flood tolerance during the germination period. 相似文献
5.
[目的]研究不同施肥量与栽培密度对‘龙大麻3号’经济性状及产量影响。[方法]以‘龙大麻3号’为试验材料,采用正交试验法设计,3次重复,记录分析其经济性状及产量。[结果]种植密度在300万株/hm2,氮磷钾施用量分别为180、70、140 kg/hm2时的产量最高。[结论]为工业大麻栽培肥料使用提供理论基础,为实现良种良法一体化推广提供依据。 相似文献
6.
为了探明施氮量及氮肥运筹对优质杂交水稻产量及氮素吸收利用的影响,以晶两优华占、锦两优华占和晶两优1212为试验材料,2017～2018年在湖南省浏阳市进行了不同施氮量(145～225 kg/hm^2)和不同氮肥运筹(基肥、蘖肥、穗肥施用比例)的大田小区试验。结果表明:(1)适当减少施氮量能显著提高杂交水稻氮素收获指数、籽粒氮利用效率及氮肥偏生产力。(2)杂交水稻产量存在显著的品种间差异和年间差异,其中2017年以晶两优华占产量最高(9. 56 t/hm^2),3品种平均为8. 75 t/hm^2; 2018年以锦两优华占最高(13. 45 t/hm^2),3品种平均为12. 87 t/hm^2。(3) 2018年高施氮量处理显著增产,而2017年则显著减产。可见,增加氮肥用量或改进氮肥施用模式是否增加杂交水稻产量,可能与种植期间的气候条件有关。 相似文献
7.
Summary A potato crop can be grown from true potato seed (TPS) either by transplanting seedlings to the field (seedling transplants)
or by planting tubers derived from seedlings (seedling tubers). The effect of the planting method on performance of TPS families
was evaluated for three types of families, 4x×2x hybrid, open pollinated, and self pollinated. Families from seedling transplants
and seedling tubers and their 4x parental clones were compared for tuber yield and specific gravity. Families from tubers
had substantially higher yields and significantly more uniform specific gravity than families from transplants. Hybrid seedling
tuber families had a higher mean yield than the parental clones and did not differ from them in specific gravity. Selection
in the seedling generation could further improve both OP and hybrid families from transplants and from seedling tubers.
Paper no. 3163 from the Department of Genetics, University of Madison. 相似文献
8.
为了解茶梅品种间杂交亲和性并为其亲本选择选配提供理论依据，以 12 个茶梅品种为材料，采用不规则配组法共配对 72 个组合，开展了花粉活力比较及杂交亲和性试验。结果表明，有 66 个杂交组合能结实（91.7%），每个组合平均结实率为28.63%，其中 14 对组合杂交亲和性强（结实率在 50%以上），并以‘晚霞’ב银元’的杂交亲和性最好（结实率达 100%），43 对组合杂交亲和性较强（结实率在 10.0%~46.2%），9 对组合的杂交亲和性较差（结实率低于 10%）；另有 6 对杂交组合无法获得杂交果实（8.3%）；花粉活力对杂交亲和性有一定的影响，但杂交亲和性与花粉活力没有必然的因果关系。供试茶梅品种中，‘有希’作为杂交父本或母本的亲和性均表现较强，‘乙女’、‘秋芍药’、‘昭和之荣’作为杂交母本的结实性较强，‘东红牡丹’、‘丹玉’、‘银元’、‘堪次郎’作杂交父本可增强母本结实性，‘晚霞’具有适合作杂交母本的单一偏向性。 相似文献
9.
