共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 999 毫秒
1.
低温对椰心叶甲啮小蜂保护酶活性的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用分光光度计法测定低温处理后椰心叶甲啮小蜂(Tetrastichus brontispae)成虫体内3种保护酶活性的变化.结果表明,椰心叶甲啮小蜂成蜂受到低温胁迫后体内CAT、POD和SOD分别在10℃和-2℃出现两个高峰,酶活性总体水平高于对照.-2℃时,3个处理时间的CAT、POD和SOD活性最高,其中,CAT、SOD活性差异性显著.由于各种酶的特性不同,它们对低温应激处理时间的反应亦不同,SOD在处理12h时酶活性最高,而CAT与POD在24h时酶活性最高. 相似文献
2.
高温对椰心叶甲啮小蜂保护酶系活性的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用分光光度法测定椰心叶甲啮小蜂（Tetrastichus brontispae）幼虫、 蛹和成蜂经 30、 33、 36、 39、 42 ℃处理后体内 3 种保护酶活性的变化。 结果表明： （1）经不同高温处理后, 椰心叶甲啮小蜂幼虫、 蛹和成蜂体内过氧化氢酶（Catalase, CAT）活性随着温度升高而先升高后降低, 其中幼虫、 蛹体内 CAT 活性高于对照。 39 ℃为CAT 清除 H2O2 的最适温度, 高于 39 ℃则 CAT 活性受抑制。 （2）经不同高温处理后, 椰心叶甲啮小蜂幼虫体内过氧化物酶（Peroxidase, POD）活性高于对照, 蛹和成蜂体内 POD 活性低于对照。 幼虫在 33 ℃时体内 POD 活性达最大值, 之后随着温度的升高逐渐下降; 蛹和成蜂体内 POD 活性随温度的升高而升高。 （3）经不同高温处理后,椰心叶甲啮小蜂幼虫和蛹体内超氧化物歧化酶（Superoxide dismutase, SOD）活性随温度升高而升高, 其体内 SOD活性均高于对照。 成蜂体内 SOD 活性随温度升高而先升高后降低, 在 39 ℃时达到最大值, 但低于对照。 相似文献
3.
4.
椰心叶甲啮小蜂(Tetrastichus brontispae Ferrière)是一种重要的椰心叶甲蛹寄生蜂。为了探讨繁育椰心叶甲啮小蜂的最佳寄主密度,研究1对椰心叶甲啮小蜂与椰心叶甲1日蛹的不同配比对椰心叶甲啮小蜂寄生与繁殖的影响。结果表明,雌蜂与椰心叶甲1日龄蛹的不同配比对椰心叶甲啮小蜂寄生率、每寄主出蜂量和后代性比有显著影响,当雌蜂与椰心叶甲1日龄蛹配比为1∶1时,椰心叶甲啮小蜂的寄生率和出蜂量最高,其寄生率为100%,每蛹平均出蜂量为27.67头,显著高于其它配比,但雌蜂与椰心叶甲1日龄蛹配比为1∶6时,椰心叶甲啮小蜂后代性比(雌蜂的百分比)最高为88.04%,显著高于其它配比。平均每雌怀卵量、出蜂率、羽化率在椰心叶甲啮小蜂与椰心叶甲蛹的不同配比之间无显著差异。 相似文献
5.
6.
7.
椰甲截脉姬小蜂和椰扁甲啮小蜂是入侵性害虫椰心叶甲的重要天敌。为了了解这两种寄生蜂的耐寒能力,测定了椰甲截脉姬小蜂和椰扁甲啮小蜂不同发育阶段的过冷却点和冰点。从过冷却点和冰点来看,椰甲截脉姬小蜂和椰扁甲啮小蜂具有一定的耐寒能力,可在椰心叶甲发生区越冬存活。两种寄生蜂的过冷却点和冰点不同发育阶段有所不同。寄生蜂蛹的过冷却点和冰点最高。雌、雄蜂之间的过冷却点和冰点皆没有显著差异。笔者认为,椰甲截脉姬小蜂和椰扁甲啮小蜂可在中国椰心叶甲所有发生区释放应用。 相似文献
8.
9.
10.
三亚市椰心叶甲寄生蜂的防效调查 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
先后2次对海南三亚市椰心叶甲放蜂点进行寄生蜂防治效果调查,从放蜂点分布、椰树危害程度、虫口密度和寄生蜂寄生率等4个方面评价椰心叶甲啮小蜂和椰甲截脉姬小蜂对椰心叶甲的防控效果。结果表明：三亚的椰树危害程度在逐渐减轻,轻度危害的椰树已占调查点的60％,虫口密度已明显下降。从两种寄生蜂的分布情况来看,椰心叶甲啮小蜂在三亚的分布范围在扩大,已经分布在每个调查点,椰甲截脉姬小蜂的分布范围则略有缩小。两种寄生蜂的寄生率比较来看,椰心叶甲啮小蜂较2007年高,而椰甲截脉姬小蜂在三亚的寄生率较2007年差。说明了两种寄生蜂均可以在三亚寄生生存,椰心叶甲啮小蜂在三亚的生存能力更强,对椰心叶甲的防控效果比椰甲截脉姬小蜂好。本研究对如何利用寄生蜂来控制椰心叶甲,具有重要的参考意义。 相似文献
11.
12.
Lakshman Lal 《Potato Research》1987,30(2):329-334
Summary The effects of the leaves of five plant species, one from each of the generaAmbrosia, Anemone, Eupatorium, Eucalyptus andLantana, on potato tuber moth were investigated under indigenous storage conditions at the Central Potato Research Station, Shillong
(1800 m above sea level). Their action was compared with that of a biological insecticide (spores ofBacillus thuringiensis), a chemical insecticide (carbaryl), and an untreated control. The data collected after six months storage on tuber damage,
sprout damage and the rotting indicated that the leaves ofLantana aculeata provided most protection to the tubers, reducing damage from over 70% in the check to below 5%, and sprout damage from over
45% to below 3%. Next best wasEucalyptus globulus followed byB. thuringiensis. They may be used on tubers stored for table use or for seed as they had no adverse effect on germination or on the yield
of a subsequent crop. 相似文献
13.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(2):81-114
Summary The efficiency of N fertilizers is usually poor; often less than 50% of the applied N is taken up by the crop. This review focuses on various N fertilizers with respect to the significance of different N loss pathways, namely (i) ammonia volatilization, (ii) dinitrogen and nitrogen oxide emissions, and (iii) nitrate leaching. Further, the significance of biological N immobilization, ammonium fixation and, finally, the impact of nitrate vs. ammonium uptake on crop yield are also discussed. The reviewed literature shows that N fertilizers may differ markedly in their susceptibility to losses. There is, however, considerable scope to improve N efficiency of each N source by proper N management practices. 相似文献
14.
15.
M. I. Siri P. Villanueva M. J. Pianzzola L. Franco Fraguas G. Galván M. Acosta F. Ferreira 《Potato Research》2004,47(3-4):127-138
Summary The in vitro antimicrobial activity of extracts from accessions ofSolanum commersonii Dun. collected in the south of Uruguay was investigated against five microorganisms including the pathogenRalstonia solanacearum. A total of 30 extracts corresponding to organic and aqueous extracts were studied. Interestingly, most of the positive results
for growth inhibition were againstR. solanacearum. The extracts were also analyzed for the presence of glycoalkaloids and lectins. Six of the ten aqueous extracts showed lectin
presence and a wide variation in the type and amounts of glycoalkaloids, was found. Results indicate that there is no clear
relationship between the antimicrobial activity against the five microorganisms screened and the presence or amounts of lectins
and glycoalkaloids, traditionally regarded as possible antimicrobial metabolites in theSolanum genus, which indicates the presence of as yet unidentified antimicrobial compounds. 相似文献
16.
Novel food and non-food uses for sorghum and millets 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
Sorghum and millets have considerable potential in foods and beverages. As they are gluten-free they are suitable for coeliacs. Sorghum is also a potentially important source of nutraceuticals such antioxidant phenolics and cholesterol-lowering waxes. Cakes, cookies, pasta, a parboiled rice-like product and snack foods have been successfully produced from sorghum and, in some cases, millets. Wheat-free sorghum or millet bread remains the main challenge. Additives such as native and pre-gelatinised starches, hydrocolloids, fat, egg and rye pentosans improve bread quality. However, specific volumes are lower than those for wheat bread or gluten-free breads based on pure starches, and in many cases, breads tend to stale faster. Lager and stout beers with sorghum are brewed commercially. Sorghum's high-starch gelatinisation temperature and low beta-amylase activity remain problems with regard to complete substitution of barley malt with sorghum malt . The role of the sorghum endosperm matrix protein and cell wall components in limiting extract is a research focus. Brewing with millets is still at an experimental stage. Sorghum could be important for bioethanol and other bio-industrial products. Bioethanol research has focused on improving the economics of the process through cultivar selection, method development for low-quality grain and pre-processing to recover valuable by-products. Potential by-products such as the kafirin prolamin proteins and the pericarp wax have potential as bioplastic films and coatings for foods, primarily due to their hydrophobicity. 相似文献
17.