《Plant Production Science》2013,16(4):475-480
AbstractBuckwheat contains fagopyrin, which induces photosensitization in light-skinned livestock when exposed to sunlight. Here, we developed a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method to measure the fagopyrin content of buckwheat. The HPLC profile of the fagopyrin extract purified from Tartary buckwheat ‘Rotundatum’ had 3 apparent peaks. The ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption spectrum of each peak yielded absorbance maxima ( λmax) at 547 nm and 591 nm, indicating that these peaks corresponded to fagopyrin and unidentified fagopyrin derivatives. We considered the total content reflected by the 3 peaks to be the fagopyrin content of buckwheat. We determined the fagopyrin content in the leaves of Tartary buckwheat ‘Rotundatum’ and common buckwheat ‘Miyazakiootsubu’ both by UV-vis photometric analysis and the newly developed HPLC method. The fagopyrin content is overestimated by UV-vis photometry because the extracts contain a considerable amount of chlorophyll. Thus, HPLC analysis is more efficacious for fagopyrin-content measurements than UV-vis photometric analysis. The HPLC analysis of fagopyrin is easy, quick and efficacious for screening buckwheat varieties with trace or no fagopyrin. There are only a few reports on the accumulation sites of fagopyrin in buckwheat. We revealed that in Tartary and common buckwheat, fagopyrin is present mainly in the leaves and flowers and slightly in the stems, hulls, and groats. The fagopyrin contents of the leaves and flowers of Rotundatum were approximately 2.6 and 2.8 times higher than those in Miyazakiootsubu, respectively. 相似文献
10.
畜牧产业的快速发展对饲草饲料的需求日益增加,筛选新的饲料作物品种是当务之急。本研究以2个国审牧草甘蔗品种为对照,对15个甘蔗品种的生物产量和10个青饲料常规营养成分指标进行测定分析,探究甘蔗不同刈割期的主成分变化规律,评价甘蔗饲用价值,为甘蔗一年多采和全株饲用提供科学依据。通过因子主成分分析筛选出粗蛋白（CP）、酸性洗涤纤维（ADF）、水溶性碳水化合物（WSC）、粗脂肪（EE）、钙（Ca）5个主要指标,基本包含了所测指标的全部信息。结果显示：15个甘蔗CP含量最高的是‘云蔗12-201’,为8.80%;ADF含量最低的是‘ROC22’,为35.25%;WSC含量最高的是‘云蔗00-290’,为6.16%;EE含量最高的是‘云蔗01-286’,为1.40%。其中‘ROC22’‘云蔗12-201’的CP含量超过CK1、CK2;‘Q27’‘ROC22’‘云蔗01-286’‘云蔗06-160’‘云蔗12-142-1-J’‘滇蔗11-728’的ADF含量均低于CK1、CK2;‘Q27’‘云蔗00-290’‘云蔗12-142-1-J’‘云蔗16-16’‘滇蔗11-726’‘滇蔗11-728’的WS... 相似文献
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12.
为解决海南热区淮山种性退化、品种单一、不能周年上市等问题,引进‘桂淮2号’、‘桂淮5号’、‘桂淮6号’、‘桂淮7号’和‘黑美人’共5个品种,以海南当地品种‘云选1号’作为对照,采用橡胶/淮山间作模式进行试种试验,利用双因素裂区试验法,观察各品种植物学性状,收获后测定块茎产量与商品率。结果表明：5个品种植物学性状与广西没有差异;与当地品种‘云选1号’相比,‘黑美人’产量最高（54.6 t/hm 2）,其次是‘桂淮7号’,‘桂淮5号’最低;‘黑美人’生长周期最短,成熟最早;‘桂淮2号’生长周期最长,成熟最晚。‘桂淮2号’可作为晚熟品种进行推广种植;‘桂淮5号’和‘桂淮6号’可作为中晚熟品种进行推广种植;‘黑美人’、‘桂淮7号’可作为早熟品种推广。 相似文献
13.
为了更好地为生产者和技术人员提供推荐服务，本研究汇总和分析各地试验数据，以明确向日葵养分专家系统推荐施肥的优势，促进向日葵养分专家系统在生产上大面积推广应用。2017-2019年在向日葵主要产区进行了84项向日葵养分专家系统田间验证试验，分析比较了向日葵养分专家系统与当地习惯施肥的节肥效果、增产效果、肥料利用效率和经济效益。结果表明：向日葵养分专家（NE）推荐养分用量较农民习惯（FP）减少了氮（N）投入7 kg/hm2，减少磷（P2O5）投入23 kg/hm2，施肥更加优化合理。NE较FP平均增产293.1 kg/hm2（增产率为8.4%），经济效益增加1754.4元/hm2，氮和磷农学效率增加1.7和3.6 kg/kg，氮磷钾养分回收率分别提高8.7、6.1和6.0个百分点。向日葵养分专家系统具有节约氮磷肥、增加产量、增加经济效益、提高肥料利用效率的良好效果，向日葵产区可以根据向日葵养分专家系统进行推荐施肥。 相似文献
14.
为了探究湖南地区机插杂交稻在不同基本苗配置与施肥量下的产量与干物质生产表现,2016年在湖南宁乡以杂交稻品种隆两优1212和隆两优华占为材料,进行了大田试验。试验设置了3个施肥水平(500、900、1400kg/hm~2)和4个基本苗组合(28.6万丛/hm~2+单本/丛、23.5万丛/hm~2+单本/丛、23.5万丛/hm~2+双本/丛、19.0万丛/hm~2+双本/丛)。试验结果表明,施肥量对产量的影响显著,基本苗配置以及基本苗配置与施肥量的互作对产量影响不显著。随着施肥量的增加,产量和干物质生产显著增加,氮素籽粒生产效率和氮肥偏生产力显著下降。综合考虑产量与成本,900~1 400 kg/hm~2施肥量与23.5~28.6万丛/hm~2+单本/丛的基本苗配置比较适合湖南地区杂交稻机插秧的发展。 相似文献
15.
为筛选出高产高效的小麦品种,以陕西关中平原现行栽培以及新育成的15个主要小麦品种为材料,通过大田试验,在两个施肥处理下(不施肥,推荐施肥),研究不同小麦品种的产量、氮磷效率差异及其内在生理机制。结果表明,在施肥和不施肥条件下,部分小麦品种间的产量均存在显著差异,其中,施肥条件下小麦产量为2 757.5～4 589.5kg·hm~(-2),不施肥条件下小麦产量为1 928.3～3 065.8kg·hm~(-2)。无论施肥与否,部分小麦品种间氮、磷效率均差异显著。施肥条件下,小麦产量与收获指数、穗粒数呈极显著正相关;而不施肥条件下,小麦产量仅与穗粒数呈极显著正相关。相关性分析结果显示,施肥条件下,品种间产量高低与开花期旗叶碳氮比有关;而不施肥条件下,品种间产量高低与叶绿素相对含量和旗叶衰老速率有关。在施肥条件下,品种间氮、磷利用效率的高低主要与可溶性糖转运量、开花期旗叶碳氮比及其衰老速度有关;而不施肥情况下,品种间氮、磷利用效率主要与收获指数有关。从最佳产量和实际生产考虑,在推荐施肥条件下高产高效品种有伟隆121和伟隆123。 相似文献
16.
As the most important cultural practices for cotton production, the single effects of plant density and [nitrogen (N) and potassium (K)] fertilization on yield and yield components are well documented but their combined effects on Bt cotton are poorly understood. Using a split–split plot design with four replications, we conducted a two-year field experiment in two fields, one with lower fertility and the other with higher fertility, in the Yellow River Valley of China. The aim was to evaluate both the individual and combined effects of plant density and nitrogen and potassium fertilization on yield, yield components and uptake of major nutrients. The main plots were assigned to plant density (4.5 and 7.5 plants/m2), while nitrogen (0 and 240 kg N/ha) and potassium fertilization (0 and 150 kg K/ha) were assigned to the sub- and sub–subplots. Lint yield was improved with high plant density (7.5 plants/m2) in the lower fertility field, particularly without N and K application, but not in the higher fertility field. Nitrogen or K application also increased lint yield, and a combination of high plant density, N and K application further improved lint yield in the lower fertility field, while only K application increased lint yield in the higher fertility field. Lint percentage was not affected by any of the variables studied. Thus, the yield increase due to plant density, fertilization or their combinations was attributed to increases in boll number or boll weight. The ratio of seed cotton to stalk (RSS) was linearly correlated with harvest index, and thus can be a simple indicator of dry matter allocation to reproductive structures. Increased yield due to plant density and fertilization was mainly attributed to the enhanced biological yield in the lower fertility field, while the yield increase due to K fertilization was mainly due to increased RSS in the higher fertility field. The plants used approximately equal N and P to produce 100 kg lint in both fields, but the uptake of K to produce 100 kg lint in the higher fertility field was about 21% more than that in the lower fertility field. Ratios of N:P:K were 1:0.159:0.604 in the lower fertility field and 1:0.159:0.734 in higher fertility field. This study suggests that K fertilization was extremely important for maintaining high yield, although luxury consumption occurred in the higher fertility field; N was applied more than required in the highly fertile field, and increased plant density would be beneficial to cotton yield in the lower fertility field. 相似文献
17.