Alejandro Carlos Tozzini María Fernanda Ceriani María Verónica Saladrigas H. Esteban Hopp 《Potato Research》1991,34(3):317-324
Summary Clones derived from thirty-one different accessions (nineteen of Argentine origin) belonging to eightSolanum species were screened for resistance to infection by potato virus X strain cp (PVX cp) by mechanical inoculation of plantlets
that had been micropropagated in vitro. Estimates of PVX multiplication obtained by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and
slot blot nucleic acid hybridization allowed the identification of resistant clones derived from five accessions belonging
toS. commersonii S. oplocense, S. sparsipilum andS. tuberosum andigena. Resistant genotypes supported PVX concentrations 5 to 15 times smaller than did the susceptible control cultivar Spunta.
Graft inoculation test confirmed the presence of extreme resistance similar to that conferred by the ‘immunity’ gene X1 (also called RXact). 相似文献
18.
Alejandro M. S. Mayer Abimael D. Rodríguez Orazio Taglialatela-Scafati Nobuhiro Fusetani 《Marine drugs》2013,11(7):2510-2573
The peer-reviewed marine pharmacology literature from 2009 to 2011 is presented in this review, following the format used in the 1998–2008 reviews of this series. The pharmacology of structurally-characterized compounds isolated from marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria is discussed in a comprehensive manner. Antibacterial, antifungal, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral pharmacological activities were reported for 102 marine natural products. Additionally, 60 marine compounds were observed to affect the immune and nervous system as well as possess antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory effects. Finally, 68 marine metabolites were shown to interact with a variety of receptors and molecular targets, and thus will probably contribute to multiple pharmacological classes upon further mechanism of action studies. Marine pharmacology during 2009–2011 remained a global enterprise, with researchers from 35 countries, and the United States, contributing to the preclinical pharmacology of 262 marine compounds which are part of the preclinical pharmaceutical pipeline. Continued pharmacological research with marine natural products will contribute to enhance the marine pharmaceutical clinical pipeline, which in 2013 consisted of 17 marine natural products, analogs or derivatives targeting a limited number of disease categories. 相似文献
19.
Chitosan is considered to be one of the most promising and applicable materials in adsorption applications. The existence of amino and hydroxyl groups in its molecules contributes to many possible adsorption interactions between chitosan and pollutants (dyes, metals, ions, phenols, pharmaceuticals/drugs, pesticides, herbicides, etc.). These functional groups can help in establishing positions for modification. Based on the learning from previously published works in literature, researchers have achieved a modification of chitosan with a number of different functional groups. This work summarizes the published works of the last three years (2012–2014) regarding the modification reactions of chitosans (grafting, cross-linking, etc.) and their application to adsorption of different environmental pollutants (in liquid-phase). 相似文献
20.
Alexander N. Shikov Elena V. Flisyuk Ekaterina D. Obluchinskaya Olga N. Pozharitskaya 《Marine drugs》2020,18(11)
Marine organisms represent an excellent source of innovative compounds that have the potential for the development of new drugs. The pharmacokinetics of marine drugs has attracted increasing interest in recent decades due to its effective and potential contribution to the selection of rational dosage recommendations and the optimal use of the therapeutic arsenal. In general, pharmacokinetics studies how drugs change after administration via the processes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME). This review provides a summary of the pharmacokinetics studies of marine-derived active compounds, with a particular focus on their ADME. The pharmacokinetics of compounds derived from algae, crustaceans, sea cucumber, fungus, sea urchins, sponges, mollusks, tunicate, and bryozoan is discussed, and the pharmacokinetics data in human experiments are analyzed. In-depth characterization using pharmacokinetics is useful for obtaining information for understanding the molecular basis of pharmacological activity, for correct doses and treatment schemes selection, and for more effective drug application. Thus, an increase in pharmacokinetic research on marine-derived compounds is expected in the near future. 相似文献