本文详细阐述了高抗黑穗病、高产高糖的‘中糖2号’甘蔗新品种的选育过程,并就其蔗茎产量、抗黑穗病鉴定、特征特性等进行综合分析。‘中糖2号’（ZT2）是中国热带农业科学院热带生物技术研究所从‘热引1号’ב新台糖22号’（ROC22）杂交组合后代中选育出的甘蔗优良新品种,2019年获得农业农村部认定的非主要农作物新品种登记[编号：GPD甘蔗（2018）460029]。该品种表现为出芽整齐均匀、直立、易脱叶、抗倒伏、适宜机械化,高抗黑穗病。在海南临高的试验结果表明,‘中糖2号’1 a新植2 a宿根连续种植3 a平均蔗茎产量（117 080 kg/hm2）比对照‘新台糖22号’（96 330 kg/hm2）增产21.54%,其中宿根1 a和宿根2 a宿根甘蔗的蔗茎产量分别是112 875 kg/hm2和110 625 kg/hm2,分别比对照‘新台糖22号’增产27.82%和34.73%。‘中糖2号’1 a新植2 a宿根连续种植3 a单位面积平均含糖量（14 756 kg/hm2）比对照‘新台糖22号’增18.61%,其中宿根1 a和宿根2 a的宿根甘蔗的含糖量分别为14 516 kg/hm2和13 874 kg/hm2,分别比对照‘新台糖22号’增25.29%和29.17%。多年的黑穗病自然发病调查结果显示,‘中糖2号’对黑穗病表现为高抗,人工接种结果也表明其为高抗。‘中糖2号’为高抗黑穗病的高产高糖新品种,既为甘蔗育种提供抗病的亲本材料,也为甘蔗生产提供抗病的生产用种。 相似文献
18.
Summary Pot and field experiments were carried out to test fertilizer treatments on the behaviour of potato tubers stores at 4°C and
≥90% relative humidity for 6 months. Weight losses (separated into water and dry matter) were enhanced after N and K fertilization
and decreased by increasing P supply. Glucose and fructose contents were reduced at harvest by high N-fertilizer rates compared
to no or low fertilization, but throughout storage reducing sugar accumulation was increased, sucrose reduction was decreased
and ascorbic acid was increased. K fertilization affected the chemical composition of the tubers somewhat similar to that
of nitrogen fertilization. High initial nitrate content of the tubers seemed to be increased and low nitrate values were decreased
during storage. The tubers from pot experiments showed similar changes but of greater magnitude. 相似文献
19.
The common buckwheat ‘cv. Fengtian 1’ (FT1), ‘cv. Yuqiao 4’ (YQ4), ‘cv. Dingtian 2 (DT2)’, and ‘cv. Tongliao (TL)’ were selected to investigate the characteristics of starch synthesis and grain filling. The chlorophyll and chlorophyll a/b contents of leaves in the third stem showed a steady downward trend with the growth of common buckwheat. Whereas, FT1, YQ4 and DT2 showed higher chlorophyll content than that of TL at 7d and 14d. The activity of soluble starch synthase(SSS) and adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase (ADPGP) in the four tested varieties showed a rapid upward trend until 14 days after heading but then rapidly decreased until 21 days after heading. The average adenosine diphosphate glucose pyrophosphorylase activities of FT1, YQ4 and DT2 were higher than TL, while the average soluble starch synthase activities were similar among the four tested varieties. Consistently, the four tested varieties showed rapid accumulation of starch, amylose, and amylopectin during the prefilling stage, but no difference of starch content was found at maturity. The filling process of the four common buckwheat varieties exhibited an “S” curve. The Richards equation was utilized to evaluate the grain-filling process of common buckwheat. YQ4 showed the largest values of initial growth power (R0). The time reaching the maximum grain-filling rate (tmax.G) of FT1 was the longest, and the maximum grain-filling rate (Gmax) of DT2 was the fastest. 相似文献